Module 1: Introduction to the New

Extensionist

LECTURER GUIDE
Module 1: Introduction to the
New Extensionist
Pre-assessment
Complete the following pre-assessment in order to determine how
comfortable you are with the topic of extension.

Question Self-assessment
Low High
Are you familiar with the role of
1 extension in addressing the ever- 1 2 3 4 5
changing rural context?
Are you aware of the broader system
in which farming exists and how this
2 1 2 3 4 5
relates to the agricultural innovation
system?
Are you comfortable discussing the
3 various types of extension providers 1 2 3 4 5
and their roles?
How familiar are you with the way
different types of extension services
4 1 2 3 4 5
have been implemented across the
world?
Do you understand the vision, mission
and guiding principles of GFRAS
5 1 2 3 4 5
and how they relate to the New
Extentsionist movement?
Are you familiar with the strategic
6 fields of action and the different levels 1 2 3 4 5
of capacity development?

1
 Question Self-assessment
Low High
Do you understand how the
development of new roles based on
7 1 2 3 4 5
strategic fields relate to the capacity
development levels?
How familiar are you with the core
competencies required of you and how
8 1 2 3 4 5
they relate to the Extensionist Learning
Kit?

Answer: Learner’s own answer.

2
Study unit 1: Rationale for the
New Extensionist
Session 1.1: Changes in rural farming/
livelihoods and their implications
Activity 1.1 Individual activity: Trends in rural agriculture
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If
false, correct the statement.
1. Pluralism requires the independent operation of multiple RAS
providers to efficiently meet the needs of rural farmers. (2)
Answer: False, cooperation is needed between all actors.
2. Globalisation when combined with extension services can
empower rural communities. (2)
Answer: True.
3. Globalisation has resulted in a shift from an international to
domestic market. (2)
Answer: False, globalisation has resulted in a shift from a domestic
to an international market.
4. Outgrower schemes require the involvement of GFRAS
and other extension providers both public and private
to ensure protective policies are in place. (2)
Answer: True.

 Total: 8 marks

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 Activity 1.2 Individual activity: Pluralism in your country
Investigate the extent of pluralism in RAS within your country, if
active in your country. List examples of public/government, NGOs,
farmers’ organisations and private companies.
A good place to start your investigation is at:
http://www.g-fras.org/en/world-wide-extension-study.html#asia
Answer: Provide the learners with guidance in their investigations.

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Session 1.2: The position of extension in the AIS
Activity 1.3 Individual activity: AIS
Answer the following questions by indicating if they are true or
false. If false, correct the statement.
1. AIS is an innovation-oriented system that primarily focuses on
research and extension activities. (2)
Answer: False, AIS is an innovation-oriented system that doesn’t
only focus on research and extension activities, but addresses
aspects such as organisational (organisation of farmers as groups)
and institutional innovation (such as land-leasing through policy
change uncertainty).
2. Innovation brokering is aimed at connecting farmers and
service providers in the agricultural value chain. (2)
Answer: True.
3. Innovation grants are given to actors which work well
independently. (2)
Answer: False, innovation grants provide funding in the form of
collaboration grants to promote interaction between actors in
AIS.
4. The AKIS system is built on the older AIS system. (2)
Answer: False, the AIS system is built on the older AKIS
system.
5. The AIS system is a pluralistic system. (2)
Answer: True.

 Total: 10 marks

5
 Session 1.3: EAS providers and their roles
Activity 1.4 Individual activity: Daily and seasonal
calendars
Select the terms/statements in column A that best match those in
column B. (6)

Column A Column B
1. Farmer organisations A. Outgrower scheme
2. Diversified strategies B. Extension services focused
on a specific commodity value
chain
3. Private companies C. Shifting of authority to local
levels of government
4. Private delivery and public D. Mixed system
funding
5. Devolution E. Shown a trend towards
privatisation since the 1980s
6. Public extension F. Direct contracting of private
EAS
Answer: 1B, 2D, 3A, 4F, 5C, 6E
 Total: 6 marks

6
Summative assessment: Unit 1
Complete the following questions.
1. In each question select the correct answer from the given
options. (6)
1.1 Which of the following is considered a strength of the AIS
approach?
a. It is an easy way in which facilitation, brokering and
relationship building can be achieved.
b. It focuses on institutional and policy change to drive
innovation.
c. It allows EAS to focus on technology delivery to ensure
innovation.
d. It acts as a blueprint for organising innovation.
1.2 The four elements that need to be considered in order to
determine capacity are: actors and their roles, patterns
of interaction that exist between different players,
institutions, and:
a. Policy work groups
b. Innovation brokering
c. An enabling environment
d. Innovation platforms
1.3 The AIS approach is:
a. An innovation focused approach
b. A transfer of technology-based approach
c. A linear systems approach
d. Focused mainly on research and extension activities
e. Both ‘a’ and ‘d’ are correct

7
 Answer: 1.1b, 1.2c, 1.3a
2. State whether the following questions are true or false: (10)
2.1 Innovation grants are used to promote collaboration
between actors in AIS.

2.2 Pluralism allows for the needs of rural farmers to be met

by a single RAS provider.

2.3 Implementation of AIS requires a focus on the level of

connection between actors.

2.4 EAS providers are divided into public providers and NGOs.

2.5 Decentralisation has seen a shift from private to public

extension since the 1980s.
Answers: 2.1 True, 2.2 False, 2.3 True, 2.4 False, 2.5 False
3. Select the terms/statements in column A that best match
those in column B. (7)

Column A Column B
1. Network of organisations, a. Focused on specific value
enterprises and individuals chains at a local level
2. NGOs b. Policies available to promote
linkage between actors
3. Influence policy c. Commercialisation
4. Form of privatisation of EAS d. Development of new
capacity if national
coordination is inadequate
5. Innovation platforms e. AIS system

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 Column A Column B
6. Enabling environment f. Focus on welfare, gender
equality and environmental
stability
7. Innovation support facility g. Policy work groups
Answer: 1e, 2f ,3g ,4c,5a, 6b ,7d

 Total: 23 marks

9
 Study unit 2: New Extensionist
capacities
Session 2.1: GFRAS principles and their effect
on EAS capacity development
Activity 2.1 Individual activity
Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If the
statement is false, correct it.
1. GFRAS’ mission is for RAS to effectively contribute to
agricultural innovation systems for sustainable development.
 (2)
Answer: False, GFRAS’ vision is for rural advisory services to
effectively contribute to agricultural innovation systems for
sustainable development.
2. The guiding principles of GFRAS define how and with whom
GFRAS works. (2)
Answer: True.

3. Subsidiarity aims at facilitating and coordinating the work

from various actors. (2)
Answer: False, refers to processes and initiatives that are
led by lower level actors with GFRAS providing guidance.

4. The three levels of capacity development are: enabling

environment, corporate and individual. (2)
Answer: False, the three levels of capacity development are:
the capacities of the enabling environment, institutional and
organisational capacities of various providers, and the individual
capacities of actors.

10
5. Strengthening the performance of rural advisory services is
one of the strategic goals of GFRAS. (2)
Answer: True.

 Total: 10 marks

11
 Session 2.2: New roles and capacities in the EAS
Activity 2.2 Individual activity: Identifying groups and
opportunities
In the table below, identify the missing sections (A–E) by
selecting from the options given. (6)

Level of capacity Level 1. Enabling Level 2. Level 3.

E
environment Institutions and
organisations

C
Goal:
Strengthened
enabling Goal:
environment for Appropriate and
RAS’ to use their comprehensive
potential and human resources
effectively fulfill developed in RAS
their roles
Strategic field

F
Strategic field Increased visibility Actively engaged

A
and coherant regional and
voice of RAS in thematic RAS
rural development networks that RAS professionals
Goal: Increased and agricultural influence national with enhanced
recognition of RAS discourses and and regional skills, who are
in policies and frameworks, and at discussions of able to contribute
investments events development and to more effective
agriculture agricultural
innovation systems
Strategic field 2. Increased Strengthened Improved training,
Professionalisation recognition by institutionalisation, education,
of RAS policy makers, governance, standards, and

B
donors, investors, coordination, and opportunities
and programme financing structures for RAS actors
managers of for regional and with incentives,
the need for thematic RAS certification, and
action towards networks career development

D
professionalisation mechanisms in
of RAS place

Strategic field 3. Agricultural RAS networks RAS providers and

Facilitation and innovation systems and fora have a clientele have more
enhancement that support stronger brokering opportunities to
of effective measures for role in agricultural access, share, and
and continuous improved access innovation systems, use information,
knowledge to high quality and a greater knowledge,
generation and information and capacity for experience, and
exchange knowledge on RAS advocacy evidence on RAS
approaches and
Goal: Enhanced methods
learning in RAS

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1. Strengthened RAS performance
2. Individuals
3. Functionally strengthened regional RAS networks
4. RAS actors who influence policies and investments, due to
increased support measures and better guidelines
5. Advocacy and support for an enabling policy environment and
investment in RAS
6. Better guidance provided to RAS networks and for improving
their performance and collaboration with other actors in
agricultural innovation systems
Answer: A5, B1, C3, D6, E2, F4

 Total: 6 marks

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 Summative assessment: Unit 2
1. Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. If
false, correct the statement. (6)
1.1 Subsidiarity, transparency, alignment and evidence-based
approaches form part of the guiding principles of GFRAS.
Answer: True.
1.2 The three levels of capacity development are: the mission,
vission and goal.
Answer: False, the enabling environment, individual capacities and
the institutional and organisational capacities.
1.3 The twelve core competencies cannot be taught but must
already be part of the new extensionist’s skill set.
Answer: False, the Learning Kit aims to develop these skills in
competent individuals.

2. In each question select the correct answer from the given

options. (6)
2.1 The term “individual capacities” refers to:
a. The broader system in which organisations and
individuals function.
b. Capacities of public, private and civil society, rural
advisory service organisation and providers.
c. Capacities of actors involved in rural advisory services.
Answer: c
2.2 Strategic field 1: Advocacy and support for an enabling
policy environment and….. forms part of which strategic
goal?
a. Strengthening the performance of rural adivsory
services.

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 b. Enhanced learning in rural advisory services.
c. Increased recognition of rural advisory services in
policies and investments.
Answer: c.

2.3 Which of the following aspects form part of the enabling

environment
a. Extension methods
b. Policies
c. Social norms
d. ‘b’ and ‘c’
Answer: 2.1 c, 2.2 c, 2.3 d.
3. Select the terms/definitions in column A that best match those
in column B. (7)

Column A Column B
1. Monitoring, evaluation and A. Evidence-based approaches
learning
2. RAS is driven by, and B. Pluralism and partnership
accountable to RAS clientele
3. GFRAS aims to facilitate C. Subsidiarity
and coordinate the work from
various actors in order to
promote synergy, innovation
and strengthen the forum
4. GFRAS focuses on D. GFRAS’ activities are
evidence-based measures and implemented in a transparent
approaches, in other words, way with all actors having
measures and approaches access to created information
based on experimental trials within the public domain
and research to ensure
efficiency
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 Column A Column B
5. Processes and initiatives are E. GFRAS promotes improved
led by lower level actors with monitoring, evaluation and
GFRAS providing guidance and learning within all activities
support where needed related to RAS, such as
enhanced learning, one of the
core elements of GFRAS
6. Alignment F. GFRAS’ guiding principles
are in line with international
development institutes, their
policies and programmes
7. Transparency G. Demand-driven and
accountability

Answer: 2G, 3B, 4A, 5C, 7D, 1E, 6F.

4. Fill in the missing words by selecting from those provided. (9)

4.1 RAS’s need new extensionists who are able to understand
the entire 4.1.1 _____________ system, and are able
to facilitate 4.1.2 ________________ systems and
understand the use of 4.1.3_______________-based
methods. Individual capacity development is needed in
the form of 4.1.4___________________ to meet these
requirements.
a. Pluralistic
b. Evidence
c. Education and training
d. Agricultural innovation
Answer: 4.1.1.d, 4.1.2.a, 4.1.3.b, 4.1.4.c

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 4.2 Increased 4.2.1__________________ of RAS
within the agricultural innovation system requires
4.2.2___________________ of extension professionals.
GFRAS focuses on 4.2.3_______________________ of
RAS actors and an emphasis on sufficient human capacity,
the application of policies, 4.2.4__________________
_________, approaches and methods, as well as high
quality, pre-service, on-the-job training and continuous
professional development. This will see an improvement in
the functioning of 4.2.5_______________________ and
forums to the needs of farmers.
a. Strategies
b. professionalism
c. advisory service providers
d. recognition
e. visibility
Answer: 4.2.1.e , 4.2.2.d, 4.2.3.b , 4.2.4 c, 4.2.5.a

 Total: 28 marks

17
 Post-assessment
The post-assessment is to be done once you have read through
the module and completed all the activities. Compare your
answers to those in the post assessment to identify where
knowledge has been gained and where improvements can be
made. Rate your knowledge on the topics on a scale of 1 to 5 by
circling the corresponding number.

Question Self-assessment
Low High
Are you familiar with the role of
1 extension in addressing the ever- 1 2 3 4 5
changing rural context?
Are you aware of the broader system
in which farming exists and how this
2 1 2 3 4 5
relates to the agricultural innovation
system?
Are you comfortable discussing the
3 various types of extension providers 1 2 3 4 5
and their roles?
How familiar are you with the way
different types of extension services
4 1 2 3 4 5
have been implemented across the
world?
Do you understand the vision, mission
and guiding principles of GFRAS
5 1 2 3 4 5
and how they relate to the New
Extentsionist movement?
Are you familiar with the strategic fields
6 of action and the different levels of 1 2 3 4 5
capacity development?

18
 Question Self-assessment
Low High
Do you understand how the
development of new roles based on
7 1 2 3 4 5
strategic fields relate to the capacity
development levels?
How familiar are you with the core
competencies required of you and how
8 1 2 3 4 5
they relate to the Extensionist Learning
Kit?

Answer: Learner’s own answer.

19