SITE PLANNING:

MOVEMENT & UTILITY SYSTEMS

 MOVEMENT & UTILITY SYSTEMS
 The usefulness of any parcel of land, weather urban, suburban, or rural,
depends on the existence of adequate roads and utilities to serve it. This is
true for a suburban or large urban site.

 The site must be readily accessible

 The primary consideration in planning the use of a site includes the

adequacy of both circulation access and utility services.
 MOVEMENT & UTILITY SYSTEMS

CIRCULATION ACCESS INCLUDE

 Pedestrian Access

 Vehicular Access

 Public transit movement systems

 MOVEMENT & UTILITY SYSTEMS

UTILITY SERVICES INCLUDE

 Water

 Sewer

 Gas

 Electricity

 Communication Systems
 MOVEMENT & UTILITY SYSTEMS
 Sustainable design planning attempts to design infrastructure and utilities
that work with the natural ecosystem.

 Locating them in locations that compliment existing conditions through

sympathetic solutions which reflect the local topography, climate and
vegetation.
 CIRCULATION SYSTEMS
 Vehicular circulation systems are the primary structuring element of a
land use plan, often determining the location of utilities and
communication networks and pedestrian circulation systems.

 In land planning and site planning, it is standard to begin laying out the
site with the surface roads. This most often determines the patterns of land
use and utility systems.

 Roads systems must be carefully adapted to the topography.

 Utility services are generally located above/ or below the road system.

 Surface drainage channels are usually located along side the roadways
connecting to underground storm water conduits.
 CIRCULATION SYSTEMS
TYPES OF CIRCULATION
 Grid
 Radial
 Linear
 Curvilinear
 CIRCULATION SYSTEMS

GRID SYSTEM A Grid System: consists of equally spaced streets or

roads which are perpendicular to each other.

 Often used for its regularity, simplicity, and

convenience.

 It simplifies the subdivision of land for both

agriculture and urban use, along with providing a
sense of orientation if not extended (vast) and
sufficient landmarks are present.
 CIRCULATION SYSTEMS
A Radial System: directs flow to or from a common
center, with straight channels of circulation
RADIAL SYSTEMS radiating from this center point.

 This is the typical pattern created by traditional

city growth outward (radially) from the original
settlement.
 This usually causes the center point, where all
channels converge, to become congested. This
can be alleviated by creating “by-passes” that
connect outlying hubs/radials thus allowing
through traffic to avoid the congested area. As a
result, a radio-centric pattern is created. This can
also sometimes create concentric rings around
the center.
 CIRCULATION SYSTEMS
A Linear System: of circulation connects flow
LINEAR SYSTEM between two points, either along a single line or
along a series of parallel lines.

 Activities can be situated along the route or be

routed into loops or branches on either side.
Excessive traffic along the route could
ultimately cause congestion.

 This type of system is useful for restricted sites

such as a narrow valley between hills, or when
parallel to existing infrastructure like a railroad,
canal or freeway.
 CIRCULATION SYSTEMS
A Curvilinear system: responds to the
topography of the land and aligns with
CURVILINEAR SYSTEM natural contours.

 This system works best at small scales

because the curving of the path reduces
speeds.

 A network of curvilinear systems can

conform to the natural topography of the
landscape as well as be arbitrary. Most
common to residential
neighborhoods/suburbs.
 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

 The development potential of land is largely determined by the system of

traffic access to the land
 Vehicular traffic flows in sequential order from low intensity to high
intensity.

BASIC CATEGORIES OF TRAFFIC ARTERIES ARE:

 Freeways/Expressway/motorways
 Arterial Streets/highways
 Collector/distributor Streets
 Local Access streets
 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

1. FREEWAY/EXPRESSWAY/MOTORWAYS : are designed to allow

movement of large volumes of traffic between, around, or through
urban areas.

 Velocity is reached because

of high intervals between traffic
interruptions (on-off-ramps).

 All cross traffic is accomplished by

overpasses and underpasses eliminating all
grade level intersections
which would impede traffic.
 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

2.ARTERIAL STREETS/HIGHWAYS: are continuous vehicular channels that

connect with expressways by means of on-and-off ramps at carefully
determined locations.
 These are typically two and three lanes
wide in each direction.
 On street parking is prohibited
 Access to adjacent commercial
property could be restricted
 Access to residential streets is allowed
 All crossings are controlled by traffic signals
 Typical speed limit is 35 mph
 Major intersections should be
separated by at least 800’-0”
 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION

2.ARTERIAL STREETS/HIGHWAYS: are continuous vehicular channels that

connect with expressways by means of on-and-off ramps at carefully
determined locations.
 These are typically two and three lanes
wide in each direction.
 On street parking is prohibited
 Access to adjacent commercial
property could be restricted
 Access to residential streets is allowed
 All crossings are controlled by traffic signals
 Typical speed limit is 35 mph
 Major intersections should be
separated by at least 800’-0”
 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
3. COLLECTOR/DISTRIBUTOR STREETS: serve as the transition between
arterial streets and the local access streets of a neighborhood.
 They provide access to adjacent
residential properties
 They are usually discontinuous,
thereby preventing through-traffic
and reducing vehicular speed
 Curb-side parking is allowed but
only at certain times of the day
and may be limited or prohibited
 When collector streets intersect
with arterial streets, traffic signals are used
 Local and collector streets
 are usually controlled by stop signs
 VEHICULAR CIRCULATION
4. LOCAL ACCESS STREETS: provide access to low intensity uses fronting
on them.
 They carry low traffic flows
 Such streets consist of loops and cul-de-sacs or combination of the two
 Unrestricted curbside parking
Unlimited Pedestrian use
 ROAD DESIGN CRITERIA
ROAD DESIGN INCLUDES SUCH ELEMENTS ARE:

i. Pavement
ii. Curbs
iii. Gutters
iv. Shoulders
v. Walks
vi. Landscaping
vii. border strips
viii. lighting
ix. signs
x. traffic signals
xi. and utilities
 SERVICES AND UTILITIES
 The development of land for residential, commercial, industrial
and community uses depends largely on the availability of
various services and utilities.

These include:
i. Water
ii. Gas
iii. Electricity
iv. Communication system
v. Wastewater systems
vi. Drainage systems
vii. Flood control
 SERVICES AND UTILITIES

 Other services that should be considered are:

i. Trash collection
ii. Fire protection
iii. Mail distribution
iv. Snow removal
v. Public transit
vi. Provisions for public health and safety
 SERVICES AND UTILITIES

 WASTEWATER SYSTEMS
 A wastewater system’s function is to collect and dispose of sanitary
wastes from plumbing fixtures and other similar collection points.

 The design of wastewater systems involves:

i. population projections,
ii. industrial growth
iii. Topography
iv. soil conditions
v. rainfall
vi. water quality
vii. water reclamation
 SERVICES AND UTILITIES
 ELECTRICAL UTILITY FACILITIES

 Electrical power is generated primarily by turbines powered by steam

produced by burning coal, oil, or gas or sometimes by water power.
Some power plants utilize nuclear reactors to produce the heat to
transform water to steam. These are usually away from population
centers.

 Small plants that use diesel-driven generators are commonly found in

small communities. Hydroelectric plants are located near water

 Substations are located so as to form “service areas”. These can be

located underground, in buildings, or enclosures screened by walls,
fences, or landscape. Ex. Douglas road and Bird road
 SERVICES AND UTILITIES

 TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH

 Telephone trunk lines are generally placed in underground conduits in

street right-of-ways. Local lines may be located on poles, generally
shared with power lines.

 Fire and police alarm systems are closely related to telephone systems.

 Wires from alarm or call boxes are generally placed in underground

conduits.
 SERVICES AND UTILITIES

 CATV

 Cable antenna televisions is popular in urban areas that lack

conventional TV broadcast facilities, or where building heights,
topographical features, mineral deposits and other conditions make
conventional reception unsatisfactory.
 SERVICES AND UTILITIES

 GAS UTILITY SYSTEMS

 Gas utility systems are located within the right-of-way (road) under the
sidewalk area on both sides of the street, or in alley, or rear lot easements.

 Regulating stations are located in various parts of the community.

 Additional equipment needed for gas systems are:

i. Valves
ii. Pressure regulating systems
iii. Flow meters
iv. Compressor stations
 SERVICES AND UTILITIES
 FLOOD CONTROL & DRAINAGE SYSTEMS
 “Storm water” refers to the flow of water on ground surfaces or drainage
channels produced by rainfall or melting snow. It must be collected,
stored, and conducted to its eventual outlet so as to avoid water
damage.
 The management of surface drainage may involve regulation of density,
minimizing paved surfaces, maximizing planted areas, careful grading to
ensure gentle slopes and positive flow, and utilize ditches, check dams,
and culverts.
 A storm drainage system consist of the :
i. Drainage surface
ii. Open gutters
iii. Ditches
iv. Underground pipes