ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET

STPM
CHEMISTRY
2nd semester

COMPLETE ANSWER SCHEME

WITH DETAIL EXPLANATION
Written By : Chew Sensei 3rd Edition - 2020
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
CHAPTER 1 : THERMOCHEMISTRY
Section A - Objective Questions
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. A
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. D 20. B
21. D 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. A
31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. C 40. B
Section B - Structure Questions
1 (a) i. Ca (s) + S (s) [or 1/8 S8] → CaS (s) [1] (b) Find ∆Hf of H+ (aq)
ii. CaS (s) → Ca (g) + S (g) [1] 57.3 = (285.8)  [(229.6) + ∆Hf of H+ (aq)] [1]
(b) i. - enthalpy change of a reaction is the same [1] ∆Hrxn of HF (aq)
- regardless of the route taken for the reaction [1] ∆Hrxn = [(1.3) + (329.1)]  (320.1) [1]
ii. Alternative I = 10.3 kJ mol-1 [1]
CaS (s) → Ca (s) + S (s) ∆Hf = + 328 kJ mol-1
Ca(s) + 1/2O2(g) → CaO(s) ∆Hf = 1603 kJ mol-1 [1] 6. (a) - heat released when 1 mol of benzene is completely
S (s) + O2(g) → SO2 (g) ∆Hf =  294 kJ mol-1 [1] burnt in oxygen [1]
CaS (s) + 3/2 O2 (g) → CaO (s) + SO2 (g) [1] - under standard conditions (25 °C, 1 atm) [1]
(b) C6H6 (l) + 13/2 O2 (g) → 6CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) [1]
∆Hc = 1569 kJ mol-1 [1]
(c) Heat, q = Cθ @ [891 x (32.6  32.6)] 8091 [1]
2.(a) - mol of N2H4 = 1.50 / [2(14.0) + 4(1.0)] [1] - mol of C6H6 = 1.05 / [6(12.0) + 6(1.0)] [1]
- heat change, q = ∆H x mol ; ∆Hc = 8091 / 0.01346 [1]
q = 562 kJ x 0.04688 [1] =  601 kJ mol-1 [1]
- θ = q / C ; θ = 26.3 kJ / 6.02 kJ K-1 [1]
θ = 4.38 K [1] 7.(a) i. q = mc ; q = (100)(4.18)(16.3) @ 6.8 kJ [1]
(b) Alternative I ii. mol = 0.23 / (2(12.0) + 6(1.0) + 16.0 [1]
Hrxn = Hproduct – Hreactant [1] H = 6.8 kJ / 0.005 = 1360 kJ mol-1 [1]
562.0 = [2(242) + (0)] – [∆Hf N2H4 + 0] [1] (b) i. Axis [1] ; 4 steps correct [3] ; each step incorrect [-1]
∆Hf N2H4 = 78 kJ mol-1 [1] Energy / kJ
Alternative II 3 C (s) + 4 H2 (g) + 5 O2 (g)
2 H2O (g) → 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) Hf = + 242 x 2 [1] x
N2H4(l) + O2(g) → N2(g) + 2 H2O(g) ∆H =  562.0
N2 (g) + 2 H2 (g) → N2H4 (g) [1] −393.5 kJ x 3 C3H7OH (l) + 9/2 O2 (g)
∆Hf N2H4 = 78 kJ mol-1 [1]
3.(a) Answer all 3 = [2 m] ; each wrong [-1 m] [2] 3CO2 (g) + 4H2 (g) + 2 O2 (g)
H1 = enthalpy change of atomisation of K
H2 = first ionisation energy of K −2021.0 kJ mol-1
H6 = enthalpy change of formation for K2O −285.8 kJ x 4
(b) H2 = 2 x + 418 kJ mol-1 [1]
= + 836 kJ (insist + and kJ) [1] 3 CO2 (g) + 4 H2O (l)
(c) 2 K+ (g) + O (g) + 2 e- [1] ii. x + (-2021.0) = 3 x (-393.5) + 4 x (-285.8) [1]
(d) H5 =  385 - [+214 + 836 + 248 + 602] [1] x = 302.7 kJ mol-1 [1]
=  2285 kJ mol-1 [1]
8. (a) - energy change when 1 mol of solute is dissolved in
4. (a) - heat released when 1 mol of a substance is excess water to form an infinite dilute solution [1]
completely burnt in oxygen [1] - under standard condition [1]
- under standard conditions (25 °C, 1 atm) [1] (b)(i) Using Hess’ Law
(b) C2H6O (l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2(g) + 3H2O(g) [1] 3K(s) + P(s) + 2 O2(g)  H3PO4(s) H = –2035 [1]
(c) Heat, q = mcθ @ [100 x 4.18 x (65-15)] [1] H3PO4(s)  3K(s) + P(s) + 2 O2(g) H = +2035
- mol of ethanol = 1.00 / [2(12.0) + 6(1.0) + 16.0] [1] P(s) + 2 O2(g) + 3e–  PO43–(aq) H = –1284 [1]
∆Hc = 100/70 x 20.9 kJ x 0.1667; 1373 kJ mol-1 [1] 3K (s)  3K+ (aq) + 3e– H = – 753
(d) ∆Hf = 2(-393.5) + 3(-285.8)4 + 0]  (1373) [1]
=  271 kJ mol-1 [1] H3PO4(s)  3K+(aq) + PO43–(aq) H= +18 kJ mol-1 [1]
ii. each energy level correct [3] each wrong (-1m)
5.(a) i. - energy / heat released when 1 mol of water is 3K(s) + P(s) + 2 O2(g)
formed from hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion under
–1284
standard condition. [1]
- H+ (aq) + OH- (aq)  H2O (l) [1] –2035 3K(s) + PO43- (aq)
ii. Hneut = Hproduct – Hreactant [1]
H3PO4(s) –753
Hneut = [329.1 + (285.8)]– [320.1 + (229.6)] [1]
∆Hneut =  65.2 kJ mol -1
[1] + 18
3K+(aq) + PO43–(aq)
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
Section C - Essay Questions

1 (a) m1 : b) - the more exothermic Hf, the more stable [1] m10 : ∆Hrxn = +46 kJ mol-1 [1]
m2 : - Sc2O3 is more stable than MnO [1] CH3CH(OH)CH2OH(l) + 4O2(g)  3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O(l)
m3 : - Sc2O3 consists Sc3+ /oxidation no of Sc is +3 [1] m12 : 3 (–393.5) + 4(–285.8) + (+841) [1]
m4 : -Electronic configuration Sc3+ : 1s22s22p63s23p6 [1] m13 : H = – 1482.7 kJ mol-1 [1]
m5 : -MnO consists Mn2+/oxidation no of Mn +2 [1] ii. m14 : (a)(ii) (practical value) is smaller than (b)(i)
m6 : -Electron configuration Mn2+:1s22s22p63s23p63d5 [1] (theoretical value) [1]
m7 : - Full filled orbitals of 3s23p6 is more stable than half m15 : due to incomplete combustion / some heat released
filled 3d orbitals [1] to surrounding / different initial [1]
(b) m8-m11 : refer to diagram [4]
4. (a) m1 : heat / energy change when 1 mol of sulphur
Ca+ (g) + Cl (g) + e-
dioxide is formed from its element [1]
↑ ∆Hatom of Cl EA of Cl [1] m2 : under standard condition [1]
+ -
Ca (g) + ½ Cl2 (g) + e (b) i.m3:1/8S8 / S(s) + O2(g)  SO2(g) ∆Hf =183.0 and
↑ ∆HIE of Ca Ca+ (g) + Cl- (g) 1/8S8 / S(s) + 3/2O2(g)  SO3(g) ∆Hf =297.0 [1]
Ca (g) + ½ Cl2 (g) m4 : manipulating equation [1]
↑ ∆Hatom of Ca [1] LE [1] 2 SO2(g) → 1/4 S8(s) + 2 O2 (g) ∆Hf = + 366.0 kJ
Ca (s) + ½ Cl2 (g) Total [6] 1/4S8(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2SO3(g) ∆Hf =  594.0 kJ
 ∆Hf [1] m5 : 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g) [1]
m6 : answer ∆H = 228.0 kJ [1]
CaCl (s)
m7 - m9 : each energy level [1] x 3 [3]
m12 : ∆Hf = (-642) + [(128) + (124) + (590) + (-349)] [1] E S(s) + 3O2 (g)
m13 : =  149 kJ mol-1 [1]
366.0 kJ
m14 : Since ∆Hf is exothermic [1]
m15 : CaCl is stable under standard condition [1] 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g) −594.0
2.(a) i. m1 : q = Cθ @ 4.05 x 10 x 0.57
3
[1] −228.0 kJ
m2 : q = 2308.5 J [1] 2 SO3 (g)
m3 : HBr(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaBr(aq) + H2O(l) [1] ii. m10 : SO3 is more stable than SO2 [1]
m4 : Mol of NaOH = MV / 1000 @ 0.027 mol [1] m11 : as ∆Hf of SO3 is more exothermic than SO2[1]
m5 : ∆Hsoln = 2308.5 / 0.027 [1] m12 : Equilibrium shift more to right [1]
m6 : ∆Hsoln =  85.5 kJ/mol [1] (c) m13 : Number of Zn-CO bond = 4 [1]
ii. m7 : Bond energy of HCl [1] m14 : Bond energy = + 712.5 / 4 [1]
m8 : ionisation energy of H [1] m15 : = + 178.1 kJ [1]
m9 : 1st Electron affinity of Cl [1]
m10 : ∆Hhyd of both H+ and Cl- [1] 5.a) i. m1 : mol B.A = 1.98 / 122 @ 0.01623 mol [1]
ii. m11 : Energy (label y-axis) [1] m2 : q = H x mol = 3230 x 0.01623 @ 52.42 kJ [1]
m12 - m15 : each enthalpy change in cycle [1] x 4 [4] m3 : C = q /  ; C = 52.42 / (27.8–21.5) [1]
Energy / kJ m4 : C = 8.32 kJ 0C-1 (3 s.f.) [1]
C (g) + 4 H (g) + Br (g ii. m5 : q = C ; q = 8.32 x (25.7-21.8)@ 32.45 kJ [1]
m6 : mol = 2.00 / 76 @ 0.02632 [1]
+ 1305 kJ m7 : H = 32.45 kJ / 0.02632 [1]
CH3(g) + H(g) + Br(g) m8 : = - 1230 kJ mol-1 (3 s.f.) [1]
(correction on question – switch the temperature change
+ 1740 kJ between benzoic acid and sample)
CH3 (g) + HBr (g)
+ 389 kJ
(b) i. m9 – m10 write all 3 equations of formation [2]
+46 kJ C (s) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) H = – 393.5 kJ mol-1
CH4 (g) + Br (g) H2 (g) + ½O2 (g)  H2O (l) H = – 285.8 kJ mol-1
3.(a) i. m1 : enthalpy / energy change of a chemical 3C(s) + O2(g) + 4H2(g)  CH3CH(OH)CH2OH (l)
reaction is the same [1]
H = – 841.0 kJ mol-1
m2 : regardless of the route taken for the reaction [1]
(b) m11 - m13 : Any 3 equations [3]
ii. m3 : enthalpy / energy change is proportional to the
- 5C(s) + 4H2(g) → C5H8(g) ∆H = +162.0
amount of reactant used in stoichiometry of the reaction[1]
- H2(g) + ½O2(g) → H2O(l) ∆H = 286.0
m4 : if a reaction equation is reversed, magnitude remain
the same ; vector/sign becomes opposite [1] - C(s) + O2(g) → CO2 (g) ∆H = 394.0
(b) i.m5: CH4(g) →C(g) + 4H(g) ∆H = +1740 kJ [1] - C5H12(l) + 8O2(g) → 5CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) ∆H=3230
m6 : CH3(g) → C(g) + 3H(g) ∆H = +1305 kJ [1] m14 : manipulation of equation [1]
m7 : HBr (g) → H(g) + Br (g) ∆H = +389 kJ [1] m15 : calculation [1]
m8 : manipulating equations [1] - C5H8 (g) → 5C (s) + 4H2 (g) ∆H = -162.0 kJ
m9 : calculation [1] - 6H2(g) + 3O2 (g) → 6H2O (l) ∆H = -1716 kJ
CH4(g) →C(g) + 4H(g) ∆H = +1740 kJ - 5C (s) + 5O2 (g) → 5CO2 (g) ∆H = -1970 kJ
C (g) + 3 H (g) → CH3 (g) ∆H =  1305 kJ - 5CO2(g) + 6H2O(l) → C5H12 (l) + 8O2(g) ∆H = +3230 kJ
C5H8 (g) + 2H2 (g) → C5H12 (l)
H (g) + Br (g) → HBr (g) ∆H =  389 kJ
m16 : Answer : ∆H = - 618.0 kJ mol-1 [1]
CH4 (g) + Br (g) → CH3 (g) + HBr(g)
ΔH f = ΔH LE + [2 x ΔH atom Na + ΔHatom O +
  
2x
6. (a) m1 – m6 : Born Haber Cycle
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
Energy / kJ ΔH1st IE Na + ΔH1st EA O + ΔH2nd EA O]
m7 : ΔHLE = (–416) – [2(+109) + (+249) + 2(494)
2 Na+ (g) + O2- (g)
+ (–141)+(+844)] [1]
H1st EA of O (g) m8 : = –2574 kJ mol-1 [1]
2 Na (g) + O (g) + 2 e- + H2nd EA of O- (g)
+ m9 : (b) S2- has greater ionic radius than O2- [1]
m10 : Since LE  Qn+ Qn- / r+ + r- [1]
Hatom of O (g) m11 : Na2S has lower lattice energy than Na2O [1]
2 Na+ (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) + 2 e- m12 : (c) Na : 1s22s22p63s1 [1]
m13 : 1st IE is low since e- is removed from 3s orbital at
2 x H1st IE of Na (g) the outermost shell [1]
HLE of Na2O (s) m14 : 2nd e- is removed from an inner shell with octet
2 Na (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) configuration [1]
m15 : Na+ has higher effective nuclear charge [1]
2 x Hatom of Na (s)
2 Na (s) + 1/2 O2 (g)

Hf of Na2O (s)

Na2O (s)

CHAPTER 2 : ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ELECTROLYSIS

Section A - Objective Questions
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. C
21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B
31. D 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. B 37. D 38. A 39. C 40. B
Section B - Structure Questions
1 (a) Fe2+ < V2+ < Cr2+ [1] 4.(a) Cu2+ + Sn → Cu + Sn2+ [1]
(b) - Fe3+ [1] (b) E0cell = E0red  E0oxi / E0cell = (+0.34)  ( 0.14) [1]
- Since the E0 value is the most positive [1] 0.059 [Sn 2 ] [1]
(c) - yellow solution turn green [1] E cell  E 0cell  lg
- 2 [Cu 2 ]
- as Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+,Cr2+ is oxidised to Cr3+ [1]
- E0cell = (+0.77)  (0.41) = +1.11V 0.059 [Sn 2 ] [1]
[1]  0.71   0.48  lg
(d) - V3+ is more stable than V2+ [1] 2 1 .0
- as E0 value is negative, equilibrium favour to left [1] [Sn2+] = 1.6 x 10-8 mol dm-3 [1]
(c) - As [Cu2+] increase, equilibrium shift to right [1]
2. (a) - Pb (s) + 2 H (aq) → H2 (g) + Pb (aq)
+ 2+
[1]
- Increase the Ecell value [1]
(b) E0cell = E0red  E0oxi @ +0.14 = 0  E0Pb2+/Pb [1]
- E0Pb2+/Pb =  0.14 V [1] 5. (a) Lithium act as anode of cell [1]
(c) - concentration of Pb2+ at anode increased [1] - lithium cobaltate(LiCoO2) act as cathode [1]
- concentration of H+ at cathode decreased [1] - Equation : Li + CoO2  LiCoO2 [1]
(d) - complete labelled half cell of Pb2+ / Pb [1] (b) E0cell = Ecathode - Eanode @ +0.40 - (-3.05) [1]
- complete labelled half cell H+ / H2 [1] = + 3.45 V (insist + and unit) [1]
- complete circuit [1] (c) light weight/rechargeable/high voltage (any 2) [2]

6.(a) Anode : 2 Cl- (l)  Cl2 (g) + 2e- [1]

Cathode : Sr2+ (l) + 2e-  Sr (s) [1]
(b) prevent air to fill in the space [1]
(c) Q = It ; Q = 4.50 x 60.0(60) @ 16200 [1]
- mol e- = 16200 / 96500 @ 0.168 mol e- [1]
Since 2 mol e- = 1 mol Sr ; mol of Sr = 0.0839
3. (a) - cathode : O2 + 2 H2O+ 4 e- → 4 OH- [1] - mass of Sr = 0.0839 x 87.6 = 7.35 g (3 s.f.) [1]
- anode : H2 + 2 OH- → 2 H2O + 2 e- [1] d) Strontium is electropositive / water is discharged as its
- overall : 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O [1] E0 value is less negative [1]
(b) - E0cell = E0red  E0oxi @ E0cell = +0.40  (0.83) [1]
- E0cell = +1.23 V [1]
(c) - Energy produced is clean [1]
- Product formed is harmless [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
7. Cathode half cell ; anode half cell ; e- flow [3] (c) E0cell = Ecat – Eano @ +0.74 – (-0.68) [1]
= + 1.42 V [1]
(d) Ni(s) I Ni(OH)2 (s), NiO(OH) (s) II
Cd(OH)2 (s) I Cd (s) [1]
Nickel voltmeter Cadmium
Cathode
8.(a)i. E0cell = E0cat – E0ano @ 0.76 = +0.34 – E0ano [1]
Anode
= –0.42V [1]
Salt bridge
KOH (saturated
ii. draw arrow from M2+/M to Cu2+ / Cu [1]
KOH 2+
-3
1.0 mol dm ) KCl) iii. M(s) | M (aq) II Cu2+ (aq) | Cu (s) [1]
(1.0 mol dm-3),
250C (b) i. M corroded in Cu2+ / blue solution faded [1]
250C
- M + Cu  M + Cu
2+ 2+
[1]
ii. effervescence (bubbling) occur [1]
(b) Cd(OH)2 + Ni(OH)2  Cd + NiO(OH) + H2O [1]
- M + 2H+  M2+ + H2 [1]
Section C - Essay Questions
1.(a) m1 : K2SO4 (aq) contain K+, SO42-, H2O [1] (b) m7: Aqueous AgNO3 contain Ag+, NO3–, H2O while
m2 : ½equation anode : 2H2O → 4H+ + O2 + 4e- [1] Zn(NO3)2 contain Zn2+, NO3–, H2O [1]
m3: ½equation cathode : 2H2O+ 2e- →H2 + 2OH- [1] m8 : Cu(NO3)2 produce Cu (cathode) and O2 (anode) [1]
m4 : Q = It ; Q = 1.50 x (40.0 x 60) @ 3600C [1] m9 :Copper deposited at cathode EoAg+/Ag (+0.80V) is
m5 : mol e- = 3600/96500 ; mol e- = 0.03731 mol [1] more positive than EoH2O (-0.83V) [1]
at anode ; mol O2 = 0.03731 / 4 = 0.009326 m10 : Cathode : Ag2+ + e– → Ag [1]
m6 : V O2 = 0.009326 x 24.4 dm3 @ 0.2276 dm3 [1] m11: Electrolysis of Zn(NO3)2 produce hydrogen
at cathode ; mol of H2 = 0.03731 / 2 = 0.01865 (cathode) and oxygen (anode) [1]
m7 : V H2 = 0.01865 x 24.4 dm3 @ 0.4551 dm3 [1] m12 : Hydrogen deposited at cathode since EoH2O is less
m8 : Total V gas = 0.2276 + 0.4551 = 0.6827 dm3 [1] negative than EoZn2+/Zn [1]
(b) m9 : NO3– / HNO3 oxides or is reduced to NO [1] m13 : Cathode : 2 H2O + 2e– → H2 + 2OH– [1]
m10 : Au is oxidised to Au3+ [1] m14 : At anode, O2 produce since EoH2O (+1.23V) is more
m11 : Au3+ ion forms complex ion [1] negative than EoNO3- [1]
m12 : which is dissolve / soluble [1] m15 : Anode : 2 H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e- [1]
ii. m13 : mol Au = mol NO = 48.8/24400 @ 0.002 [1]
4.(a) m1 : Connecting the Pb4+/Pb2+ half-cell to the
m14 : mass Au = 0.002 x 197 [1] m15 : = 0.394 g [1]
standard hydrogen electrode via salt bridge [1]
2. (a) i. m1 : H2O2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- ↔ 2 H2O E0 = + 1.77 V m2 : Diagram + label: Half-cell; Zn2+/Zn [1]
Sn2+ ↔ Sn4+ + 2 e- E0 =  0.37 V [1] m3 : Diagram + label: Half-cell; H+ / H2 [1]
m2 : H2O2 + 2 H + Sn ↔ Sn + 2 H2O
+ 2+ 4+
[1]
m3 : E0cell = + 2.14 V [1]
m4 : Since E 0cell positive, reaction spontaneous [1]
ii. m5 : Find both half equations [1]
Cr2O72- +14H+ + 6e- ↔2Cr 3+ + 7H2O E0 = +1.33 V
Cl2 + 2H2O ↔ 2 HOCl + 2H + + 2e- E0 = - 1.63 V
m6:Cr2O72-+ 3Cl2 +8H+ ↔ 6HOCl + H2O + 2Cr3+[1]
m7 : E0cell = 0.30 V [1] m4 : Anode : H2 → 2H+ + 2e-
m8 : E0cell negative, reaction is non-spontaneous [1] Cathode : Pb4+ + 2e- → Pb2+ [1]
(b) m9 : K and Ca are reducing agents. [1] m5 : Overall : Pb4+ + H2 → 2H+ + Pb2+ [1]
m10 : Cl2 is an oxidising agent. [1] m6 : E0cell = 0.00 + 1.69 V [1]
m11 : Equation K → K+ + e– / Ca → Ca2+ + 2 e– [1] m7 : E0cell = + 1.69 V [1]
m12 : K is stronger reducing agent compared Ca [1] iii. m8 : 0.059 [Pb 2  ][ H  ] 2 [1]
m13 : Since E0 of K is more negative than Ca [1] E  E0  lg
2 [Pb 4  ]( PH 2 )
m14 : Equation Cl2 (g) + 2 e– → 2 Cl– [1]
m15 : Positive Eθ value shows that chlorine is an 0.059 (1.0)(0.316) 2 [1]
0   0.15  lg
oxidising agent [1] 2 (1.0  10  4 )( PH 2 )
m9 :
3. 3.(a) m1 : Connecting the Zn2+/Zn half-cell to the m10 : PH2 = 8.5 x 10-3 Pa [1]
standard hydrogen electrode via salt bridge (KCl) [1] (b) m11 : Humid air contains H+ ions / is acidic [1]
m2 : Diagram + label: Half-cell; Zn2+/Zn [1] m12 : O2 + 4 H+ + 2 Sn→2 H2O + 2 Sn2+ [1]
m3 : Diagram + label: Half-cell; H+ / H2 [1] m13 : Ecell = + 1.37 V [1]
m4 : Electrode potential for SHE is defined as 0.00V [1] m14 : Since E is positive, reaction is spontaneous [1]
m5 : Voltmeter reading of E° Zn2+/Zn. [1] m15 : Tin react with acidic air to oxidise to Sn2+ [1]
m6 : "0.76V" indicates Zn is negative electrode [1]
5. Anode half cell ; cathode half cell ; salt bridge [3]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
m4 : Overall : Zn + Cu2+  Zn2+ + Cu [1] m4 : since Ag+ + e-  Ag [1]
b) m5 : E0cell = (+0.34) – (-0.76) [1] m5 : mol e- = 0.05472 mol [1]
m6 : = + 1.10 V [1] m6 : F = Q / e @ 5280 / 0.05472 [1]
m7 : E  E 0  0.059 lg [Zn 2  ] m8 : 0.059 0.20 [2] m7 : NA = F / charge e- @ 96487 / 1.60 x 10-19 [1]
E cell   1.10  lg
[Cu 2  ] = 6.03 x 1023
cell cell
2 2 0.20 m8 : [1]
m9 : + 1.10 V m9 – 10 : b) i. diagram of fuel cell
b) i. m10 : form [Cu(NH3)4]2+ complex [1]
m11 : concentration of Cu2+ decrease [1]
m12 : e.m.f. decrease [1]
ii. m13 : form [Zn(NH3)4]2+ complex [1]
m14 : concentration of Zn2+ decrease [1] m11 : ii. Cathode : O2 + 2 H2O + 4e-  4 OH- [1]
m15 : e.m.f. increase [1]
m12 : anode : 2 OH- + H2  2 H2O + 2 e- [1]
6. (a) m1 : Q = It @ Q = (1.10)(80.0 x 60) [1] m13 : overall : 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O [1]
m2 : Q = 5280 C [1] m14 : E0cell = + 0.40 V – (– 0.83 V) [1]
m3 : mol Ag = 5.91 / 108 [1] m15 : = + 1.23 V [1]

CHAPTER 3 : PERIODIC TABLE - PERIODICITY

Section A - Objective Questions
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. A
11. C 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. B 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. A
21. C 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. C
31. C 32. D 33. D 34. D 35. D 36. C 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B

Section B - Structure Questions

1. (a) Sodium : Basic [1] Chlorine : acidic [1] 5. (a) i. - Al has more valance electrons than Na [1]
(b) - hydrogen gas [1] - Al can delocalised more electrons than Na [1]
- 2 Na + 2 H2O  2 NaOH + H2 [1] ii. - AlCl3 are simple covalent molecules [1]
(c) - i. oxidation and reduction occur on the same - hold by weak Van Der Waals forces [1]
substance. [1] (b) i. - substance that can act as acid and as base [1]
ii. Cl2 + H2O  HCl + HOCl [1] ii. - Al2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O [1]
iii. 0 to -1 and 0 to +1 [1] - Al2O3 + 2 NaOH + 3 H2O → 2 NaAl(OH)4 [1]
2. (a)-atomic radius decrease from lithium to neon [1] 6. (a) i. - Q is located in Period 3 and Group 16 [1]
- as nuclear charge increase, while screening effect remain - as there's large energy gaps between 6th and 7th
almost constant [1] ionisation energy / energy increased greater than expected
- effective nuclear charge increase [1] when 7th electron is removed [1]
(b) - carbon has highest boiling point [1] ii. - Q : 1s22s22p63s23p4 [1]
- as C has giant covalent structure [1] (b) as e- are removed, screening effect decrease [1]
- neon has the lowest boiling point [1] - increased the effective nuclear charge [1]
- as Ne is monoatomic gas hold by weak Van Der Waals (c) i. - Q + 2 e- → Q2- [1]
forces [1] ii. - Q- has larger ionic radius than Q [1]
- as screening effect increased as electrons occupied
3.(a) - 1s22s22p63s23p64s1 [1]
completely / octet arrangement in 3s 3p orbitals [1]
(b) - K (g) → K+ (g) + e- [1]
(c) - 3s and 3p [1] 7. (a) i. SiO2 [1] P 4O6 or SO2 [1]
(d) - as atomic radius decrease down Group 1 [1] ii. Al2O3 or SiO2 [1]
- it increased the screening effect as more shells [1] (b) i. Si has giant covalent structure [1]
- effective nuclear charge decreased down Group [1] ii. S exist as S8 ; P exist as P4 ; Cl exist as Cl2 [1]
(e) - as e- removed, screening effect decreased as number - molecular mass / size increased [1]
of shell decreased. [1] - strength of weak Van Der Waals forces increase [1]
- effective nuclear charge increased significantly [1]
8. (a) i. - Since nuclear charge increase while screening
4. (a) Atomic radius increase from F < O < Na [1] effect remain almost constant [1]
- Na has greater screening effect than F and O [1] - effective nuclear charge increased [1]
- effective nuclear charge of F is greater than O [1] ii. - as e- is added screening effect increased [1]
(b) i. - particles with the same number of electrons[1] - effective nuclear charge decreased [1]
ii. ionic radius O2- > F- > Na+ [1] (b) i. - Mg : 3s2 while Al is 3s23p1 [1]
- screening effect of these ions are the same as they are - partial filled 3p orbital of Al which is less stable [1]
isoelectronic [1] ii. - P : 3s23p3 while S is 3s23p4 [1]
- effective nuclear charge increase with proton number [1] - half filled 3p orbital of P has extra stability [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
Section C - Essay Questions
1 (a) m1: Mg, Al, Si, P and S are solids under r.t.p [1] (c) m12 : mol BaSO4 = 2.047/233.1 @ 8.78 x 10-3 [1]
m2 : Mg and Al are hold by metallic bond [1] m13 : mol of Al2(SO4)3 = 1/3 x 8.78 x 10-3
m3 : Al has more valance electrons than Mg [1] @ 2.93 x 10-3 mol [1]
m4 : Al can delocalised more e- than Mg hence has m14 : mass of Al2(SO4)3 = (2.93 x 10-3 x 342.3) g
greater metallic bond strength [1] @ 1.002 g [1]
m5 : Si are giant covalent structure [1] m15 : % of Al2(SO4)3 = 1.002 / 5.000 = 20.0% [1]
m6 : each Si is covalently bonded to 4 other silicon atom
4.(a) Each equation [1] x 5
via sp3 hybridisation [1]
m1 : 4 Na + O2 → Na2O or 2 Na + O2 → Na2O2 [1]
m7 : phosphorous exist as P4 ; sulphur as S8 [1]
m2 : 2 Mg + O2 → 2 MgO [1]
m8 : both are simple covalent molecule hold by weak Van
m3 : 4 Al + 3 O2 → 2 Al2O3 [1]
Der Waals forces [1]
m4 : Si + O2 → SiO2 [1]
m9 : S8 has greater molecular mass / size than P4 [1]
m5 : P4 + 3O2 → P4O6 or P4 + 5O2 → P4O10 [1]
m10 : strength of weak Van Der Waals forces is greater in
m6 : Na2O + H2O → 2 NaOH or
S8 than P4 [1]
or Na2O2 + 2 H2O → 2 NaOH + H2O2 [1]
(b) i. m11: 2Al + 2NaOH + 6H2O →
m7 : pH 13 - 14 [1]
2NaAl(OH)4 + 3H2 [1]
m8 : MgO + H2O ↔ Mg(OH)2 [1]
ii. m12 : mol of H2 produced, PV = nRT @
m9 : pH 8 - 10 [1]
n = (1.01 x 105)(1.00 x 10-3)/(8.31)(298) [1]
m10 : Al2O3 and SiO2 are insoluble in water [1]
m13 : mol of Al = 2/3 x (0.0408) @ 0.0272 mol [1]
m11 : P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO3
m14 : mass of Al = (0.0272 x 27.0) g @ 0.734 g [1]
or P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 H3PO3 [1]
m15 : % Al = (0.734 / 1.00) x 100% = 73.4 % [1]
m12 : pH = 1 - 4 [1]
2.(a) m1 : ∆Hvap is the heat/energy required/absorbed to (b) i. m13 : Na2O2 + CO2 → 1/2 O2 + Na2CO3 [1]
change 1 mol of substance from liquid to gas [1] ii. m14 : mol of CO2 = (600 x 8) / 24.4 @ 196.7 [1]
m2 : Li is hold by metallic bond [1] since 1 mol CO2 = 1 mol Na2O2
m3 : where e- are delocalised from Li metal [1] m15 : mass Na2O2 = 196.7 x [2(23.0) + 2(16.0)] [1]
m4 : N2 and F2 are simple covalent molecules [1] m16 : = 15.3 kg [1]
m5 : not much difference between the forces [1]
5. (a) m1 : with Na, H2 act as oxidising agent [1]
(b) m6 : Na2O, MgO & Al2O3 have giant ionic lattice
m2 : 2 Na + H2  2 NaH [1]
structure which are hold by ionic bond [1]
m3 : with Cl2, H2 act as reducing agent [1]
m7 : Na+ has lower charge and larger ionic radius than
m4 : H2 + Cl2  2 HCl [1]
Mg2+ or Al3+ [1]
(b) m5 : air contain majorly nitrogen and oxygen [1]
m8 : Al3+ has higher charge density/covalent character
m6 : A is magnesium oxide (MgO) [1]
than Mg2+ [1]
m7 : B is magnesium nitride (Mg3N2) [1]
m9 : SiO2 is held by giant covalent structure [1]
m8 : A dissolve in water to form Mg(OH)2 [1]
m10 : P4O10 and SO3 have simple covalent structures hold
m9 : MgO + H2O  Mg(OH)2 [1]
by weak Van Der Waal forces [1]
m10 : which is a white precipitate [1]
m11 : Since P4O10 has greater molecular size / mass than
m11 : pungent smell is ammonia [1]
SO3 hence stronger Van Der Waals force [1]
m12 : Mg3N2 + 6 H2O  3 Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH3 [1]
(c) m12 : Al2O3 is an amphoteric oxide [1]
(c) m13 : D is from Period 3 and Group 2 [1]
m13 : since it is an ionic compound with covalent
m14 : due to the large energy gaps between 2 nd and 3rd
characteristic [1]
ionisation energy [1]
m14 : Al2O3 + 6 HCl → 2 AlCl3 + 3 H2O [1]
m15 : e- is extracted from inner shell [1]
or - Al2O3 + 6 H+ → 2 Al3+ + 3 H2O
m15 : Al2O3 + 2 NaOH + 3 H2O → 2 NaAl(OH)4 [1] 6. (a) m1 : Na : 3s1 while Mg is 3s2 [1]
or - Al2O3 + 2 OH- + 3 H2O → 2 [Al(OH)4]- m2 : Since Mg has more valence electron than Na [1]
m3 : Mg has more delocalised electron than Na [1]
3. (a) m1 - m2 : axis [1] curve [1] [2]
m4 : Mg has higher metallic bond strength [1]
(b) m5 : Na + 2 H2O  2 NaOH + H2 [1]
m6 : Mg + 2 H2O  Mg(OH)2 + H2 [1]
m7 : Na is more reactive than Mg since it is more
electropositive / stronger reducing agent [1]
m8 : NaOH is more basic than Mg(OH)2 [1]
m9 : Mg(OH)2 is sparingly soluble in water [1]
ii. m3 : All ions are isoelectronic/same no of e- [1]
(c) m10 : 2 Na + O2  Na2O2 [1]
m4 : hence same screening effect [1]
m11 : 2 Mg + O2  2 MgO [1]
m5 : effective nuclear charge increases. [1]
(b) m6 : Na, Mg and Al have metallic bond [1] m12 : Na2O2 + 2 H2O  2 NaOH + H2O2 [1]
m7-8 : valance e- Na 3s1 ; Mg 3s2 ; Al 3s23p1 [2] m13 : MgO + H2O (g)  Mg(OH)2 [1]
m9 : electrons are delocalised from 3s for Na and Mg and m14 : Na2O2 dissolve water hydrogen peroxide [1]
3s and 3p orbital for Al [1] m15 : MgO react with steam to form Mg(OH)2 [1]
m10 : no of e- delocalise increased Na<Mg<Al [1]
m11: electrical conductivity increase Na<Mg<Al [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
CHAPTER 4 : GROUP 2
Section A - Objective Questions
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. D 8. B 9. B 10. B
11. D 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. B 16. A 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. B
21. C 22. D 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. D 29. B 30. B
31. D 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. D 36. D 37. B 38. B 39. A 40. D
Section B - Structure Questions
1. (a) 2 Mg(NO3)2 → 2 MgO + 4NO2 + O2 [1] 5. (a) i. CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 [1]
(b) - since Mg2+ has smaller ionic radius than Ba2+ [1] ii. CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 [1]
- Mg2+ has higher charge density / polarising power than (b) limestone : use as mortar and cement [1]
Ba2+ [1] Slaked lime : to reduce acidity of soil [1]
- Mg2+ distort electron cloud of NO3- easily [1] (c) - size of cation increase down Group 2 [1]
(c) - each column filled [1] x 4 [4] - caused charge density / polarising power to decrease
Observation pH down Group 2 [1]
MgO is sparingly soluble in water 8-10 - less distort the electron cloud of CO 32- hence increase
BaO is soluble in water 12-14 the stability [1]

2. (a) A : BaCl2 [1] B : BaCO3 [1] 6 (a) - valence electrons are ns2 [1]
C : BaO [1] D : Ba(OH)2 [1] E : BaSO4 [1] - with low ionisation energy [1]
(b) BaO : crowning in glass/coating in hot cathode [1] (b) - At anode : 2 Br- → Br2 + 2e- [1]
BaSO4 : barium meal in scanning of X-ray [1] - At cathode : Ra2+ + 2e- → Ra [1]
(c) i. - Ra (s) + 2 H2O (l) → Ra(OH)2 + H2 [1]
3.(a) i. draw face center cubic [1] ii. - effervescence occur [1]
- with Mg2+ and O2- alternating [1] - mixture ignites under room temperature [1]
ii. high melting point [1] iii. 13 - 14 [1]
iii. - lining refractory furnace /
insulating case in electrical cable / 7. (a) - screening effect increased as more shells [1]
fireproof ingredient for construction - effective nuclear charge decreased [1]
material (any two) [2] (b) Line A is atomic radius ; B is ionic radius [1]
(b) i. - carbon dioxide and water vapour [1] - ions have lesser screening effect than atom [1]
ii. - CaO + CO2 → CaCO3 [1] (c) – sketch decreasing curve [1]
- CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2 [1] - metallic bond strength decreased [1]
- as metallic radius increased [1]
4. (a) i. - nitrogen has short and strong triple bond [1]
ii. Calculate mol of Mg and N [1] 8 (a)i. - since Mg has higher effective nuclear charge
Mg (24.3) N(14.0) than Ca [1]
Mass 72 28 - as screening effect of Ca is greater than Mg [1]
Mol 72 / 24.3 28 / 14 ii. Sr + 2 H2O  Sr(OH)2 + H2 [1]
= 2.96 =2 iii. - Sr(OH)2 is more alkaline than Ca(OH)2 [1]
Ratio 2.96 / 2 = 1.5 2/2=1 - since Sr(OH)2 is more soluble hence dissociate
- empirical formula : Mg3N2 [1] completely in water [1]
iii. - white suspension : magnesium hydroxide [1] iv. – bubbling / effervescence occur. Gas released turned
- Mg3N2 + 6 H2O → 3 Mg(OH)2 + 2 NH3 [1] lime water chalky [1]
(b)-MgSO4 treat constipation / low blood pressure [1] - MgCO3 + H2SO4  MgSO4 + H2O + CO2 [1]
- CaSO4 : plaster of paris [1]

Section C - Essay Questions

1. (a) m1 : reactivity of Group 2 metal with oxygen and m9 : Ca / Sr / Ba react with water to form metal
water increase down Group 2 [1] hydroxide, M(OH)2 [1]
m2 : Be / Mg / Ca / Sr burn with oxygen to form metal m10 : M + 2 H2O → M(OH)2 + H2 [1]
oxide MO [1] (b) m12 : - Q(OH)2. nH2O  Q(OH)2 + nH2O [1]
m3 : 2 M + O2 → 2 MO [1] l.000 g 0.458 g 0.542 g [1]
m4 : Ba burn with oxygen to form BaO2 [1] m13 : mol of Q(OH)2 = mol of H2O = 0.003 78 mol
m5 : Ba + O2 → BaO2 [1] m14 : MR of Q(OH)2 = 0.458 / 0.00378 @ 121.2
m6 : Be does not react with water since it is coated by an x + 2(16+ 1) = 121.2
oxide layer [1] m15 : x = (121.2-34) = 87.2 [1]
m7 : magnesium react with steam to form magnesium m16 : Hence, metal Q= barium [1]
oxide and hydrogen gas released [1]
m8 : Mg + H2O → MgO + H2 [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
2. (a) m1 : SrCO3 is more stable than BeCO3 [1] m8 : AlCl3 + 6 H2O → [Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3 Cl- [1]
m2 : MCO3 → MO + CO2 [1] m9 : both [Be(H2O)4]2+ and [Al(H2O)6]3+ undergoes
m3 : Size of Mg2+ ion is smaller than Ba2+ ion [1] hydrolysis in water to form acidic solution [1]
m4 : Mg2+ ion has higher charge density [1] m10 : [Be(H2O)4]2+ + H2O → [Be(OH)(H2O)3]- + H3O+[1]
m5 : and higher polarising power [1] m11 :[Al(H2O)6]3+ + H2O → [Al(OH)(H2O)5]- + H3O+[1]
m6 : CO32- easily distorted by small Mg2+ [1] (b) m12 : BeO an amphoteric oxide since it is an ionic
m7 : This weakens the C-O bond in the CO32- [1] compound with covalent characteristic [1]
m8 : MgO is more stable than BaO [1] m13 : as Be2+ has high charge, small ionic radius [1]
(b)m9: Solubility of Group 2 sulphate decrease down the m14 : BeO + 2 HCl → BeCl2 + H2O [1]
Group [1] or - BeO + 2 H+ → Be2+ + 3 H2O
m10 : Hsoln = Hhyd - HLE [1] m15 : BeO + 2 NaOH + H2O → 2 NaBe(OH)4 [1]
m11 : The more negative the Hsoln the more soluble the or - BeO + 2 OH- + H2O → 2 [Be(OH)4]-
salt [1] 5. a) m1,m2 : Lewis structure of BeCl2 and MgCl2 [2]
m12 : Size of Group 2 ion increased [1]
m13 : Both Hhyd and HLE decreased down Group 2
sulphate [1]
m14 : Hhyd is more significant than HLE [1]
m15 : Since the size of SO42- ion is large [1] m3 : BeCl2 is a simple covalent molecule [1]
m4 : hold by weak Van Der Waals forces [1]
3. (a) m1 : First ionisation energy decreased when going m5 : MgCl2 is an ionic compound [1]
down Group 2 [1] m6 : hold by strong electrostatic forces of attraction
m2 : atomic radius increased down the Group [1] b) m7 : BeO has higher melting point than MgO [1]
m3 : as screening effect increase with the number of shells m8 : As ionic radius of Be2+ is smaller than Mg2+ [1]
occupied [1] m9 : lattice energy of BeO is higher than MgO [1]
m4 : effective nuclear charge decrease [1] m10 : BeO is amphoteric [1]
(b) m5 : melting point generally decrease [1] m11 : MgO is basic [1]
m6 : Group 2 are hold by strong metallic bond [1] m12 : BeO/MgO + 2 HCl  BeCl2/MgCl2 + H2O [1]
m7 : metallic bond strength decrease as metallic radius m13 : BeO + 2 NaOH + H2O  Na2Be(OH)4 [1]
increased [1] m14 : BeO is insoluble in water [1]
(c) m8 : reactivity of Group 2 metal with oxygen increase m15 : MgO is sparingly soluble in water [1]
down Group 2 [1] 6. (a) m1 : melting point increase Ba < Ca < Be [1]
m9: as the electrode potential of metal become more m2 : metallic radius decrease from Ba < Ca < Be [1]
negative / stronger reducing agent [1] m3 : metallic bond increase Ba < Ca < Be [1]
m10 : Be / Mg / Ca / Sr burn with oxygen to form metal (b) m4 : Be does not react with water [1]
oxide MO [1] m5 : due to oxide layer out of Be [1]
m11 : 2 M + O2 → 2 MO [1] m6 : Ca dissolve slowly in water to form a cloudy solution
m12 : BeO does not dissolve in water [1] of Ca(OH)2 [1]
m13 : MgO and CaO dissolve sparingly in water [1]
m7 : Ca + 2 H2O  Ca(OH)2 + H2 [1]
m14 : Ba burn with oxygen to form BaO2 @
m8 : Ba dissolve completely in cold water to form a clear
Ba + O2 → BaO2 [1]
solution [1]
m15 : BaO2 form barium hydroxide and hydrogen
(c) m9 : basicity increase from Be(OH)2 < Ca(OH)2 <
peroxide @ BaO2 + 2 H2O → Ba(OH)2 + H2O2 [1]
Ba(OH)2 [1]
m10 : Be(OH)2 is amphoteric hydroxide [1]
4.(a) i. m1 - m4 : Draw each structure [1] x 4 [4]
m11 : Be(OH)2 + 2 H+  Be2+ + 2 H2O [1]
m12 : Be(OH)2 + 2 OH-  Be(OH)42- [1]
m13 : Be(OH)2 it is an ionic compound with high covalent
characteristic [1]
m14 : due to the high charge and small Be2+ ion [1]
m15 : Ca(OH)2 and Ba(OH)2 are basic [1]

ii. m5 : BeCl2 and AlCl3 both dissolve in water to form

hydrated salt [Be(H2O)4]2+ and [Al(H2O)6]3+ [1]
m6 : since both Be2+ and Al3+ has small ionic radius and
high charge / high charge density [1]
m7 : BeCl2 + 4 H2O → [Be(H2O)4]2+ + 2 Cl- [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
CHAPTER 5 : GROUP 14
Section A - Objective Questions
1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. D 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. B
21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. D 26. D 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. B
31. C 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. A
Section B - Structure Questions
1.(a) - tetrahedral [1] (b) - insoluble in water / non-toxic / stable to heat / stable
to chemical substance (any two) [2]
(c) - O from silicone form hydrogen bond with fabric [1]
[1] - silicon contain hydrophobic alkyl group [1]
(b) i. - SiCl4 + 2 H2O → SiO2 + 4 HCl [1] - form ‘barrier’ to repel water [1]
ii. - since C does not have empty d-orbitals [1]
6. (a) i. SiO32- [1]
- to allow water form dative bond to center atom [1]
ii. - three basic silicate unit joined together [1]
(c) i. - PbCl4 [1]
- each Si share two oxygen atom to form a cycle [1]
ii. PbCl4 → PbCl2 + Cl2. [1]
iii. - cyclosilicate / ring silicate [1]
2. (a) i.- Ge + 2 Cl2 → GeCl4 [1] (b) i. - silicate sheets [1]
ii. - GeCl4 is a simple covalent molecule [1] ii. - when 3 corners of the SiO44- unit are shared by 3 other
- hold by weak Van Der Waals' forces [1] oxygen atom [1]
(b) i. - GeCl4 + 2 H2 → Ge + 4 HCl [1] - form a 2-dimensional sheet [1]
ii. - white fume is released [1] iii. mica / talcum / kaolin [1]
iii. - by doping with phosphorous / boron [1] 7. each graph [1] x 3
- by increasing temperature [1]
- C, Si and Ge are giant covalent
3. (a) i. - PbO + 2 HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2O [1] molecule [1]
ii. - basic oxide [1] - Sn and Pb are metallic bond [1]
iii. - PbO2 + 4 HCl → PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O [1]
- effective nuclear charge decrease
iv. - +4 → +2 [1]
as screening effect increase [1]
v. - oxidising agent [1]
- Pb has ineffective screening of 4f
vi. - Pb2+ is more stable than Pb4+ [1]
orbital [1]
- due to inert pair effect in lead [1]
- C is insulator, Si and Ge are
4. (a) i. sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) / calcium silicate semiconductor, Sn and Pb are
(CaSiO3) [1] conductor. [1]
- SiO2 + Na2CO3 → Na2SiO3 + CO2 or
SiO2 + CaCO3 → CaSiO3 + CO2 [1]
ii. - chemical inert / low heat expansion / low melting
point (any two) [1] 8. (a) i. CO2 is a simple covalent molecule [1]
(b) i. - boron silicate [ B2(SiO3)3 ] [1] - hold by weak Van der Waals’ forces [1]
- 3 SiO2 + B2O3 → B2(SiO3)3 [1] ii. SnO2 is an ionic compound [1]
ii. glassware in science laboratory / glass kettle [1] - hold by strong electrostatic attraction forces in a giant
ionic crystal lattice [1]
5. (a) - draw structure with 3 repeating unit [2] (b) i. CO2 + 2 NaOH  Na2CO3 + H2O [1]
- SnO2 + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O  Na2Sn(OH)6 [1]
ii. CO2 does not react with HCl since its acidic [1]
- SnO2 + 4 HCl  SnCl4 + 2 H2O [1]
Section C - Essay Questions

1. (a) m1 : atomic radius increased down Group [1] m14 : Si and Ge are semiconductors with a small energy
m2 : number of shell / screening effect increased [1] gap between conduction and valence band [1]
(b) m3 : C, Si and Ge are giant covalent structure [1] m15 : Sn and Pb are conductors as they are metals that can
m4: atomic radius increase C < Si < Ge / bond length of delocalised electrons [1]
CC < SiSi < GeGe increase [1] 2.(a) m1 : General formula MO and MO2 [1]
m5 : melting point decrease from C < Si < Ge [1] m2 : When going down group 14, +2 oxidation state
m6 : Sn and Pb are hold by metallic bond [1] getting more stable / +4 getting more unstable [1]
(c) m7 : ionisation energy generally decrease [1] m3 : CO2 is more stable than CO [1]
m8 : as atomic radius increased down Group [1] m4 : Valance electronic configuration: ns2np2 [1]
m9 : effective nuclear charge increase [1] m5 : In +4 oxidation state. Group 14 elements are bonded
m10 : ionisation energy of Pb is higher than Sn [1] to O by covalent bond [1]
m11 : due to ineffective shielding of 4f orbitals [1] m6 : Strength of covalent bond weaker as atomic size
(d) m12 : Conductivity increased down Group 14 [1] increase [1]
m13 : Cdiamond is an insulator / there is no electron m7 : +2 oxidation state changes from covalent to ionic [1]
delocalised by C [1] m8 : Pb2+ has stable 6s2 due to inert pair effect [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
(b) m9 : CO and SiO are neutral oxide [1] m9 : bond length of C-C is shorter than Si-Si / bond
m10 : GeO, SnO and PbO are amphoteric [1] strength of C-C is stronger than Si-Si [1]
m11 : As base : MO + 2 H+ → M2+ + H2O [1] m10 : C undergoes sp3, sp2 and sp hybridisation [1]
m12 : As acid : PbO + 4OH- + H2O → [Pb(OH)6]4 @ PbO m11 : therefore form σ-bond and -bond [1]
+ 2 OH- + H2O → [Pb(OH)4]2- @ (c) m12 : C has no d orbitals @ cannot expand its octet /
MO + OH- + H2O → [M(OH)3]- [1] Sn and Pb, have d orbitals @ expand their octet [1]
m13 : CO2 and SiO2 are acid, [1] m13 : Accept lone pair electrons from ligand/Cl- [1]
m14 : SiO2 + 2 OH-  SiO32- + H2O [1] m14 : form coordinate/dative bond [1]
m15 : GeO2, SnO2 and PbO2 are amphoteric [1] m15 : form octahedral complex or diagram [1]
m16 : As acid : MO2 + 2 OH- + 2 H2O  M(OH)62- @
5. (a)(i) m1 : Lead has greater atomic mass [1]
MO2 + 2 OH-  MO32- + H2O [1]
m2 : lead is more close pack / face centered cubic [1]
m17 : As base : MO2 + 4 H+ M4+ + 2 H2O [1]
(ii) m3 : (a x 7.30) + [(100-a) x 11.3] / 100 = 9.70 [1]
m4 : a = 40% tin [1]
3.(a) m1 : Boiling point of MCl4 increased when going
m5 : 60% lead [1]
down Group 14 [1]
m2 : MCl4 are simple covalent molecule hold by weak (b) m6 : Pb4+ (aq) + 2e-  Pb2+ (aq) E0 = + 1.69V[1]
Van Der Waals forces [1] m7 : Sn4+ (aq) + 2e-  Sn2+ (aq) E0 = + 0.15 V [1]
m3 : as molecular mass / size increased [1] m8 : Since E0 value Pb4+/Pb2+ is more positive, therefore
m4 : strength of the weak intermolecular increased down Pb2+ is more stable [1]
the Group [1] m9 : while Sn2+ is less stable than Pb2+ [1]
(b) i. m5 : CCl4 does not dissolve in water / form two later m10 : as E0 value is less positive than Pb4+/Pb2+ [1]
with water [1] (c) m11 : PbCl4 decomposed / dissociate when heated
m6 : CCl4 does not undergoes hydrolysis since it does not gently [1]
have empty d-orbital [1] m12 : PbCl4  PbCl2 + Cl2 [1]
m7 : cannot allocate water via dative bond [1] m13 : Cl2 is passed by KI, displacement occur [1]
m8 : PbCl4 undergoes hydrolysis with water [1] m14 : 2 KI + Cl2  2 KCl + I2 [1]
m9 : white fume is formed from reaction [1] m15 : white solid is PbCl2 ; brown solution I2 (aq) [1]
m10 : PbCl4 + 2 H2O → PbO2 + 4 HCl [1] 6. (a) i. m1 : formula of dioxide, CO2 to PbO2 [1]
ii. m11 : CCl4 is thermally stable / does not decompose on m2 : Basicity increase from CO2 to PbO2 [1]
heating [1] m3 : as ionic character increase / covalent character
m12 : as C is more stable in +4 oxidation state [1] decreased [1]
m13 : when PbCl4 heated gently, yellow greenish gas is m4 : CO2 and SiO2 are acidic [1]
released [1] m5 : SiO2 + 2 OH-  SiO32- + H2O [1]
m14 : PbCl4 → PbCl2 + Cl2. [1] m6 : GeO2, SnO2 and PbO2 are amphoteric [1]
m15 : As Pb is more stable in +2 oxidation state [1] m7 : As acid : MO2 + 2 OH- + 2 H2O  M(OH)62- @
m16 : due to inert pair effect in Pb [1] MO2 + 2 OH-  MO32- + H2O [1]
4. (a) m1 : carbon exist as CO and CO2 / carbon monoxide m8 : As base : MO2 + 4 H+ M4+ + 2 H2O [1]
and carbon dioxide [1] ii. m9 : This is a redox reaction. [1]
m2 : CO is neutral [1] m10 : Lead(IV) oxide is an oxidising agent. [1]
m3 : CO is does not hydrolyse in water [1] m11 : Mn2+ is oxidised from +2 to +7 [1]
m4 : CO2 is acidic [1] m12 : The solution turns purple at the end of the reaction.
m5 : CO2 soluble in water [1] [1]
m6 : H2CO3 is a weak acid [1]
or m5 : CO2 dissolve in alkaline (NaOH) solution [1]
m6 : CO2 + 2 NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O [1]
(b) m7 : Catenation is the linking of like atoms via (b) m 13 : [1]
covalent bond [1] m14 ii. - talcum [1] m15 : used as powder [1]
m8 : atomic radius of C is smaller than Si [1] @ - kaolinite /mica [1] use in pottery, clay. [1]
CHAPTER 6 : GROUP 17
Section A - Objective Questions
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C
21. B 22. B 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. B
31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. B 39. C 40. C
Section B - Structure Questions
1. (a) i. - Cl2 + 2 KOH → KOCl + KCl + H2O [1] 2. (a) i. - 2 H2O + 2e- → 2 OH- + H2 [1]
ii. - 0 to +1 and 0 to 1 [1] ii. Na+ from NaCl react with OH- to form NaOH [1]
iii. - OCl- or KOCl [1] iii. to allow cation only to be attracted to cathode [1]
(b) i. - AgBr / silver bromide [1] iv. sodium chloride / sodium hypochlorite [1]
ii. - under the exposure of ultraviolet [1] - Cl2 + 2 NaOH → NaOCl + NaCl + H2O [1]
- AgBr decomposed to Ag and Br2 [1] (b) - Cl2 undergoes disproportionation in water [1]
- 2 AgBr → 2 Ag + Br2 [1] - Cl2 + H2O → HOCl + HCl [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
3.(a) i. intense yellow is caused by Br2 water [1] (b) - bromine gas / sulphur dioxide [1]
- Cl2 + 2e- → 2 Cl- E0 = + 1.36V - 2 HBr + H2SO4 → Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O [1]
2 Br → Br2 + 2e-
-
E0 = - 1.07 V [1] (c) - H3PO4 is weaker oxidising agent than H2SO4 [1]
- Cl2 + 2 Br- → Br2 + 2Cl- Ecell = + 0.29 V [1] - will not oxidised X- to X2 [1]
ii. bromine is non-polar molecule [1] - only gaseous product is formed / easily separate [1]
- dissolve better in non-polar organic solvent [1]
7.(a)(i) – heat absorbed when 1 mol of gaseous atom is
iii. 3 Br2 + 6OH- → BrO3- + 5 Br- + 3H2O [1]
formed from its element [1]
- Br- + H2SO4 → HBr + HSO4- [1]
- Under standard condition [1]
- 2 HBr + H2SO4 → 2 H2O + SO2 + Br2 [1]
(ii) – F2 is less endothermic than Cl2 since repulsion of
4. - Cl2 + H2O  HCl + HOCl [1] lone pair electrons in F2 caused the bond strength to be
ii. active ingredient : HOCl [1] weakened [1]
iii. Since 1 Cl2 produce 2 of acid (HCl and HOCl) - Br2 is more endothermic than I2 since Br has smaller
- mol of NaOH used = 2.00 x 10-3 mol [1] atomic radius than I2 / bond strength of Br-Br is greater
- mol = MV/1000 ; V = 2.00x10-3 (1000) / 0.0100 [1] than I-I [1]
volume = 200 cm3 [1] (b)(i) - as molecular mass / size increased from HCl < HBr
(b) i. under ultraviolet light [1] < HI [1]
ii. 2 HOCl → 2 HCl + O2 [1] - strength of weak Van Der Waals forces increased from
iii. 2 Cl2 + 2 H2O → 4 HCl + O2 [1] HCl < HBr < HI [1]
(ii) - HF is hold by strong hydrogen bond [1]
5. (a) - reddish brown liquid [1] - as F is more electronegative than Cl, Br and I [1]
(b) - both Cl2 and Br2 are simple covalent molecule hold
by weak Van Der Waals forces [1]
- Br2 has greater molecular mass / size than Cl2 [1]
(c) i. - P4 + 10 Cl2 → 4 PCl5 [1] 8. (a) Lewis structure : [1]
ii. - PCl5 + 4 H2O → H3PO4 + 5 HCl [1] (b) CaF2 + H2SO4  CaHSO2 + HF [1]
iii. - NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3 [1] (c) – Br2 is a weaker oxidising agent than H2SO4 [1]
iv. - AgCl + 2 NH3 → Ag(NH3)2Cl [1] - Cl2 is stronger oxidising agent than H2SO4 [1]
- NaBr + H2SO4 → NaHSO4 + HBr [1]
6. (a) - sodium bromide [1] - 2HBr + H2SO4 → Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O [1]
- as red/orange gas (bromine) is released [1] (d) – purple vapour / black spot released [1]
Section C - Essay Questions
1.(a) m1 : equation : Ag+ + X- → AgX [1] (b) i. m9 : - Cl2, Br2, I2 are simple covalent molecule hold
m2 : AgCl is white precipitate [1] by weak Van Der Waals forces [1]
m3 : AgCl dissolve readily in concentrated / dilute m10 : melting & boiling point increase Cl2 < Br 2< I2
ammonia aqueous solution [1] m11 : molecular mass/size increase Cl2 < Br 2< I2 [1]
m4 : AgCl + 2 NH3 → Ag(NH3)2Cl [1] m12 :strength of weak Van Der Waals forces increased [1]
m5 : AgBr is cream precipitate [1] (c) m13 : chlorine : yellow greenish gas [1]
m6 : AgBr dissolve only in concentrated NH3 but not in m14 : bromine reddish brown liquid [1]
dilute solution [1] m15 : iodine : black solid [1]
m7 : AgI is yellow precipitate that does not dissolve in 3.(a) i. m1 : using correct E0values [1]
ammonia aqueous solution [1] Cl2 + 2 e- → 2 Cl E0 = + 1.36 V
(b) m8 : The relative strength of the ligands are in the 
2 Br → Br2 + 2 e- E0 =  1.07 V
order: S2O32 > NH3 > H2O [1] m2 : Cl2 + 2 Br → Br2 + 2 Cl E0cell = + 0.29 V

[1]
m9 : H2O is the weakest ligand [1] m3 : E0cell is positive, the reaction is spontaneous [1]
m10 : since it is not strong enough to displace Cl- [1] I2 + 2 e- → 2 I E0 = + 0.54 V
m11 : NH3 is strong enough to displace Cl- but it cannot 2 Br → Br2 + 2 e- E0 =  1.07 V
displace I-. [1] m4 : I2 + 2 Br → Br2 + 2 I E0cell =  0.53 V
 
[1]
m12 : since the ionic characteristic / bond in AgI is very m5 : E0cell is negative, reaction is non spontaneous [1]
strong [1] i. m6 : using correct E0values [1]
m13 : S2O32 is the strongest ligand since it can displace Cl2 + 2 e- → 2 Cl  0
E = + 1.36 V
even P [1] Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e- E0 =  0.77 V
(c) m14 : under exposure to ultraviolet [1]
m7 : Cl2 + 2Fe → 2Fe + 2Cl E0cell = + 0.29 V
2+ 3+
[1]
m15 : AgBr decomposed to Ag and Br2 / equation
m8 : E0cell is positive, the reaction is spontaneous [1]
2 AgBr → 2 Ag + Br2 [1]
I2 + 2 e- → 2 I E0 = + 0.54 V
2.(a)i. m1 : Cl2 undergo disproportionation NaOH [1] Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e- E0 =  0.77 V
m2 : Cl2 + 2 NaOH → NaOCl + NaCl + H2O [1] m9 : I2 + 2Fe → 2Fe + 2I E cell =  0.53 V
2+ 3+  0
[1]
m3 : oxidation changes from 0 to +1 and 1 [1] m10:E0cell is negative, reaction is non spontaneous [1]
m4 : NaOCl further disproportionate [1] (b) Cl2 oxidised S2O32- according to equation
m5 : 3 NaClO → 2 NaCl + NaClO3 [1] m11 :S2O32- + 5 H2O + 4 Cl2 → 2 SO42- + 8Cl– +10 H+ [1]
m6 : oxidation state changes to +1 to +5 and 1 [1] m12 : S change from +2 to +6 [1]
ii.m7 : 3Cl2 + 6NaOH→5NaCl + NaClO3 + 3H2O [1] I2 oxidised S2O32- according to equation
m8 : oxidation state change from 0 to +5 and1 [1] m13 : 2 S2O32- + l2 → S4O62- + 2 l– [1]
m14 : S change from +2 to +2.5 [1]
m15 : Cl2 is a stronger oxidising agent than I2 [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
4.(a) m1 : I has a greater atomic radius than Cl [1] (ii) m11 : mol AgBrO3 = 1.18/235.9 @ 5.00x10-3 [1]
m2 : bond strength of H-Cl is higher than H-I [1] m12 : mol of AgCl = 4.31 / 143.5 [1]
m3 : H2 + Cl2 → 2 HCl [1] m13 : = 0.0300 mol [1]
(iii) m14 : mol ratio BrO3- : Cl-
= 5.00 x 10-3 : 0.0300 = 1 : 6 [1]
m4 : [1] m15 : 3Cl2 + NaBr + 6NaOH 
(b) i. m5 : H2SO4 act as Bronsted Lowry acid [1] NaBrO3 + 6NaCl + 3H2O [1]
m6 : Cl- + H2SO4 → HCl + HSO4- [1]
m7 : H2SO4 is stronger oxidising agent than Br2 and I2 (ins 6.(a) I m1 : X is iodine / I2 [1]
both)/weaker oxidising agent than Cl2 [1] m2 : I2(g) + H2 (g) 2HI(g) [1]
m8 : HBr and HI were further oxidised by H2SO4 [1] m3 : since HI is strong acid, it dissolve / dissociate
m9 : 2 HBr + H2SO4 → Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O [1] completely in water / HI  H+ + I- [1]
m10 : 8 HI + H2SO4 → 4 I2 + H2S + 4 H2O [1]
m4 : I–(aq) + Ag+ (aq)  Agl (s) [1]
ii. m11 : phosphorous react with limited iodine to in order
m5 : yellow precipitate is formed
to first reduce iodine to iodide ion [1]
m6 : Agl cannot formed complex ion with NH3 [1]
m12 : P4 + 6 I2 → 4 PI3 [1]
ii. m7 : I2 dissolves in KI form brown solution [1]
m13 : PI3 undergoes hydrolysis with water [1]
m8 : I2 dissolves in trichloromethane to form purple
m14 : PI3 + 3 H2O → 3 HI + H3PO3 [1]
solution [1]
m15 : H3PO3 form is a weak oxidising agent / will not
m9 : Equation: I– (aq) + I2 ↔ I3– (aq) [1]
oxidise HI [1]
m10 : I2 is a non-polar covalent compound and dissolves
5. (a) m1 : colourless solution turn brown [1] in organic solvent (trichloromethane) [1]
m2 : Cl2 + 2 Br-  Br2 + 2 Cl- [1] (b) m11 : Silver bromide [1]
(b) NaOCl @ HClO act as bleaching agent / DDT is m12 : Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as an acid [1]
insecticide / NaClO3 is used as herbicide / NaCl is table m13 : Br- + H2SO4 → HBr + HSO4- [1]
salt / CCl4 is used as organic solvent / CHCl3 is used as m14 : Br- ion is oxidised by concentrated sulphuric acid
anesthetic (any 3 pairs x 2) [6] to Br2 [1]
(b)(i) m9 : calculate mol of each element [1] m15 : 2 HBr + H2SO4 → Br2 + SO2 + 2 H2O [1]
Ag Br O m16 : In black-white photography,
mass/g 45.8 33.9 20.3 2 AgBr + hv → 2 Ag + Br2 [1]
Mole 45.8 / 108 33.9 / 79.9 20.3 / 16
= 0.42 = 0.42 = 1.27
Ratio 0.42 / 0.42 0.42 / 0.42 1.27 / 0.42
=1 =1 =3
m10 : formula of the cream solid is AgBrO3 [1]

CHAPTER 7 : TRANSITION ELEMENTS

Section A - Objective Questions
1. D 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. A
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. C
21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. D
31. C 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. D 40. B

Section B - Structure Questions

1. (a) i. - Each ion filled correctly [1] x 3 [3] 3. (a) - d-block [1] (b) - 3d74s2 [1]
Ions Sc3+ Fe3+ Cu2+ (c) - splitting of d orbitals occur [1]
Val. electrons 2
3s 3p 6
3d 5
3d9 - Excitation of 3d electrons absorb energy from visible
region of light spectrum [1]
Colour of ion colourless Yellow Blue
- therefore d-d transition take place [1]
ii. - Since 3d-orbital is empty [1] (d) - orange [1] (e) - cobalt [1]
- no d-d transition occur [1]
(b) - Fe2+ : 1s22s22p63s23p63d6 [1] 4. (a) i. - X is iron [1]
- Fe3+ is more stable than Fe2+ [1] ii. - X is has delocalised electrons [1]
- since half filled 3d orbitals have extra stability [1] iii. - X is a better conductor than K [1]
2 (a) i. diamminedichloroplatinum(II) [1] - since X has more valence electrons than K [1]
ii. Shape : square planar [1] (b) - white precipitate is formed [1]
- due to the presence of free chloride ion [1]
- Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl [1]
5 (a) i. - Element that forms at least a stable simple ion
(b) i - blue precipitate is due to Cu(OH)2 [1] with partially filled d orbitals. [1]
- Cu2+ + 2 NH3 + H2O → Cu(OH)2 + NH4+ [1] ii. - atomic radius does not varied much [1]
ii. - due to the formation of [Cu(NH3)4]2+ [1] - since both nuclear charge and screening effect increase
- since NH3 is a stronger ligand [1] gradually [1]
- Cu(OH)2 (s) + 4NH3 → Cu(NH3)4]2+ + 2 OH- [1] - effective nuclear charge remain almost constant [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET

(b) i. Before e- filled [1] After e- filled [1] iv. complex ion [1]

ii. - 3d orbitals are half filled [1]

- 4s orbital is single filled [1] 8.(a) i. – molecule or ion that can form a dative bond to
6. (a) - molecule / ion / molecular ions that have lone pair the center metal ion [1]
electron [1] and are able to form coordinative / dative ii. complex ion [1]
bond with centre metal ion. [1]
(b)[Fe(H2O)6]3+ +SCN- [Fe(H2O)5(SCN)]2+ + H2O
Kstab = [[Fe(H2O)5(SCN)]3+] / [[Fe(H2O)6]3+] [SCN-]
(c)i.-[Fe(CN)6]3- more stable than [[Fe(H2O)5(SCN)]2+]
- as Kstab of [Fe(CN)6]3- is higher [1] (b) i. expression of concentration of complex ion over the
ii. i.- [Co(CN)6]3- more stable than [Fe(CN)6]3- [1] concentration of metal ion multiply by the power of
- as Kstab of [Co(CN)6]3- is higher [1] number of the ligand surrounded it. [1]
7. (a)(i) A and B : any oxidising agent (KMnO4 / K2Cr2O7 ii. Kstab = [ [Cd(CH3NH2)4(H2O)2]2+] [1]
/ Cl2 and etc) [2] [ [Cd(H2O)6]2+] [CH3NH2]4
C : KSCN [1] D : Fe3+ [1] iii. - stability constant increase [1]
ii. hydrogen gas [1] - as increasing T shift the equilibrium to right [1]
iii. X : hexacyanoferrate(II) ion [1] (c) any value between 4.0 x 106 to 4.0 x 1016 [1]
Y : pentaaquathiocyanatoiron(III) ion [1 - since NH2CH2CH2NH2 is a bidentate ligand that bonded
more stable compare to CH3NH2 [1]

Section C - Essay Questions

1.(a) i. m1 : Ligand - molecule / ion / molecular ions that (c) i. m11 : no precipitate is formed [1]
have lone pair electron and are able to form coordinative / m12 : since Cl- presence as ligand [1]
dative bond with centre metal ion. [1] ii. : m13 : white precipitate is observed [1]
m2 : coordination number is number of dative bond that m14 : since there is Cl- that act as free moving ion [1]
can be accepted by center metal ion [1] m15 : Ag+ + Cl- → AgCl [1]
m3 : coordination compound - consisting of a central
3.(a) i. m1 : O2 + 4H+ + 4e– → 2H2O Eθ = +1.23 V
metal cation that is bonded to molecules and / or anions
2 Ti → 2 Ti2+ + 4 e– Eθ = +1.63 V [1]
called ligands [1]
m2 : O2 + 4H + 2 Ti → 2 Ti + 2 H2O
+ 2+
[1]
ii. m4 : coordination number 4 : tetrahedral [1]
m3 : E0cell = +2.86 V [1]
m5 : square planar [1]
m4 : Positive Eθ value shows that the reaction is
m6 : coordination number 6 : octahedral [1]
spontaneous. [1]
(b) m7 - m15 : each structure [1] shape [1] name [1]
ii. m5 : It is light (or it has low density). [1]
m6 : The presence of the TiO2 layer protects the
Tetrachloro- underlying Ti from corrosion. [1]
Tetrahedral
cuprate(I) ion (b) i. m7 : TiO2 + 2Cl2 + C → TiCl4 + CO2 [1]
m8 : TiCl4 + 2Mg → Ti + 2MgCl2 [1]
ii. m9 : White fumes of HCl are produced [1]
Pentaaquachloro- m10 : due to the hydrolysis of TiCl4
Octahedral
iron(III) chloride @ TiCl4 + 2 H2O → TiO2 + 4 HCl [1]
m11 : Uses: Smoke grenades / smoke bombs [1]
Bis- (c) m12 - m13 : Cu+ : 3d10 [1] Cu2+ : 3d9 [1]
(ethylenediamine) m14 : Splitting of 3d orbitals occurs in Cu2+ ion. [1]
Octahedral
difluorocobalt(III) m15 : In Cu2+ there is a d-d transition / an electron from a
nitrate low 3d level absorbs energy and jumps to a higher 3d
level. [1]
2. (a) i. Use any E0 value lower than + 1.67 V to reduce m16 : In Cu+ there is no d-d transition. [1]
MnO4- to MnO2
m1: write oxidation and reduction half equations [1] 4.(a) m1 : Cu (I) ion is colourless [1]
m2 : write overall equation [1] m2 : Brownppt of Cu is formed [1]
m3 : calculate E0cell [1] m3 : Blue solution of Cu (II) ion formed [1]
ii. E0 value lower than + 1.52 V to reduce MnO4- to MnO2 m4 : Disproportionation occur [1]
m4: write oxidation and reduction half equations [1] m5 : 2 Cu+ (aq) → Cu (s) + Cu2+ [1]
m5 : write overall equation [1] m6 : E0cell = + 0.52 V - + 0.15 V [1]
m6 : calculate E0cell [1] m7 : = + 0.37 V [1]
(b) m7 :mol KMnO4 = (0.100)(20.0)/1000 @ 0.02 [1] m8 : Since E0cell reaction is spontaneous [1]
m8 : Since MnO4- : VOClx is 2 : 1 ; therefore mol of e- (b) m9 : Ion formed : [CuCl4]2- [1]
removed by MnO4- is 2 e- ; while V accept 1 e- [1] m10 : Cu2+ + 4 HCl → CuCl42- + 4 H+ [1]
m9 : VOClx = -1 ; (+5) + (2) + (1)x = 1 [1] m11 : Cl- act as monodentate ligand [1]
m10 : x = 2 ; formula is VOCl2 [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET

(c) m12 : en : NH2CH2CH2NH2 [1] m12 : sp3d2 hybridisation [1]

m13 : Ethylenediamine is bidentate ligand [1] m13 : has 2 unfilled 3d orbitals [1]
m14 : N form coordinative bond [1] m14 : due to CN- is a strong ligand [1]
m15 : form low spin complex / has large crystal field
splitting [1]
6 (a) i. m1 : brass m2 : zinc / m1 : bronze m2 : tin [2]
m15 : [1] ii. m3 : alloying caused particles of metal not easily
5.(a)(i) m1 : chromium(III) ion [1] slipped through each other hence strengthening the metals
m2 : 4 OH-  2 H2O + O2 + 4e- E0 = – 0.40 V involved [1]
Cr3+ + e-  Cr2+ E0 = – 0.41 V [1] (b) m4 : copper dissolved in ammonia to form complex
m3 : 4 OH + 4 Cr  2 H2O + O2 + 4 Cr
- 3+ 2+
[1] ion [1]
m4 : E0cell = E0 = – 0.81 V [1] m5 : complex formed is blue colour [1]
m5 : Since E0cell is negative, reaction is non-spontaneo [1] m6 : Cu2+ + 4 NH3  [Cu(NH3)4]2+ [1]
(ii) m6 : suitable half equations from data booklet (c) m7 : Cu + 2 H+  Cu2+ + H2 E0 = – 0.34 V [1]
m7 : overall equation m8 : since E0 is negative, hence reaction is non-
m8 : E0cell value spontaneous [1]
Fe2+ (aq)  Fe3+ (aq) + e- –0.77 V m9 : Zn + 2 H+Zn2+ + H2/Sn + 2 H+Sn2+ + H2 [1]
O2 + 4 H+ + 4 e-  2 H2O +1.23 V[1] m10 : E0 = + 0.76 V / + 0.14 V [1]
O2 + 4 H+ + 4 Fe2+ m11 : since E0 is positive hence reaction is spontaneous
+0.46 V [1]
4Fe3+ + 2H2O [1] hence corrode the metal
0
m9 : since E positive, reaction is spontaneous [1] (d) m12 : find suitable half equation [1]
(b) m10 : Draw the structure [1] Cu  Cu2+ + 2e- Eo = - 0.34 V
NO3– + 2H+ +e– NO2 + H2O Eo = + 0.81 V
–
m13 : Cu + 2 NO3 + 4H  2 NO2 + 2 H2O + Cu2+
+

m14 : Eocell = + 0.47 V [1]

m15 : Since Ecell is positive, reaction is spontaneous (can
m11 : octahedral shape [1] react) [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
Summative Examination Set 1
Section A - Answer Sheet

Section A 1 C 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 C 6 D 7 A
8 A 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 C 13 B 14 B 15 D

16 a) i. copper is produced at cathode @ Cu2+ + 2e-  Cu [1] 19. a) Each comparison [1] x 4 [1]
- since E0 value of Cu2+/Cu is more positive than water [1] Graphite Silicon
ii. - 2 H2O  4 H+ + O2 + 4 e- [1] Conductor Semi-conductor
b) - copper place at anode corroded/dissolved while brown solid Contain delocalised Valence band and
deposited at cathode [1] electron between the conduction band have
- since copper is oxidised / overvoltage occur at anode [1] layer small gaps
c) - Q = It @ Q = 1.50 x 2 x 60 x 60 @ 10800 C [1] ii. - increased the temperature [1]
mol of e- = 10800 / 96500 @ 0.1119 mol [1] - doping with phosphorous / boron [1]
since 2 e = 1 Cu ; mol of Cu = 0.05596 mol b) - Catenation: linking of like atoms [1]
mass of Cu = 0.05596 x 63.5 = 3.55 g (3 s.f. with unit) [1] - catenation between C-C is more stable than Si-Si [1]
- atomic radius /size of C is smaller than Si / bond length C-C is
17. a) elements that can form more than one stable ion with shorter than Si-Si [1]
incomplete filled d-orbital [1] - Si-Si bond strength is weaker/C-C bond is strong [1]
b) i. Co2+ is more stable than Co3+ [1] - C can even form pi, π bond between C-C [1]
- since positive E0 value indicates equilibrium favour forward c) - CO2 is simple covalent molecule [1]
reaction [1] - hold by weak Van Der Waals' forces [1]
ii. each space filled in correctly = [1] x 4 [4] - SiO2 held by giant covalent structure [1]
Formation of complex ion Co2+ + 6NH3 [Co(NH3)6]2+ - Si-O are bonded to each other by strong covalent bond to form a
Act as catalyst 2 Co2+ + S2O82-  gigantic network [1]
2 Co3+ + 2 SO42- 20. a) m1 : In cold NaOH
2 NaOH + Cl2  NaCl + NaOCl + H2O [1]
18. a) i. heat/energy released/liberated when 1 mol of substance m2 : oxidation state changes from 0  +1 ; -1 [1]
(stearic acid) is burn in excess oxygen (air) [1] m3 : In hot NaOH
- under standard condition [1] 6 NaOH + 3Cl2  5 NaCl + NaClO3 + H2O [1]
ii. - mol of benzoic acid = 1.22 / 122 @ 0.01 mol [1] m4 : oxidation state changes from 0  +5 ; -1 [1]
- q = ∆H x mol ; q = - 3230 x 0.01 @ 32.3 kJ [1] m5 : Chlorine undergoes disproportionation reaction. [1]
- C = q / θ @ C = 32.3 kJ / 7.8 @ 4.14 kJ 0C-1 [1] m6 : The greenish-yellow colour of chlorine gas disappearing
- For stearic acid ; q = 4.14 x 17.0 kJ 0C-1 @ 70.4 kJ [1] makes it clear that the chlorine had reacted, [1]
- mol of stearic acid = 2.50 / 284 @ 8.80 x 10-3 mol [1] b) m7 : Cl, Br and I exist diatomic naturally [1]
- ∆HC steatic acid = 70.4 kJ / 8.80 x 10-3 mol [1] m8 : all of the are simple molecule [1]
= - 7997 / - 8000 kJ mol-1 [1] m9 : molecular mass increase goes down to group 17 [1]
b) Each steps and enthalpy change =1m [3] m 10 : this will increased weak Van Der Waals (or
intermolecular) forces [1]
m11 : causing the melting point and boiling point going down
Group 17 increased. [1]
c) m12 - m14 : Comparison between Cl, Br, I [3]
Cl2 Br2 I2
Colour Yellowish Brownish Black
Phase Gas Liquid Solid
m15 : particles become closer / attraction forces increased / weak
- ∆Hsoln = [(-352)+(-364)] - (-701) [1] Van Der Waals forces increase [1]
- = - 15 kJ mol-1 [1]
- Since ∆Hsoln is exothermic, KCl is soluble in water. [1]
 ACCELERATION STPM CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2] ANSWER BOOKLET
CHEMISTRY SEMESTER 2
SET 2
Section A [15 marks]

1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. A

6. A 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. A

11. D 12. D 13. A 14. A 15. B

16. a) i. Calcium : Observation - little / small amount of 19. a)i. m1 :Cath : O 2 + 2H2O + 4e-  4OH- [1]
calcium dissolved in water. [1] m2 : Anode : H2 + 2 OH-  2 H2O + 2e- [1]
Equation : Ca + 2 H2O ↔ Ca(OH)2 + H2. [1] m3 : Overall : 2 H 2 + O2  2 H2O [1]
ii. Strontium : Observation : strontium dissolve completely ii. m4 : Eocell = E0cat - E0ano @ + 0.40 - (-0.83) [1]
/ almost completely in water [1] m5 : = + 1.23 V [1]
Equation : Sr + 2 H2O ↔ Sr(OH)2 + H2. [1] iii. m6 : Ano : H 2  2H+ + 2e E0 = 0.0 V [1]
b) i. 2 Sr(NO3)2  2 SrO + 4 NO2 + O2 [1] m7 : Cath :4H + + O2 + 4e-  2H2O E 0 = +1.23V
iii. Ionic character of strontium nitrate is high [1] Overall 2 H2 + O2  2 H2O E cell = + 1.23 V
Sr-NO3 is more stable than Sr-O [1] iv. m8 & m9 : light / does not produce toxic [1]
b) m10 : finding both half equation [1]
17. a) i. sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) or calcium silicate Oxi : Fe  Fe2+ + 2e- E0 = + 0.44 V
CaSiO3) [1] Red : 4H + + O2 + 4e-  2H2O E 0 = +1.23V
- SiO2 + Na2CO3 → Na2SiO3 + CO2 or m11 : Ov :2Fe + 4H + + O2 2Fe2+ + 2H2O [1]
SiO2 + CaCO3 → CaSiO3 + CO2 [1] m12 : E cell = + 1.67 V [1]
ii. boron oxide (or B2O3) [1] m13 : Find both equation [1]
- B2O3 + 3 SiO2  B2(SiO3)3. [1] Oxi : Fe 2+  Fe3+ + e– E0 = – 0.77 V
- high melting point / less brittle / low thermal expansion / Red : 4H + + O2 + 4e-  2H2O E 0 = +1.23V
resistant to heat or chemical [1] m14 : 4Fe + O2 + 4H  4Fe + 2 H2O
2+ + 3+
[1]
m15 : E 0cell = + 0.46 V [1]
m16 : 2 Fe3+ + 4 H2O  Fe2O3.H2O + 6 H + [1]
b) i. [2] 20. a) m1 : In cold NaOH
ii. - insoluble in water / non-toxic /stable to heat [1] 2 NaOH + Cl2  NaCl + NaOCl + H2O [1]
m2 : oxidation state changes from 0  +1 ; -1 [1]
18. m1 : a) i. enthalpy / heat absorbed when 1 mol of m3 : In hot NaOH
substance is changed into gaseous atoms [1] 6 NaOH + 3Cl2  5 NaCl + NaClO3 + H2O [1]
m2 - m5 :ii. Each equation of atomisation = 1m [4] m4 : oxidation state changes from 0  +5 ; -1 [1]
C2H6 (g)  2 C (g) + 6 H (g) ∆H = +405 kJ m5 : Chlorine undergoes disproportionation reaction. [1]
Cl2 (g)  Cl (g) ∆H = +242 kJ m6 : The greenish-yellow colour of chlorine gas disappear
C2H5Cl (g)  2C(g) +5H(g) + Cl(g) ∆H = +418 kJ makes it clear that the chlorine had reacted, [1]
HCl (g)  H (g) + Cl (g) ∆H = + 184 kJ b) m7 : Cl2, Br2, I2 are simple molecule hold by weak Van
m6 : ∆H = (-184) + (-418) + 405 + 242 [1] Der Waals forces [1]
m7 : = - 45 kJ (insist '-' and kJ) [1] m8 : molecular mass/size increase down to group 17 [1]
m8 - m10 : iii. Axis [1] Label [1] Exothermic [1] m9 : this will increased weak Van Der Waals (or
Energy/ kJ C2H6 (g) + Cl2 (g) intermolecular) forces [1]
c) m10 : chlorine is oxidised to form HOCl and reduced
- 45 kJ to HCl [1]
C2H5Cl (g) + HCl (g) m11 : Cl2 + H2O  HCl + HclO [1]
m12 : HClO act as bleaching agent [1]
m13 : HClO decomposed upon exposed to UV light [1]
m14 : 2 HClO  2 HCl + O 2 [1]
m11 : b) - PbCl2 is less soluble than NaCl [1]
m15 : Overall : 2 Cl 2 + 2 H2O  4 HCl + O2 [1]
m12 : - Since Pb is less electropositive than Na [1]
m13 : - Difference of electronegativity between Pb and Cl
is smaller than Na and Cl [1]
m14 : - NaCl has greater ionic character [1]
m15 : PbCl2 has high covalent character [1]