A STUDY ON ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Osman Sabor Rahama Khrif

Senior panel Operator -SABIC
Email: osmansabor5555@yahoo.com
Abstract: Energy Management system technology has been evolved over three decades. With increment
in technology and power, trends and this require a real-time management. And with increasing energy
crisis, the need for management of energy is also rising. This report is based on general discussion on
energy management system. It discusses the process, approaches, types, features, importance and a brief
case study.

Keywords: power, real-time management, Energy management.

1. INTRODUCTION

The energy is the global concern in today's configured into a network with control functions
century, with the demand of natural resources, at multiple locations and a point of operator
which utilized for industrial purposes are supervision and control.1
diminishing with the increase in demand.
Unfortunately, these natural resources are
limited and will take centuries to stock up the
storage. International organizations and
governments are making policies and taking
steps to overcome energy crisis. One of the best
solutions is energy management system.

Energy management systems have played a

major role in energy distribution and
optimization of production costs. EMS allows to
access real-time operating and information
regarding performance of energy equipment.
Also optimize and control them and make sure
to maintain energy utilization efficiencies. The
system can take analysis of the overall utility
patterns and take measure to reduce the energy
usage.

What is an Energy Management

System and How It Works?
Energy Management System (EMS) by
definition is a system is set of software tools use
by operators of electric utility grids to monitor,
control and analyze energy performance. It
utilize microprocessor, building field panels,
communication cables between the field panel, 1Energy Management Systems and Direct Digital Control
control equipment, software programs By Richard A. Panke
 this data to find out the efficiency of energy
management system.

With time revolution in EMSs has been noticed.

By 2004, EMS Manufacturers had begun to
offer Window based solutions, before those
systems were based on UNIX and OPENVMS.
And today you can manage home based energy
system with smartphones. Though, we are here
discussing computer-based systems.

An EMS can be implemented according to either

the available ISO 50001-energy management
standard or a custom EMS approach of a
company or building where it is implemented.
An approach that involves all levels, and
functions of the company and requires
continuous commitment of top management.
This ensures the motivations of the operator,
which is a key element in the effective
functioning of EMS framework.
Figure 1: An example of an Energy Management
System The basic EMS process is based on Plan-Do-
Check-Act continual improvement framework:
EMS can facilitate buildings where it yields
significant consumption for example heating, Plan: Conduct energy review and establish the
ventilation and lighting installation. The scope baseline, benchmark similar sites, set objectives
may span from a single building to a group of and targets, develop resources an action plans
buildings, schools, hospitals, retail stores, offices necessary to deliver results in accordance with
or factories. These systems also collect data on the energy policy.
the energy consumption. And analyze and track
Do: Implement the action plans.

Check: Monitor and measure processes, review

the level of target achievement and effectiveness
of the against the objective of the energy policy.

Act: Recognize achievements, take actions to

continuously improve energy performance and
the EMS and derive new objectives.2

2AN INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS:

ENERGY SAVINGS AND INCREASED INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTIVITY FOR THE IRON AND STEEL SECTOR (2015)
#DSTI/SU/SC(2014)14/FINAL
  Prioritize the implementation plan based
on payback period of each area.
 Make a plan to track the performance of
and evaluate the energy management
system in terms of cost savings upon
system implementation.
 Select the system so that it can be
expanded to integrate future energy
systems.3

Figure 2: A visual presentation of EMS Process

Energy Management Systems:

Approaches
Successful energy management systems require
careful planning and designation of each area
integrated in the system with respect to the
specific objectives need to be achieved. All kind
of energy management projects needs well-
defined objectives and logical steps. Following
are the approaches that may satisfy the needs:

 Identify and define the areas where

energy management opportunities exist.
 Determine system functions, hardware
and software requirements for each area.
 Make a cost-benefit analysis for the
selected areas of system. A saving
project is important to satisfy capital
expenditure. 3
Computer-based energy management systems
Book by Chun H. Cho
Energy Management Systems: microprocessor work to stop/start different
HVAC systems according to schedule.
Features
Class II EMSs
The basic features of an energy management
system are as follow; These are similar to Class I except they have
potential to serve larger buildings and
 Monitoring the system state by means of complexes. Software for these systems provide
analog and digital information function such as: executive and operating
 Interaction with the power system in a instructions, scheduled stop/start operations,
load rotation and shedding, control points
preventive manner
resetting, optimization of start time, enthalpy
 Regulation of frequency and voltage optimization and five alarm and life safety
 Reliable and complete system system monitoring. These systems have ability
to monitor around 2000 addressable points.
information despite wrong o missing
When these systems manage a group of building
data or complexes.
 Evaluation of operational risks for the
Class III EMSs: Direct Digital Control (DDC)
present or future state
 Actions to improve power system This is the most sophisticated type of EMSs and
is referred to as direct digital control (DDC).
security DDC is defined as a digital computer that
 Optimal primary energy usage measures particular variables, process the data
observing environment aspects.4 via control algorithm

Energy Management Systems:

Types
There are a variety of computer-based EMSs
available in markets today ranging from home to
large facility management systems. Many types
of systems are available. Different
manufacturing companies are introducing genre
of building automation system for a large range
of buildings. These systems are classified into 3
types as follow;

Class I EMSs

These consist of small monitoring and control

systems that can be utilized in a building up to
100,000 ft2. The basic component is a

4
Energy Management Systems: Operation and
Control of Electric Energy Transmission Systems
By Handschin, Edmund, Petroianu, Alexander
and controls a terminal device to maintain the The first important thing is that it helps you in
on/off status of an output device. The term identification and evaluation of energy use and
"digital" refers to the digitally process of consumption in different areas of the
input/output information. I/O devices can be transmission. It helps to improve energy
digital or analog. Most inputs are analog signal performance in the areas identified as high
converted to digital signals by the computer consumer.
while outputs are digital. DDC systems use
software to program microprocessor, therefore 2. Identification and prioritization of savings
providing excellent flexibility for controlling opportunities
and modifying sophisticated control Another benefit is identification of EMS is the
applications. Changing control sequence by identification of those saving measurements
modifying software helps in the improvement of whose implementation could help to improve
EMS's performance.5 energy performance. once identified, prioritize
DDC systems are used for building complexes them by
for example, hospitals or university campuses.
Its functions include reset of supply if air
system, building management, optimization of
resource equipments, lightening control,
preventive maintenance, energy auditing and
information book keeping.

Figure 3: design of DDC

Energy Management Systems: Importance

Energy Managements is the key to control and

reduce energy consumption. There are four main
reasons for which an EMS is useful.

1. Identification and assessment of utilization

and consumption

5
ENERGY MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK Edited by Wayne
C. Turner
comparing economic variables. These that allows a major portion of the stream
opportunities will also help in establishing the distribution system to be shutdown. The Pantex
objectives and action plans. Plant provided funds for in-house project. FEMP
provided project facilitation support to acquaint
3. Defining the energy baseline the management team with the unique
The energy baseline is the reference tool used requirements of a Super ESPC.
for comparing the energy performance. the To conclude this case study according to the
baseline facilitates comparison between current research, DOE's Pantex Plant is successfully
energy performance and energy performance using the Super ESPC process to replace old,
before implementing the management system. inefficient without the growth in annual energy
cost. The new EMCS allows to have automated
4. Tracking the system
controls for its industrial process. The new
It helps to collect past and present data along energy-equipment and enhanced operating
with future estimates, analyzed to determine if procedures improve activity.
the system is meeting its current energy
objectives and to establish the future energy Conclusion
goals and programs.
Energy management systems ensure continuous
Case Study improvement of energy performance through the
implementation of energy objectives aimed at
US department of Energy Pantex Plant reducing consumption and measurement of
results. EMS is effective in giving solutions.
In recent years, DOE Pantex Plant nuclear weapons
assembly and disassembly facility had been Also, we learnt through a case study that an
struggling to maintain an energy management system efficient EMS can bring better outcomes.
that was installed in 80's. Plant's process control was
not capable and replacement or expansion parts were REFRENCES
not available.
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The Pantex Plant's energy management team worked Control By Richard A. Panke
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energy savings and increased industrial productivity
and water. The energy management and control
for the iron and steel sector (2015)
system they implemented, controls 54 large air
handling in 20 buildings. It optimizes the use of the 3. ENERGY MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK Edited
economizer cycle, turns off the blower fan in non- by Wayne C. Turner
working hours and uses variable-volume controls
when the site is occupied. The system also monitors 4. Computer-based energy management systems
the performance of other conversion measures; And Book by Chun H. Cho
NORESCO designed the EMCS to allow for future
5. Energy Management Systems: Operation and
expansion and process control. NORESCO uses the
Control of Electric Energy Transmission Systems
communications feature of EMCS to remotely By Handschin, Edmund, Petroianu, Alexander
monitor equipment performance and saving.
6. US Department of Pantex Plant
The improved chiller water/stream piping (https://energy.gov/eere/femp/us-department-energy-
pantex-plant)
disconnects small loads from eight stand-alone
chillers and connects them to existing chiller 7. Energy Management and Control System: Desired
Capabilities and Functionality Edited by D.D. Hatley
loop. A variable-frequency -drive pumping
arrangement operates the central chiller loop.
Gas-fired water heaters provide summer load