964/2 STPM 2011

BIOLOGY
PAPER 2

TWO AND A HALF HOUR

STPM EXAMINATION

INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES:

Answer all the questions in Section A in the spaces provided.

Answer any four questions from Section B. For this section, write your answer on the
answer sheets provided. Begin each answer on a fresh sheet of paper. Answer should
be illustrated by large, clearly labelled diagrams wherever suitable.

Answers may be written in either Malay or English.

Arrange your answers in numerical order and tie the answer sheets

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Section A (40 marks)

Answer all questions in this section
1. Mendel conducted genetic experiments by using a type of plant.
a. Name the scientific name of plant used by Mendel in his experiments on
genetics. (1)

b. Mendel studied seven different characteristics of the plant named in 1(a). Table
below list five of the characteristics he studied. Fill in the table the dominant and
recessive traits for each characteristic listed. (5)
Characteristic Dominant trait Recessive trait
Pod colour
Pod shape
Flower position
Seed colour
Seed shape

c. Define these:
i. Gene (2)

ii. Phenotype (1)

iii. Genotype (1)

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2. Diagram 1 below shows cross section of a bone.

B
Cell X

A
B

C
D
E

Diagram 1
a. Name structures labelled:
A: (1)
B: (1)
C: (1)
D: (1)
E: (1)
b. Identify cell X in diagram 1. State the function of cell X in the development of
bone. (3)

d. State two functions of bone besides providing support and shape to body. (2)

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3. Oxygen dissociation curves for three different respiratory pigments found in human
are given in diagram 2 below.

Curve A

Curve B

Curve C

Diagram 2
a. Identify the respiratory pigments that is represented by the oxygen dissociation
curves in diagram 2:
A: (1)
B: (1)
C: (1)
b. Explain the importance of curve A located at far left of the graph. (3)

c. Explain the importance of curve B located to the left of curv C. (2)

d. Each haemoglobin can bind reversibly with four oxygen molecules to form
oxyhaemoglobin. Explain this statement by using structure of haemoglobin. (2)

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4. Diagram 3 below shows a vector map of the plasmid vector pUC19 that contains
ampicillin resistance gene and lac Z gene.

Diagram 3
pUC19 is used as a vector to clone the gene coding for human insulin.

a. Describe, with reference to specific restriction enzymes, how human insulin gene
can be inserted into the vector pUC19 to form recombinant DNA. (4)

Recombinant DNA produced through the method you descri ed are subsequently
introduced into Escherichia coli via the process of transformation. The cells from the
transformation process are grown on a agar plate.
b. In addition to the nutrients necessary for growth, name two other substances that
were added to the agar plate to allow for selection of cells successfully transformed
with the recombinant plasmid. (2)

c. Result of plating the transformed cells onto agar plate with appropriate substances
produced colonies that appear blue or white. Explain why some colonies appeared
white while others appeared blue. (4)

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Section B (60 marks)

Answer any four questions in this section

5. Explain Beadle and Tatum’s experiment on gene concept. (15)

6. a. Draw and label structure of nephron. (3)

b. Explain in details processes involved in urine synthesis. (12)

7. a. Explain about autonomic nervous system. (10)

b. Explain the effect of coccaine on autonomic nervous system. (5)

8. a. State characteristics of Coniferophyta phylum. (5)

b. Explain sexual reproduction of a named Coniferophyta plant. (10)

9. a. Explain Darwin’s theory of evolution. (6)

b. Explain three proofs for Darwin’s theory of evolution. (9)

10. Explain how organisms are classified in taxonomy. (15)

-------------- END OF QUESTIONS -------------

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