B.

2 ULS COMBINATIONS OF ACTIONS

Table B.1 – Examples of ULS Combinations of Actions for Typical Road Bridges

ULS Persistent

Traffic Leading + Thermal

Traffic Leading + Thermal

Traffic Leading + Wind6

Traffic Leading + Wind6

Thermal Leading

Thermal Leading
Bearing Friction

Bearing Friction
Wind Leading

Wind Leading
γSup γInf ψ ψ ψ ψ ψ γSupψ γInfψ γSupψ γInfψ γSupψ γInfψ γSupψ γInfψ γSupψ γInfψ
Concrete 1.35 0.95 1 1 1 1 1 1.35 0.95 1.35 0.95 1.35 0.95 1.35 0.95 1.35 0.95
Self Weight
Steel 1.20 0.95 1 1 1 1 1 1.20 0.95 1.20 0.95 1.20 0.95 1.20 0.95 1.20 0.95
2
Surfacing 1.20 0.95 1 1 1 1 1 1.20 0.95 1.20 0.95 1.20 0.95 1.20 0.95 1.20 0.95
SDL
Other SDL 1.50 0.95 1 1 1 1 1 1.50 0.95 1.50 0.95 1.50 0.95 1.50 0.95 1.50 0.95
Settlement 1.20 0 1 1 1 1 1 1.20 0 1.20 0 1.20 0 1.20 0 1.20 0
Other
Shrinkage 1.00 1.00 1 1 1 1 1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Permanent
Prestress 1.10 0.90 1 1 1 1 1 1.10 0.90 1.10 0.90 1.10 0.90 1.10 0.90 1.10 0.90
gr1a TS 1.35 0 1 1 0.75 0.75 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 1.01 0 1.01 0
gr1a UDL 1.35 0 1 1 0.75 0.75 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 1.01 0 1.01 0
Traffic Actions3, 4 & 5

gr1a Footway 1.35 0 1 1 0.40 0.40 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 0.54 0 0.54 0

gr1b 1.35 0 1 1 0 0 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 0 0 0 0
gr2 1.35 0 1 1 0 0 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 0 0 0 0
gr3 1.35 0 1 1 0 0 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 0 0 0 0
Variable Actions

gr4 1.35 0 1 1 0 0 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 0 0 0 0

gr5 1.35 0 1 1 0 0 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 0 0 0 0
gr6 1.35 0 1 1 0 0 0 1.35 0 1.35 0 0 0 0 0
Wind5
Other Variable Actions4

1.55 0.78 1.55

(Simplified or or 0 0.50 1 or 0 or 0
Full Procedure) 2.10 1.05 2.10
Thermal 1.45 0 0.60 1 0.87 0 1.45 0
Accidental 1.00 0
Seismic 1.00 0
Bearing Friction 1.30 0 1 1.30 0
1. Permanent actions and leading variable actions (or accidental /seismic actions) do not need to be reduced by combination factors ψ in the
combination of actions. For convenience of presentation, they are indicated to have a combination factor ψ = 1 in the table.
2. The nominal value of surfacing is varied in accordance with the UK NA to BS EN 1991-1-1 Table NA.1. This requires +55% and -40% of
the nominal value to be considered for any combination.
3. Either gr1a or gr1b or gr2 or gr3 or gr4 or gr5 or gr6 is applied in any one combination.
4. In accordance with BS EN 1990 Clause A2.2.2(2), LM2 and the concentrated load Qfwk on footways need not be combined with any other
variable non traffic action.
5. In accordance with BS EN 1990 Clause A2.2.2(3), gr2, gr3 and gr4 need not be combined with wind actions.
6. Where road traffic is considered to be simultaneous with wind, the combination value ψ0Fwk of the wind action on the bridge and on the
vehicles should be limited to a value Fw* as specified in Clauses 3.4.2.2(1) and 3.4.3.3(1) of this Manual.
7. The γ factors are those for the STR/GEO Set B.

The ULS transient combinations are identical to the ULS persistent combination unless
modifications are made for a specific project.

B7