Final Examination 2011-12

Biology
Form Three
Date: 11-6-2012
Time allowed: 8:25-9:55 am
Total marks:100

Name:________________________ ( ) F.3 _____ Marks:_____________

Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (30 marks)

There are 30 questions in this section.
The diagrams in this section are NOT necessarily drawn to scale.
Put your answers on the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

1. A group of cells of the same type grouped together is called

A. a tissue.
B. an organ.
C. a system.
D. an organism.

2. Which of the following molecules is involved in the stabilization of the cell

membrane?
A. Cholesterol
B. Channel protein
C. Phospholipid
D. Glycoprotein

3. Which of the followings is not a correct description of the function of membrane

proteins?
A. Receptor proteins allow the cell to recognize a signal and trigger the
corresponding reactions.
B. Membrane-bounded enzymes speed up the rate of biochemical reactions
inside the cell.
C. Channel proteins provide a passage for transportation of large food
particles across the membrane.
D. Recognition proteins allow cells to recognize the identity of neighbouring
cells.

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4. When an unknown specimen is observed under microscope, which of the
following features on the cells can show that the cells are animal cells?
A. Absence of chloroplast.
B. Absence of cell wall.
C. Absence of vacuole.
D. Nucleus in the centre of the cells.

Directions: For questions 5 to 6 refer to the diagram below, which shows the
microscope view when a student observed the cheek cells under a light microscope.

5. In order to bring the cheek cell to the centre of the view, what should he do?
A. Move the slide to his left.
B. Move the slide to his right.
C. Change the objective to a higher magnification.
D. Turn the coarse adjustment knob.

6. Which of the following combinations of eyepiece and objective lens enables the
student to observe the greatest number of cells?
Eyepiece Objective
A. 5x 10x
B. 10x 10x
C. 5x 20x
D. 10x 40x

7. Which of the following organelles are enclosed by two membranes?

(1) Lysosome
(2) Nucleus

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 (3) Chloroplast

A. (1) and (2) only

B. (2) and (3) only
C. (1) and (3) only
D. (1), (2) and (3)

8. Which of the following pairs of comparison about prokaryotic cells and

eukaryotic cells is correct?

Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

A. Flagella present Flagella absent
B. Linear DNA Circular DNA
C. Ribosome absent Ribosome present
D. Smooth endoplasmic Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
reticulum absent present

9. Which of the following contain nitrogen?

(1) proteins (2) lipids (3) nucleic acids

A. (1) and (2) only B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only D. (1), (2) and (3)

10. Which of the following substances is an important component of plant cell wall?

A. cellulose B. glycogen C. starch D. lipid

11. Which of the following are the functions of water in organisms?

(1) Water acts as a solvent to dissolve substances.
(2) Water provides energy for the organisms.
(3) Water is used in respiration as a raw material.

A. (1) only B. (1) and (3) only

C. (2) and (3) only D. (1) (2) and (3)

12. Which of the following substances provides the largest amount of energy per unit
mass to the body?

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 A. carbohydrates B. proteins
C. lipids D. minerals

13. Which of the following is/are not present in isotonic drinks? (delected)

(1) carbohydrates (2) amino acids (3) sodium chloride

A. (1) only B. (2) only

C. (3) only D. (1) and (2) only

14. Which of the following is not a role of calcium in organisms?

A. making up teeth
B. making up chlorophyll
C. making up bones
D. making up shell of clams

15. What is the main factor for diffusion to occur?

A. The selectively permeable membrane.
B.The membrane proteins.
C.The concentration gradient.
D. The size of molecules.

16. A selectively permeable membrane is best described as a membrane which

allows
D. only water molecules to pass through but not solute molecules.
E. only glucose molecules to pass through but not sucrose molecules.
F. only non-polar molecules to pass through but not polar molecules.
G. only some molecules to pass through but not other molecules.

17. The diagram shows four ways in which molecules may move into and out of an
actively respiring cell. The dots show the concentration of molecules.

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Which arrow represents the movement of oxygen molecules?

18. Which of the following is not an example of osmosis?

A. Plant cells become flaccid when immersed in salt solution.
B. Red blood cells burst when immersed in distilled water.
C. Potato strip remains the same weight when submerged in isotonic
solution.
D. Dialysis tubing containing sucrose solution swells when immersed in
distilled water.

19. The diagram below shows a glass vessel containing two liquids, X and Y, which
are being separated by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is only
permeable to glucose but not sucrose molecules, and the initial levels at P and Q are
the same.

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Which of the following statements correctly describe the results when equilibrium has
been reached?
A. The liquid level at P will be lower than that at Q.
B. The liquid levels at P and Q will remain the same.
C. The water potential of liquid X will be lower than that of liquid Y.
D. Concentration of glucose in both liquids will be the same.

Questions 20 to 21 refer to the diagram below shows an experimental set-up which

studies the osmosis of potato tissues.

Solution X Solution Y

Glass cover

Raw potato
without skin

20. Which of the following combinations gives the largest level rise in solution X
after 2 days?
Solution X Solution Y
A. 20% glucose solution Distilled water
B. 10% sucrose solution Distilled water
C. Distilled water 20% sucrose solution
D. 20% sucrose solution 5% sucrose solution

21. Why should the potato cups be covered by a glass cover?

A. To prevent contamination of the potato cups.
B. To prevent water vapour in the air from entering the set-ups.
C. To reduce evaporation of water in the set-ups.
D. To prevent the potato cups from drying.

22. Metabolism is

A. all the chemical processes occurring in living cells.

B. the breakdown of the old and useless structures in living cells.
C. the building-up action of new tissues in living cells.

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 D. the replacement of old and useless structures by new ones in living cells.

23. Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

A. photosynthesis
B. breakdown of starch into maltose
C. synthesis of glycogen from glucose
D. formation of new cells

24. Which of the following people has the highest metabolic rate?

A. a fifty-year old woman

B. a thirty-year old pregnant woman
C. a seven-year old boy
D. a nine-month old baby

25. The table below shows the functions of three different enzymes:

Enzyme Function
amylase convert starch to maltose
pectinase break down plant cell walls
papain break down proteins

Which of the following correctly describes the applications of the above

enzymes?

Making fruit juice Meat tenderiser Making syrup

A. papain amylase pectinase
B. pectinase papain amylase
C. amylase pectinase papain
D. papain pectinase amylase

Directions: Answer Questions 26 and 27 according to the investigation below:

Three brands (X, Y, Z) of contact lens protein remover claimed to be effective in

removing protein on contact lens. To compare their effectiveness, a student made four
wells on a milk agar plate. Then, she added the protein remover of different brands as

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well as distilled water (W) into the respective wells. The plate was incubated at 37˚C
for three hours. The results obtained are shown below:

Y
X

Z
W

26. Which of the following processes is/are involved in the formation of the clear
zones?
(1) osmosis
(2) diffusion
(3) the breakdown of protein
(4) the breakdown of starch

A. (1) and (3) only B. (1) and (4) only

C. (2) and (3) only D. (2) and (4) only

27. Arrange the effectiveness of the three brands of contact lens protein remover in
ascending order.
A. X, Y, Z
B. Y, X, Z
C. Z, Y, X
D. Y, Z, X

Directions: Questions 28 to 29 refer to the following investigation.

Phoebe conducted an investigation on how temperature affects the activity of

amylase. She added amylase solution and starch suspension in water baths set at

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different temperature. The time needed for the starch to disappear was recorded and
the results were shown in the table below.

Temperature (˚C) Time taken for the starch to disappear (min)

0 50
20 24
40 1.2
60 Starch did not disappear after 60 min
80 Starch did not disappear after 60 min

28. Based on the results, what is the optimum temperature of the amylase tested?

A. 0˚C B. 20˚C C. 40˚C D. 80˚C

29. If a graph to show the effect of temperature on the activity of amylase is to be

plotted, what should be plotted on the Y-axis?

A. temperature
B. 1/temperature
C. time taken for the starch to disappear
D. 1/time taken for the starch to disappear

30. In the “lock and key hypothesis”, the “lock” represents the substrate and the
“key” represents the enzyme. Which of the following properties of enzyme can be
illustrated by this hypothesis?

A. All enzymes are protein in nature.

B. Enzymes are specific in action.
C. Enzymes are inactive at low temperature.
D. Enzymes are denatured at around 40˚C.

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End of Section A
Go to Section B

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 Final Examination 2011-12
Biology
Form Three

Name:________________________ ( ) F.3____

Section B: Structured Questions (70 marks)

Answer ALL questions. Put your answers in the spaces provided.

1. For each type of the biomolecules listed in column 1, select from column 2 the
corresponding basic unit(s) that form(s) the molecules. Put the appropriate letter
in the space provided. (4 marks)

Column 1 Column 2
Protein __D____ A. peptide
Carbohydrate ___B___ B. monosaccharide
Lipid ___G, F___ C. glucose
Nucleic acid __H____ D. amino acid
E. glycogen
F. fatty acid
G. glycerol
H. nucleotide
I. nitrogenous base

2. Fill in the following table to show different tests used to identify the presence of
various biomolecules and their positive results: (6 marks)

Biomolecule Test Positive result

Proteins Albustix paper Yellow to green, blue
green
Reducing sugars Benedict’s test Brick red precipitates
formed
glucose Clinistix paper Pink to purple or dark blue

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3. A thin section of potato tuber was cut and stained with iodine solution. The
section was then observed under the light microscope. The drawing in Figure 3.1
shows one of the cells observed. After turning the fine adjustment knob a bit,
Figure 3.2 shows the drawing of the same cell observed.

Blue-black stained
structures

Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2

(a) Name two polysaccharides which are found in this potato cell but could not be
found in a red blood cell. (2 marks)
Cellulose, starch

(b) Explain why the same cell looked differently as shown in Figure 3.1 and Figure
3.2 under the same magnification power of the same microscope.
(2 marks)
Only one plane is in focus (1)
The cell is 3 dimensional (1)

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4. Billy used starch-agar plate to determine the optimum pH of amylase extracted
from mung bean. He followed the procedures below. Put a “ “ if the step is
correct and put a “x” if the step is wrong. Correct the wrong step. (8 marks)

Procedure:
1. 20 pre-soaked mung bean with seed coat removed were X (1)
grinded in a mortar with 1 mL alcohol to extract the
amylase.
Correction Distilled water should be used instead of alcohol. (1)
if any
2. 3 paper discs were soaked in amylase extract at acidic, V (1)
neutral and alkaline pH respectively. 3 other paper discs
were soaked only in liquid at acidic, neutral and alkaline pH
respectively.
Correction
if any
3. He struck labels carefully on the lid of the Petri dish. X (1)
Correction He should struck the labels on the underside of the dish. (1)
if any
4. He placed all the discs at the centre of the starch-agar plate X (1)
with clean forceps for each disc.
Correction He should evenly space out the discs.(1)
if any
5. He incubated the plate at 37˚C overnight. V (1)
Correction
if any

5. When a slice of apple is exposed to air, it quickly turns brown. This is because an
enzyme E catalyzes the oxidation of a substance A in the apple to dark-coloured
products:
Enzyme E
Substance A --------------------- dark-coloured products

In an experiment, the effect of a chemical, X, on the rate of this enzymatic reaction

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was investigated. The experiment was carried out at the same temperature and the
same concentration of the substance A was used. The results are shown in the graph
below:

Enzyme E

Enzyme E + X

Concentration of substance A (arbitrary unit)

(a) (i) What is the effect of chemical X on the activity of enzyme E?

(1 mark)
X is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme E (1)
(ii) Explain the answer in (a) (i).
(2 marks)
X reduces the rate of enzymatic reaction. (1) However, the rate of
enzymatic reaction is increased and reaches a rate which is comparable to
that without X when the substrate concentration is increased. (1)

(b) Draw a curve in the above graph to show the effect of X on the rate of enzymatic
reaction if a higher concentration of X had been used. (1 mark)

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6. An experiment was set-up as shown in the following diagram to study diffusion.
Both water molecules and iodine molecules can pass through the dialysis tubing
while starch molecules cannot. The set-up was left to stand at room temperature
for one hour and results were observed.

0.5 % iodine
solution
0.5% starch
dialysis tubing
solution

(a) At the end of experiment, explain the expected results

(i) of the colour of solution in the beaker; (2 marks)
Solution in beaker remains brown (1)
as starch are too large to pass through the dialysis tubing (1)

(ii) of the colour of solution inside the dialysis tubing; (3 marks)

Dark-blue colour could be observed inside the dialysis tubing. (1)
Higher concentration of iodine molecules outside the tubing than that inside
the tubing (1)
Iodine molecules diffuse into the tubing (1) and react with starch to give
dark-blue colour

(iii) of the volume of dialysis tubing. (3 marks)

Volume of dialysis tubing decreases (1)
Water potential inside the tubing is higher than the iodine solution (1)
net movement of water from the tubing to the iodine solution (1) by osmosis

(c) If the whole set-up was put in a water bath at 80 oC, do you think there would be
any differences in the experimental results? Explain. (2 marks)
The changes would become more rapid.(1)
Higher temperature results in faster movements of all molecules. (1)

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7. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

Human milk contains all the nutrients a young baby needs in exactly the right 1
proportions. It is formed in the mammary glands by small groups of milk-
producing cells. These cells absorb substances from the blood and use them to
synthesise the lipids, carbohydrates and proteins found in milk.

The main carbohydrate in milk is lactose. Lactose is a disaccharide formed by 5

the condensation of two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose.

Lactose is synthesised in the milk-producing cells and transported in vesicles

through the cytoplasm. Because lactose is unable to escape from these vesicles,
they increase in diameter as they move towards the plasma membrane. The
vesicle membranes fuse with the plasma membrane and the vesicles empty their 10
contents out of the cell.

(a) Suggest a food test which could test for the presence of lactose. (1 mark)
Benedict’s test (1)

(b) Using your knowledge of water potential, explain why the vesicles “increase in
diameter as they move towards the plasma membrane” (line 9). (3 marks)
Lactose is soluble (1) and cannot escape from the vesicles (1)?
Lower water potential inside the vesicles (1)
Water enter the vesicles from cytoplasm by osmosis (1)

(c) Name the process of which “the vesicles empty their contents out of the cell”
(lines 10-11). (1 mark)
Exocytosis (1)

(d) Suggest and explain one significance of having a large number of mitochondria
inside the milk-producing cells. (2 marks)
(Carry out respiration) to produce a large amount of energy (1)
for synthesis of milk / transport of vesicles (1)

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8. The diagram below shows part of the cell membrane. The arrows show the
movement of substance X diffusing through the cell membrane and substance Y
passing through the cell membrane with the help of molecule A. Transport of
substance Y requires energy.

Substance X Substance Y
Molecule A

(a) State one property of substance X which allows it to diffuse through the cell
membrane along the path as shown in the above diagram. (1 mark)
Lipid soluble / hydrophobic (1)

(b) Name molecule A. (1 mark)

Carrier protein (1)

(b) State two differences between the process of which substance X and sodium ions
passing through the cell membrane apart from energy requirement. (2 marks)
Movement of substance X into the cell does not require a carrier while
movement of sodium ions does (1)
Movement of substance X along the concentration gradient while movement of
sodium ions could be against it. (1)

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9. A cook prepares a fresh fruit salad by cutting up a variety of fruits and placing
them in a bowl with layers of sugar in between. After two hours the fruit is
surrounded by syrup (concentrated sugar solution).

(a) Explain why the syrup is produced after two hours. (4 marks)
Fine sugar surrounding the fruits dissolves into the water pieces of moist fruit and
forms sugar solution (1)
Water potential of the sugar solution on surface of fruits is very low compared
with the water potential of fruit cells (1)
Net movement of water from the fruits (cells) to the surroundings (1)
further dissolves the rest of the fine sugar and forms syrup (1)

(b) The cook tastes the fruit after two hours and finds the texture of the fruits becomes
very soft. In the space below, draw a fully-labelled diagram to show the appearance of
a fruit cell under a light microscope after two hours. (4 marks)
Correct drawing and label of:
cell wall; cell membrane; nucleus; vacuole (any 3 @1, max 3 marks)
Diagram showing the plasmolysed cell (1 mark)

(c) Suggest one way to restore the “crispiness” of the soften fruits. (2 marks)
Put the pieces of fruits into distilled water (1) for a period of time e.g. 2 hours (1)

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10. David is the manager of a washing powder manufacturing company. He is asked
to plan adding enzymes into the washing powder so as to enhance its cleaning power.

(a) If David wants to make the washing powder more powerful in removing stains of
oil and egg, what enzymes should be added into the washing powder? (2 marks)
Lipase (1) and protease (1)

(b) The enzymes added have to remain active during the washing process. Washing
powder is strongly alkaline and people sometimes like to wash clothes with water
as hot as 50 - 60˚C. The graphs below show the activity of three enzymes, X, Y
and Z, under different temperatures and pH values:

Based on the above information, which enzyme, X, Y or Z, is most suitable to be

added in the washing powder? Explain your answer. (3 marks)
Enzyme Y (1)
It has an optimum pH of about pH10, it can remain active in the alkaline conditions.
(1)
It can maintain moderately high activity in the range of temperature from 25˚C to
60˚C. Therefore, it is suitable for using in water at room temp or hot water for
washing. (1)

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(c) The use of bioactive washing powder would differ in some ways with ordinary
washing powder. An “Instructions for Use” was given to the customers. Based on
your biological knowledge, explain why customers should follow the instructions
to get a better result.

Instructions for using bioactive washing powder

1. To have the best performance, use warm water at about 40˚C instead of cold
water.
Reason:
This range is around the optimum temperature of the enzyme (1)
Both the enzyme and substrate molecules have more kinetic energy (1) /
vibrate faster
This increase the chance of forming the enzyme-substrate complex (1)
(3 marks)

2. Soak clothes in water with the washing powder for at least half an hour.
Reason:
enzymatic reaction takes time (1)
(1 mark)
3. Do not use water hotter than 60˚C to wash clothes.
Reason:
the enzyme molecules will be denature (1) as high temperature breaks down
the weak bonding necessary for maintaining the three dimensional shape of the
enzyme (1).
(2 marks)

4. A small amount of washing powder is enough to wash up to 5 kg of clothes.

Reason:
Enzyme remain unchanged(1) after the enzymatic reaction. It can be used
again (1)
(2 marks)
End of Section B
End of paper

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