EFFECTS OF CORONA VIRUS

18CHAA0 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Submitted by

MONISHA.M
(19IT060)

NISHANTHINI.V
(19IT066)

and

SHRUTI.S
(19IT089)
Guided by

Dr R. VASUDEVAN
Professor/Asst. professor/Lecturer

Department of Chemistry

THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University)

MADURAI – 625 015

May 2020
 THIAGARAJAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Anna University)

MADURAI – 625 015.

CERTIFICATE

Certified that this is a bonafide record of the 18CHAA0 Case study &
Viva Voce done by Ms. MONISHA M (19IT060)
Ms. NISHANTHINI V (19IT066) and Ms. SHRUTI S (19IT089)
of Second Semester B.E/B.Tech Information Technology during the
year 2019 - 2020.

Signature of the Guide Signature of H.D. CHEM

Station: Madurai Date:

Submitted for Viva-Voce examination held at Thiagarajar College of

Engineering, Madurai – 625 015, on __________________.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER H.D. CHEMISTRY

 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the 18CHAA0 case study report entitled

“Effect of corona”, being submitted by Ms. MONISHA M

Ms. NISHANTHINI V and Ms. SHRUTI S .

Ms.SHRUTI.S Dr. R. VASUDEVAN

(B. Tech.STUDENT) (GUIDE)

Station: Madurai Date: 02.05.2020

 LIST OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page No.

No
Title Page
Bonafide Certificate
Certificate
1 INTRODUCTION. i
1.1 CORONA VIRUS i
1.2 SYMPTOMS i
2 LITERATURE REVIEW ii
2.1 REVIEW ON CORONA VIRUS ii
3 PROBLEM DESCRIPTION iii
3.1 POSITIVE IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT iii
3.2 NEGATIVE IMPACT ON SOCIETY iii
4 METHODOLOGY / EXPERIMENTAL SET- iv
UP
4.1 AIR POLLUTION iv
4.2 WATER POLLUTION v
4.3 AQUATIC LIFE v
4.4 STRUGGLES FACED vi
5 PRESENT WORK vi
5.1 AIR POLLUTION vii
5.2 WATER POLLUTION xv
5.3 ACCIDENT DEATH RATE xviii
5.4 WOMEN AND CHILDREN ABUSE xxi
5.5 POOR PEOPLE’S STRUGGLE IN xxiv
LOCKDOWN
5.5.1 STRUGGLES OF FISHERMEN xxiv
5.5.2 FARMER’S STRUGGLES xxiv
5.5.2.1 FARMER’S STRUGGLES xxv
5.5.2.2 WOES OF FARM HANDS xxvi
6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS xxviii
6.1 RESULT xxviii
6.2 DISCUSSIONS xxviii
7 CONCLUSION xxix
7.1 WHAT AFTER THE SITUATON BECOMES xxix
NORMAL?
8 REFERENCES xxx
 ABSTRACT

Coronoviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with nonsegmented ,

single-stranded, and positive-sense RNA genomes. Apart from infecting a
economically important vertebrates (such as pigs and chickens), six
coronoviruses has been known to infect human hosts and cause respiratory
diseases.

This corona virus has stopped many of economic activities due to

contagious disease and has no cured till date to fight with corona. It has produced
economic impact on india.This may produce recession in many part of the world.

Whole world medical team is doing research to find the vaccine and
medicine to cure the COVID-19 until then we should stay safe.

The improvement of medical care can also lead to about one-half

transmission decrease and effectively shorten the duration of the 2019-nCoV.

What are the changes arised after the arrival of corona virus are discussed
in a detail manner in this case study report.
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 CORONA VIRUS:

Corona viruses are a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in
mammals and birds. In humans, these viruses cause respiratory tract infections
that can range from mild to lethal. Mild illnesses include some cases of the
common cold (which is caused also by certain other viruses, predominantly
rhinoviruses), while more lethal varieties can cause SARS, MERS, and COVID-
19. There are 7 type of corona already in exist, but the recent Corona virus
called novel corona (Covid19) which spreads among human rapidly.The virus
was first suspected to be spreading in Wuhan, China by Dr. Li Wenliang in 2019.
China later confirmed it as a novel coronavirus. Dr. Li later succumbed to the
disease.

1.2 SYMPTOMS:
Common symptoms are fever , tiredness , dry cough . And some people
may experience aches and pains , nasal congestion , runny nose , sore throat ,
diarrhoea.

It may take upto 14 days to know whether someone is infected with this
corona virus.

i
 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 REVIEW ON CORONA VIRUS

The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) or the severe acute respiratory

syndrome corona virus 2(SARS-CoV-2) as it is now called, is rapidly spreading
from its origin in Wuhan City of Hubei Province of China to the rest of the world
Till 05/05/2020 around 35,25,116 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
and 2,43,540 deaths have been reported globally. And in India the total cases
confirmed is 53,045 cases and the death rate is 1,787 till Thursday. But the future
course of this virus is unknown. These coronaviruses can become infective when
they attain an animal reservoir that provides an adequate cellular environment
wherein the virus can multiply and acquire a series of advantageous genetic
mutations.

FIGURE 2.1: Corona Virus

ii
 CHAPTER 3

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

3.1 POSITIVE IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT

As the number of coronavirus infections grew exponentially all over the

globe, restrictive public health measures to stave off a worsening pandemic were
put in place. They included stay-at-home orders, which were first issued in Italy
and then in rapid succession in almost all other countries around the world. In a
matter of months, the world has been transformed. Thousands of people have
already died, and hundreds of thousands more have fallen ill. But if we look on
the other side of the coin, coronavirus have positive effects on the environment.
The severe decline in planned travel has caused many regions to experience a
drop-in air pollution.

While the drop-in air pollution is clearly visible, it is also true according to
the statistics that the greenhouse emissions are also reduced to a very much
considerable amount. The polluted water ways maybe canals or rivers across the
globe is now seen very clean and clear. This is in fact a very much appreciable
thing because nature is healing itself and it can do so only when there is no
human intervention. Also, accident rates have been reduced to a great level
compared to last year this time. Department of Police says that they have seen a
great change over the society after these lockdown days. Report says that rod
accidents have been reduced to almost od 99%.

3.2 NEGATIVE IMPACT ON SOCIETY

At the same time of positive impacts in the environment, there are some
negativities in the society too. The first thing, poor people are in distress and
have sad times. They feel sad saying that they are afraid of dying due to lack of
food rather than the deadly corona virus. In recent days, few families were
committing suicide by throwing their children into waters and commit suicide
themselves. The daily workers suffer a lot. Some people during their travel to
own cities by walk suffer a lot. Also, fishermen and farmers also in crisis. Due to
lockdown export and import have been banned for past few days, so that crops
and harvested grains & vegetables ruined and become rot. So, farmers face a
great loss which also resulted in lack of their income. Due to ban of fishing,
fishermen are facing a great crisis for their finance.

iii
 On the other hand, women and children are being abused in their houses. A
great sad view is that, they are being abused by their own family members.

CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY

4.1 AIR POLLUTION:

The coronavirus pandemic had lead to an increase in air quality all around
the world. Lockdowns have resulted in factories and roads shutting , thus
reducing emissions. To contain the coronavirus pandemic, billions of people
have been told to stay at home. Air pollution levels are often influenced by local
meteorology, like temperature or wind speed. Several early analuses are showing
declines in air pollution in regions where shutdowns have taken place.

FIGURE 4.1: POLLUTION LEVEL IN DELHI iv

4.2 WATER POLLUTION:

 The stringent lockdown measures that are set to be lifted on May 3 also
have had an effect on India’s rivers.
ADVERTISEMENT
Pictures of pristine clear waters of the Ganges, India’s longest river
considered holy by Hindus, were enthusiastically shared on social media a few
weeks into the lockdown. India’s pollution monitoring body said the water had
even become fit for bathing in some areas, according to real-time monitors
placed along the 2,575-kilometer (1,600-mile) -long river.

FIGURE 4.2: Yamuna River

4.3 AQUATIC LIFE:

Demand for fish and fish prices have both decreased due to the pandemic and
fishing fleets around the world sit mostly idle. Rainer froese has said the fish
biomass will increase due to sharp decline in fishing and projected that in
European waters, some fish such as herring could double their biomass.

4.3 STRUGGLES FACED: v

The peoples in the world are facing a great struggle during these
lockdown days. The Fishermen and the Farmers face struggle a lot. The
fishermen cannot go to fishing and this leads to their economic struggles and it
is very hard for them to lead their life. On the other hand the farmers are
struggling a lot by not able to harvest the items they have sowed. This makes
them feel unhappy.

CHAPTER 5

PRESENT WORK

5.1 AIR POLLUTION

In India, life under coronavirus brings blue skies and clean air

FIGURE 5.1.1: People stand near the banks of the Yamuna River in New
Delhi on April 6, 2020, during a government-imposed nationwide lockdown
ordered as a measure against the spread of the coronavirus. vi
NEW DELHI — Inside the world’s largest lockdown, there are no flights, no
passenger trains, no taxis and few functioning industries. But one thing is
remarkably abundant: cleaner air.
India is engaged in a desperate bid to “flatten the curve” of coronavirus cases
before they overwhelm the creaky health system in this nation of more than
1.3 billion people.
In the meantime, the three-week lockdown is flattening something else —
India’s notorious air pollution. The speed of the change has surprised even
experts, who say it is proof that dramatic improvements in air quality can be
achieved, albeit at an enormous human and economic cost.
Days after the lockdown began on March 25, the level of particle pollution
considered most harmful to human health fell by nearly 60 percent in New Delhi,
India’s capital, according to an analysis by experts at the nonprofit Center for
Science and Environment. Similar drops have occurred in other major Indian
cities.
FIGURE 5.1.2: India gate before and after lockdown

vii
In normal times, Delhi is the world’s most polluted megalopolis. For much of the
winter, air quality readings remained at levels that in the United States are
considered unhealthy or worse. Last November, the city experienced its longest
spell of hazardous air since such record keeping began.
These days, Delhiites are stuck at home except when picking up essential goods.
But above them are blue skies, the moon and the stars, seen without the usual
barrier of smog. The sight is so striking that “I feel like complimenting the sky
for its beauty,” said Sameer Dhanda, 26, an architect.

viii
FIGURE 5.1.3: The India Gate war memorial in New Delhi on Oct. 17, 2019,
and on April 8, 2020, after air pollution levels dropped during a 21-day
nationwide lockdown to slow the spread of the coronavirus.

ix
In other parts of India, the Himalayan mountain range is visible from a
distance for the first time in years. Waterways choked by industrial pollution,
such as Delhi’s Yamuna River — full of gray foam just months ago — are
flowing unimpeded.
The current reduction in pollution has come at a steep price. Much of the Indian
economy has been idled, forcing vulnerable workers to travel hundreds of miles
to their home villages on foot. Millions could be plunged into poverty or hunger
if the lockdown continues beyond its initial three-week period.
But experts say that there are still lessons to be gleaned, including a chance to
imagine a different future. The decrease in pollution is a “proof of concept” that
demonstrates clean air “is doable,” said Ajay Mathur, a former Indian climate
negotiator and a member of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s council on climate
change. “The linkage between personal behavior and what I will breathe is far
clearer now than it has been in the past.”

FIGURE 5.1.4: The Yamuna River in New Delhi on March 21, 2018, and on
April 8, 2020. x
The first step for any government is to ensure that “the vast number of Indians
have sustainable livelihoods,” Mathur added. Nevertheless, he hopes that policy
changes — such as phasing out dirty industrial fuels and accelerating the shift to
environmentally friendly vehicles — will get a boost in the post-pandemic world.

The first step for any government is to ensure that “the vast number of Indians
have sustainable livelihoods,” Mathur added. Nevertheless, he hopes that policy
changes — such as phasing out dirty industrial fuels and accelerating the shift to
environmentally friendly vehicles — will get a boost in the post-pandemic world.

Mathur often suffers from a raspy voice and persistent cough that doctors have
told him is related to Delhi’s bad air. In the past two weeks, he said, such
symptoms have vanished.
One terrible irony of the current crisis is that a pandemic that makes it difficult
for some to breathe has, by curbing pollution, eased respiratory troubles for
others. Pulmonologists in Delhi say many of their regular patients are breathing
easier and reducing their use of inhalers. For them, this period is a kind of boon,
said Arvind Kumar, a chest surgeon and trustee of the Lung Care Foundation.
India’s long-running battle with pollution may have rendered it particularly
vulnerable to the novel coronavirus. Researchers at Harvard recently found that
places with long-term exposure to higher levels of fine particle pollution —
known as PM2.5 — were associated with higher rates of death caused by covid-
19. Such particles can lodge deep in the lungs and have been linked to high blood
pressure, heart disease, respiratory infections and even cancer. So far, about 200
people in India have died of covid-19, with more than 6,500 cases of the illness
confirmed.

xi
FIGURE 5.1.5: Buildings in New Delhi on Nov 8, 2018 and on April 8, 2020

xii
Anumita Roy Chowdhury, an air pollution expert at Delhi’s Center for Science
and Environment, described India’s improved air quality as “a very big
unintended experiment unfolding in front of us.” The lockdown demonstrates
“the scale at which change is needed,” she said, but also shows people “what it
means to breathe clean air.”

In a huge swath of northern India, the air quality normally varies from poor to
apocalyptic, depending on the time of year, with a brief respite during the annual
monsoon. The worst period begins when temperatures drop in October, trapping
near ground level a mix of industrial emissions, road dust, vehicular exhaust and
ash from burned crop stubble. Pollution begins to ease in February.

Jyoti Pande Lavakare, an author and anti-pollution activist in Delhi, said she
doesn’t remember seeing skies of this type of blue at this time of year in at least a
decade. In recent days, she began doing her morning exercises outside and found
herself lying on her back on her yoga mat, just gazing at the sky.

“After we battle the current pandemic, we need to revisit how we treat the
invisible killer of air pollution,” Lavakare said. The World Health Organization
estimates that polluted air kills 7 million people annually.

For now, Delhi residents are treasuring a rare

upside of a time marked by fear and worry.
Priyanki Choudhury, a 29-year-old account
manager, said she has not experienced
anything like this — clear blue skies in the day
and stars at night — since she was a teenager.
Choudhury was not sure whether the lockdown
would succeed in stemming the spread of
covid-19. But, for the environment, she said, it
is clearly a “time to heal.” xiii
5.1.6 NO2 levels after India’s lockdown

Similar patterns showing drastic falls in pollution levels were seen in parts of
Europe and China since their lockdowns, as industry and transport networks
grind to a virtual halt.

xiv
5.1.7 India’s recovery from air pollution.
5.2 WATER POLLUTION

In India, life under coronavirus brings water species to live and pure waters

5.2.1 Yamuna river comes to real state, in pure form as in olden days.
xv
In Agra, surplus water from the Ganga Jal Pipeline was also being released in the
Yamuna. The two water works in Agra receive 140 cusecs of water continuously
from the 130 km long pipeline. The entire quantity is not used. The excess goes
into the Yamuna, according to a local corporator Anurag Chaubey.

5.2.2 The river ganges comes to its original form.

"When US president Donald Trump visited Agra on February 24, water was
released by upstream barrages, but it did not reach Agra. Trump, however, did
not go to the rear side of the Taj Mahal, otherwise the polluted and dry Yamuna
would have disturbed him. But for the last 25 days or so, we are enjoying a rare
view of Yamuna at the Etmauddaula View Point park. The river bed is under
water and birds have returned," said River Connect Campaign member Jugal
Kishore Shrotriya who conducts a daily arti of Yamuna to mobilise locals to keep
the river clean.

xvi
5.2.3 COVID-19 Pollution cut is not a world without cars: it's without oil

Seas have been cleared and become moisture and dust-free during these
lockdown days. And creatures of sea have their rights to be free in their kingdom.

5.2.4 Here are some ‘Before and After’ Lockdown pictures from Indian seas
(Southern beaches)

xvii
5.3 ACCIDENT DEATH RATE:

In India, life under coronavirus brings very few death rates due to accidents

5.3.1 Road accident death rates survey of 2016

Mr. Modi imposed a lockdown of India’s 1.3 billion people on March 25 in a bid
to stop the spread of the coronavirus, which has infected over 23,400 people,
according to the latest figures, and killed 723 of them.

xviii
The lower number of recorded deaths in parts of India, contrasts with the
Netherlands, for example, which recorded about 2,000 more deaths than normal
in the first week of April.

In Indonesia’s capital of Jakarta the number of funerals rose sharply in March

and some towns in Italy also saw a jump in recorded deaths.

Indian doctors, officials and crematorium employees suspect a drop in the

number of road and rail accidents is a major factor.

“Road accident cases, and even patients with alcohol or drug abuse, stroke and
heart attacks, have been coming in fewer numbers,” said Dr Himanta Biswa
Sarma, health minister for the northeastern state of Assam.

Figure 5.3.2 Road accidents in India decline for 2018.

xix
Accidents on India’s chaotic roads killed more than 151,400 people in 2018,
according to official data.

The coronavirus lockdown, which is due to end on May 3, will cut road deaths by
at least 15% this year compared with 2018, said Paresh Kumar Goel, a director at
the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways.

With passenger trains halted, fatalities from all-too-common rail accidents have
also plunged. In Mumbai alone, for example, more than half a dozen people
typically die every day on the rail network.

“We used to get at least 10 accident-related bodies every day and many related to
murder cases. But after the lockdown, we’re only receiving natural death cases,”
Kumar said.
One kind of death that has been almost entirely ‘flattened’ due to the lockdown is
the one caused by road accidents. According to a Government of India report,
nearly 1.5 lakh people died every year in road accidents between 2016 and 2018.
The figure of 1,51,417 in 2018 included more than 22,000 pedestrians killed in
accidents involving vehicles

xx
5.4 WOMEN AND CHILDREN ABUSE:
In India, life under coronavirus brings women and into abuse It is well-
documented that during a war, a natural disaster or a pandemic, women’s bodies
bear the worse brunt of the crisis. Domestic violence against women is already
widespread and under-reported in India. Now, at the time of the COVID-19
pandemic, the United Nations recognises domestic violence against women as a
“shadow pandemic”. The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a huge spike in
domestic violence against women in China, Australia, France, the U.K., Spain,
and Bangladesh, among others. In India, too, the National Commission for
Women has reported a large increase in distress calls from victims of domestic
violence since the pandemic broke out.

5.4.1 Women being abused in these lockdown period.

 xxi

In its note on April 7, the WHO also highlighted that violence against women
tends to increase during every type of emergency, including epidemics.
In the second week of April, the Delhi Police recorded a “total event count” of
2,446 that pertained to the “event type: women”. Put simply, nearly 2,500
women in Delhi called emergency helpline numbers which triggers the
Emergency Response Support System of the state police. Of these calls over 600
were classified as “women abuse”, 23 calls reported rape, while a majority —
1612 — pertained to domestic violence.

Coronavirus lockdown|Govt. helpline receives 92,000 calls on child abuse

and violence in 11 days
The Childline India helpline received more than 92,000 SOS calls asking for
protection from abuse and violence in 11 days, a sombre indication that
the lockdown has turned into extended captivity not just for many women but
also for children trapped with their abusers at home.
Of the 3.07 lakh calls received by the ‘CHILDLINE 1098’ helpline for children
in distress across the country between March 20-31, covering the first week of
the lockdown, 30% were about protection against abuse and violence on children,
said Harleen Walia, deputy director of Childline India. This comes to 92,105
calls.
 5.4.2 Fill rate
xxii

According to Walia, the number of calls after the lockdown, which started after
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s speech on March 24, has increased by 50%.
Many women who are victims of domestic violence are also more vulnerable
during the lockdown.
“To overcome the immediate and long-term impact of the crisis, the government
should ensure, on priority basis: access to critical services such as healthcare,
nutrition, food security, mental health and psychosocial support, protection
against violence and ensure social protection and child-sensitive cash transfer
initiatives to the most vulnerable children and poorest families,” the child rights
bodies said.

5.4.3 Children are being abused by their own family members.

 xxiii

5.5 POOR PEOPLE’S STRUGGLES IN LOCKDOWN

In India, life under coronavirus brings poor people in dusk

‘Eating less so we don’t run out food’

Families confirm that they have received the dole of Rs 1,000 but say that there
has been an inadequate distribution of free rice, pulses, cooking oil and sugar
which the state government announced as part of its COVID-19 relief measures.

On April 3, it was reported that the fair price shops failed to provide 5 kg of
wheat leading to chaos.

These are families who lived in slums along water bodies for generations, in the
heart of the city and were economically active members in the unorganised sector
working as househelps, drivers and painters and painstakingly rebuilt their lives.

5.5.1 STRUGGLES OF FISHERMEN:

Figure 5.5.1 Fishing has been banned. Fishermen in crisis. xxiv
The nationwide lockdown to contain the COVID-19 pandemic and the fishing
ban for 61 days from April 14 have dealt a double blow to the fishing community
in Tamil Nadu. A total of 13 seashore districts and 606 fishing hamlets are
awaiting additional relief for the lockdown and towards the extended fishing ban
period. The complexity in renewing the membership in the welfare boards for
workers above the age of 60 and non-issuance of membership cards to registered
workers have left out a large number of the community from getting a cash relief
of Rs 1,000.

The fishermen used to utilise this ban period on carrying out maintenance works
of their fishing vessels. With the lockdown severely affecting their income over
the past three weeks, they are already left with very little cash to carry out the
works.

The fishermen and the unions are demanding the revision of the aid since the
number of days were increased. “The 61 days fishing ban along with the
lockdown has put the fishing community in a very critical condition. The
governments should consider revising the aid provided to them during the ban to
Rs 15,000 since they are already under severe loss,” said S Anthony, general
secretary of Tamil Nadu Fishermen Workers’ Union.

5.5.2 FARMER’S STRUGGLES:

NEW DELHI - Summer fruits and vegetables have ripened, a bumper crop of
wheat is ready for harvest in India, but hobbled by severe labor shortages,
transport bottlenecks and plummeting demand due to a nationwide coronavirus
lockdown, millions of farmers are staring at huge losses.

The setback caused by the COVID-19 pandemic will plunge the country’s
struggling rural economy that supports nearly half its population into further
distress, according to farm economists.

xxv

Figure 5.5.2 Harvested crops ruined. Farmers in distress.

5.5.2.1 VEGETABLES ROT, DRY IN FIELD

An acute scarcity of labourers for harvesting crops, closed markets and lack of
transportation has left farmers of rural Tamil Nadu in the lurch.

xxvi

Figure 5.5.2.1 Fruits and vegetables rot. Lead to great loss for farmers

Pointing to the labour problem, they say although farm hands are willing to come
for harvest, police don’t allow them to, citing lockdown norms.
5.5.2.2 WOES OF FARM HANDS
Pointing to the labour problem, he says although farm hands are willing to come
for harvest, police don’t allow them to, citing lockdown norms.
With no money and rising prices of essentials, it is now becoming difficult of
labourers like them to feed their families.

xxvii
CHAPTER 6

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6.1 RESULTS:
When a major crisis impacts your operations, brands are forced to re-think their
marketing strategies, and the ways in which they communicate with their
audiences on social media.
With the COVID-19 pandemic, however, things are a little different. The
coronavirus outbreak has impacted everybody, with every business across the
world altered in some form as a result of the global lockdowns and mitigation
measures to limit the virus' spread.
That's forced all of us to re-assess what we're sharing, when we're sharing it, and
how we stay connected with people via social platforms.
6.2 DISCUSSION:
Clear blue skies, a very rare sight in our world is possible now due to
coronavirus.
According to a research by Columbia University, both carbon monoxide
and carbon-dioxide emissions were observed to have fallen by around 50
percent and 10 percent, respectively.
Birds and animals are free from pollution created by human activity.So
they are happy to live in this world. This is happened due to lockdown as
per Government law.
And the death rates due to road accidents are reduced due to the lockdown
as instructed by our Government.
But this lockdown is not suited for a family man who are always running
for a job and earning. This lockdown made them sit in one place and they
are struggling for the food etc.
xxviii

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

7.1 WHAT AFTER THE SITUATION BECOMES NORMAL?

Thus we conclude that the
Carefully considering “Whom to Image”, “Where to Image”, and
“How to Image” has the potential to reduce the risks of transmission. The
actions we take now, and the plans we put in place, have the potential to
change the shape of imaging research for many years to come.
The positive changes in environment happened now should remain as such
forever. This could be done only by our behavior towards nature.
Covid-19 hasled to such a profound change so fast. As well as the toll of early
deaths, the pandemic has brought widespread job losses and threatened the
livelihoods of millions as businesses struggle to cope with the restrictions being
put in place to control the virus. Economic activity has stalled and stock markets
have tumbled alongside the falling carbon emissions. Its the precisely opposite of
the drive towards a decarbonised, sustainable economy that many have been
advocating for decades.
A global pandemic that is claiming peoples lives certainly shouldnt be seen as a
way of bringing about environmental change either. For one thing, its far from
certain how lasting this dip in emissions will be. When the pandemic eventually
subsides, will carbon and pollutant emissions bounce back so much that it will be
as if this clear-skied interlude never happened? Or could the changes we see
today have a more persistent effect? xxix
It is important to remember that the lockdown is not going to last forever. So
must take other steps to keep the pollution to going to its previous levels. So as
citizens we must do our duty to keep the pollution levels low. Reducing the
amount of vehicles on road and a good balance between work from home and
going to office can help. Changing to pollution free modes of transport such as
solar and electric powered cars can help
CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES

These are the links we referred during the case study

1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6

2. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/india-coronavirus-delhi-
clean-air-pollution/2020/04/10/ac23dd1e-783e-11ea-a311-
adb1344719a9_story.html
3. https://www.dtnext.in/News/TamilNadu/2020/03/28054427/1222128/Lockdown-
Tasmac-may-lose-Rs-2500-cr.vpf
 4. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/lockdown-in-tamil-nadu-tasmac-
liquor-shops-bars-to-remain-closed-till-april-30/articleshow/75133823.cms
5. https://thefederal.com/news/how-covid-19-lockdown-has-left-tns-rural-economy-
high-and-dry/
6. https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/indian-farmers-
struggle-harvest-sell-crops-during-covid
7. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/agriculture/farmers-are-among-the-heroes-of-
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