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Saint James Academy

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

This chapter discusses the introduction, background of the study, theoretical

framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, significance of the

study, scope and limitation and definition of terms.

Introduction

In the diverse and wide community of Saint James Academy, the amount

of students has posed a predicament in terms of seat comfortability and the

quantity of people the school’s gymnasium can accompany. The eminent problem

stemmed from the observation of most students, faculties and staff. Built in 1955,

Fr. Guido Coletti Gymnasium has been standing alongside with the institution per

se, Saint James Academy. Through the years, this structure has aged well, and still

continues to develop with the growing population of students, particularly the

recent addition of the senior high school department.

In conjunction with school competencies and the students’ quality

education expectations, comes the commodious facilities the school has to offer.

Based on evolutionary economics and innovation systems, it has been shown that

the relationship between higher education and economic development is affected

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by local capabilities and geo-graphic context (Kruss et al. 2015). The institution is

built on a small land, and with the increasing demand of the population of

students, teachers and staff, the congestion in the closed gymnasium is highly

plausible.

The total area of the gymnasium is 5,850,000 cm or 58,500 meters (from

the formula of length multiplied by the width). From getting the average cm2 of the

seating measurement of 10 sample students from the pre-elementary, elementary,

junior and senior high school, and dividing each with their corresponding total

number of students, the assessment of the student seating measurement against the

total area of the gymnasium will be conducted.

Guided that: (average cm2)(total population) = product and the total

population: Pre-elementary: 106, Elementary: 416, Junior High School: 642 and

Senior High School: 326. Pre-elementary: (3022.5 cm2)(106) = 321,385,

Elementary: (3958 cm2)(416) = 1,646,528, Junior High School: (4918.0 cm2)(642)

= 3,157,356, Senior High School: (5601.1 cm2)(326) = 1,825,958.6, which gives us

the total area of 6,927,001.4.

Now, from subtracting the total area computed from the total area of the

gymnasium: 6,927,001.4- 5,850,000 = 1,077,001.4. The assessment indicates that

the gymnasium’s area lacks 1,077,001.4 for the students’ accommodation and

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approximately 249 students cannot fit comfortable inside the gymnasium. From

the total number of students 1490, only 1214 students can sit with ample spacing.

This paper aims to target the vicinity of the gymnasium (science and TLE

laboratory, men and women’s bathrooms, the CAMtiago/The Jamesian office,

audio control room and the audiovisual room), as well as consider the factors such

as ventilation, safety (emergency exits), convenience and design. One of the main

goals of this project is to incorporate green architecture (or green design) which is

an approach to building that minimizes harmful effects on human health and the

environment. The "green" architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water,

and earth by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices.

The highest goal of green architecture is to be fully sustainable (Craven, 2017).

In the modern setting, the researchers aim to tether the design with green

with sustainability as to preserve and support the global movement towards a

greener environment. Having said that, the researchers’ proposed design is the

renovation of the Fr. Guido Coletti gymnasium, all the while keeping the area of

the said facility at it were. One of the main designs to be provided is the bleachers,

which will be the cause of the decrease of compression among population.

Included is the goal to design a roof that will shelter a gray water catchment that

will lead directly to the bathrooms or the other side of the gymnasium, the faucets

connected to the science laboratory, free for usage. This is to reuse the water for

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drainage, gardening, cleaning or academic purposes, as well as save the utility of

water that will diminish the costing of such. Another main goal is to provide

comfortability for the students, faculty and staff in using the facility provided by

the institution as the eagerness from the direct observation prevails for a better stay

at the institution. The aim is to decrease uncomfortableness and lessen the risk

factors that might affect the students’ health conditions. Research (Acoustic,

thermal and luminous comfort in classrooms by Eduardo L. Krüger and

Paulo H.T.Zannin) suggests that students need to be comfortable (just like

adults) to learn, that includes ergonomic seating and other furnishings,

ample daylight, lots of fresh air, and well-designed artificial lighting and

acoustics. Another study (Can Architectural design alter the physiological

reaction to psychosocial stress? A virtual TSST experiment., an article in

Physiology & Behavior) revealed that more enclosed spaces lead to an

increase in cortisol, the stress hormone (Prakash Nair, 2014). Above all,

the researchers’ intention is to better the amenities and services under the

administration to further the capabilities and potential of those under.

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Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework gives the viewpoint of this study. The focus of this

study was design of a proposed plan for the renovation of the gymnasium and

utilizing gray water basin system.

The design of conceptual framework of this study aims to give an

indication of the researchers to target. The first box is the “conceive”, which

represent the knowledge requirements needed to consider for the first step in

conducting the study for the renovation of the gymnasium. The second box which

is the “design”, contains the other requirements that is also needed in the plan for

the proposed study. The third box is the “implement”, it is the process of the first

phase of the plan which is the Pre-Construction/Pre-Development Phase. It also

helps to accomplish the desired output of the study. The fourth box is the

“operate”, this is the output of the study. The researchers develop an appropriate

proposed plan for the renovation of the gymnasium and utilizing graywater

catchment system.

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Conceptual Paradigm

OPERATE

Proposed plan for the

renovation of the
gymnasium through a
bleacher and utilizing
gray water basin
IMPLEMENT system
Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm

Pre- Construction/ Pre-

Development Phase

 Feasibility
Study
 Planning and
Design
 Risk analysis
 Utility
requirements
DESIGN
 Requirements
Site plan and
site evaluation
 Preparing
 3D – Model
Project
 Sketch up
Description
 Blueprint
Report
 AutoCad

CONCEIVE
Knowledge Requirements
(Gymnasium and Bleachers)

 External Parameters
- History
- Location
 Materials
specification and
design
- Steel and Timber
- Concrete
- Electrical and
Lightings
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- Ventilation
 Capacity of the
Gymnasium
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The conceptual paradigm describes the Conceive-Design-Implement-

Operate model. The conceive includes the knowledge requirements for the

gymnasium bleachers: external parameters, materials specification and design, and

capacity of the gymnasium; knowledge requirements for reusable graywater basin

system: green architecture, gutter and plumbing system and materials

specification. In the design, it includes the other requirements; the 3-d model,

SketchUp, blueprint, and the AutoCAD that are needed for making the plan

needed for the research project. In the implement, it describes the out the all-out

plan of the research project. Then, the operate contains the proposed plan for the

renovation of the gymnasium through a bleacher and utilizing graywater basin

system.

Objectives of the Study

This study on the proposed plan for the renovation of the gymnasium with

the incorporation of bleachers and gray water catchment seeks to attain the

following objectives:

1. To pre-evaluate if the renovation of the gymnasium in SJA is feasible in

terms of:

1.1 Location and;

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1.2 Existing facilities

2. To be able to provide a detailed plan for the renovation, addition of

bleachers in Saint James Academy by means of their:

2.1 Steel and Timber Design;

2.2 Concrete Design;

2.3 Interior Design;

2.4 Color Techniques Design and;

2.5 Electrical Wirings.

3. To be able to assess the feasibility study of the plan in terms of:

3.1 Material Specification;

3.2 Cost Estimation and;

3.3 National Building Code.

4. To be able to provide an elaborate plan for the incorporation of green

architecture (gray water catchment system) in the renovation and

addition of bleachers in Saint James Academy in terms of:

4.1 Sewage and Plumbing; Storage System

4.1.1 Material Specification

4.1.2 Cost Estimation

5. To be able to fortify results and recommendations through a cost benefit

analysis.

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Significance of the Study

With the main purpose of suggesting ways to improve Saint James

Academy through a proposed plan for the gymnasium renovation through a

bleacher and gray water catchment system. The researchers believe that this study

bears significance to the following:

To the Administrators. Through this study, the staff and faculty will have

clear notion as to the ideas of the researchers, therefore enlightening them with the

proposed ideal structure of the facility. This will also provide a guide for them to

follow and to develop their own contribution to improve the institution under the

current administration.

To the Students. This study will help them to avoid student congestion and

poor health conditions while maintaining comfortability.

To the Parents. This study will make them able to know the factors that

may help their children appreciate the school’s environment. In like manner, the

results may also help parents to become more involved in the education and the

current state of their children’s sake inside the institution.

To the Future Researchers. This study will serve as reference for further

studies to be undertaken in the future that will benefit the concerned under the

same nature of studies.

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Scope and Delimitations of the Study

The study covers the proposed plan of the renovation of the gymnasium

through a bleacher and gray water catchment system. The study was conducted

only at Saint James Academy and does not cover other institution. The study is

limited to the structural analysis, design, and cover the electrical arrangement of

the proposed plan that is hereby drawn by the researchers at the conclusion. The

gray water system only covers the water harvested from the gymnasium’s roof and

to only be connected to the gymnasium’s bathroom and the faucets connected to

the science laboratory. Only the gymnasium is focused on the study; any amenity

outside the vicinity is not covered. In this study we do not include the

construction/development phase, the operational phase and the abandonment

phase.

Definition of Terms

The study seeks to determine the definition of a proposed plan for the

renovation of the gymnasium through a bleacher and greywater basin system in

Saint James Academy.

For further apprehension of this research, the following terms were

defined conceptually and operationally:

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Area. It is the space occupied by a flat or the surface of an object. It refers to the

number of unit squares that cover the surface of the gymnasium of the institution

(Merriam-Webster, 2019).

Bleachers. It is raised seating, usually for sporting events, that's arranged in tiers.

Set of benches made of wood, metal or concrete, used for inexpensive seating in

gyms or beside sports fields (Vocabulary.com, 2019).

Blueprint. This refer to an original plan or prototype that influences subsequent

design, it contains all of the information that is needed to build or make

something. In this manuscript, this term is referred to similarly.

Capacity. It is the ability of someone or something to hold something. In this

study, it refers to how many people can fit inside the gymnasium.

Comfortability. The degree to which something or someone is comfortable (Your

Dictionary, 2019).

Construction. It refers to the process of constructing an infrastructure or building

as to be used in the study.

Renovation. refer to newness and doing something again — it’s from the Latin re-

for "again" and novare which means, "make new.” (Vocabulary.com, 2019)

Gray water. It includes all wastewater generated in the home, except toilet water.

It is the gently used water from the school’s bathroom sinks and showers and is

not the water that has come in to contact with feces (Brain, R., Lynch, J., & Kopp,

K., 2015).

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Green Architecture. It is an approach to building that minimizes the harmful

effects of construction projects on human health and the environment. The "green"

architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth by choosing eco-

friendly building materials and construction practices (Craven, J., 2019).

Gymnasium. A building or room designed and equipped for various sports,

physical training, and exercise (Cambridge Dictionary, 2019).

Planning. In this study, it refers to the process of organizing and thinking about

the steps activities required achieving desired goal.

Rainwater. It is the water fallen as rain that has not collected soluble matter from

the soil and is therefore soft.

Sustainability. It focuses on meeting the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (Grant, M., &

Kenton, W., 2019).

Saint James Academy. A Catholic institution in Ibaan, Batangas, offering primary

and secondary education. It was founded in 1955 by the Oblates of Saint Joseph

through Fr. Guido Coletti. A school community involved with the research

problem.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the conceptual literature, research literature and

synthesis which helped in providing direction in the completion of the study.

Conceptual Literature

To fully understand the researchers’ project study, they collected some

articles that could provide further knowledge in understanding the concepts

involved in this project.

History of Saint James Academy

It was founded in 1955 by the Oblates of Saint Joseph through Fr. Guido

Coletti, the OSJ Church Builder in the Philippines. Its humble beginning on the

philosophy of religious and moral education of the youth has sustained its growth

through both good and tough times.

Ms. Salome B. Cuevas was the pioneer principal who steered the school for

close to twenty years and made it known as Center of Cultural and Academic

Excellence. Former Vice Mayor Emma Mercado-Gamab followed Ms. Cuevas but

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only for a few years. Ms. Melba Roxas-Gualberto also became principal for only

over a year. Then, Mrs. Teresita Andal-Roallos took the reins for more than

twenty years. But she suffered a series of mild strokes but had not recovered. In

2000, she was succeeded by Mr. Noel Castro. Mr. Benjie Magtibay took over his

office in 2010.

Location of Saint James Academy

Saint James Academy is located at Poblacion, town of Ibaan, province of

Batangas. It is beside the Saint James the Greater Parish which is the main church

of Ibaan, Batangas.

Bleacher

Bleachers are probably best described as fixed benches – the type you

might find at a football ground in all over the world. They tend to be uncovered,

and it’s thought that the name bleachers might have originated from the fact that

they were bleached by being exposed to sunlight. The main benefit of benches or

bleachers are that they don’t have defined seats and so they are suitable for all

shapes and sizes of people. They are often used in school halls and gymnasiums as

they are ideal for smaller children who don’t take up a whole seat and are happy to

squash together. At the other end of the scale, they also suit larger people who

might find standard venue seating with armrests a tight squeeze.

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Steel and Timber Design

In the group of World Steel Association (2019), steel offers architects more

design freedom in colour, texture and shape. Its combination of strength,

durability, beauty, precision and malleability gives architects broader parameters

to explore ideas and develop fresh solutions. Steel’s long spanning ability gives

rise to large open spaces, free of intermediate columns or load bearing walls. Its

capacity to bend to a certain radius, creating segmented curves or free-form

combinations for facades, arches or domes sets it apart. Factory-finished to the

most exacting specifications under highly controlled conditions, steel’s final

outcome is more predictable and repeatable, eliminating the risk of on-site

variability.

From the Handbook of Good Building, Design and Construction in the

Philippines (2008), strong columns provide strength to the building. All reinforced

concrete columns should be made in one part before walls are built up. They

should not be made in small steps as walls are built up. They should contain bars

for wall ties and ring beams when constructed. Column reinforcement should be 4

vertical bars with hoops holding them together, spaced at approximately the same

as the width of the column. Bars should be anchored in the foundation. End of

hoop steel should be bent 135º into the center of the column. Column steel must be

covered with a minimum of 2cm of concrete all round. Do not put pipes down the

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center of columns. In Construction and Materials Principles, reinforcement

strengthens concrete like bones in the body. Reinforcement steel is best made of

twisted deformed steel bar, or deformed bar, rather than plain round bar. Plain

round bar is significantly weaker and can pull through surrounding concrete and

hence has a weaker effect. A good pattern of reinforced concrete columns and

beams to strengthen all aspects of the building including support to strengthen the

triangular gable end wall so that it will not fall when a lateral force strikes the

building. All end walls of this nature need a reinforced column to strengthen them,

or they are liable to fall when the building is subjected to a major lateral force. It

also has a reinforced concrete beam to top to all walls. Join walls and roof to

strengthen each other. Column reinforcement should protrude from the top of over

roof trusses to join the roof structure with the wall structure. Concrete columns

must be bent around roof trusses for structural strength, or roof trusses should be

strapped with metal ties to the wall structure. The reinforcement should protrude at

the top. Roof Truss ties must be flexible but strong, as roof trusses enhance safety.

The joints of wooden roof trusses need to be bolted together and tied with metal

straps to provide flexibility but not collapse under the forces of nature. Metal roof

trusses must be welded together, welded to purlins, and welded to wall

reinforcement for strength

Concrete Design

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According to Mishra (2014), it is the mix design of high strength concrete

is influenced by properties of cement, sand aggregates & water-cement ratio have

compressive strength above 40 MPa. To achieve high strength, it is necessary to

use lowest possible water-cement ratio, which invariably affects the workability of

the mix and necessitates the use of special vibration techniques for proper

compaction.In the present state of art, a concrete with a desired 28 day

compressive strength of upto 70 MPa can be made with suitably proportioning the

ingredients using normal vibration techniques for compacting the concrete mix.

Concrete is a stone like substance obtained by permitting a carefully proportioned

mixture of cement, sand and gravel or other aggregate and water to harden in

forms of the shape and of dimensions of the desired structure.

Interior Design

Interior design according to Guwaldi (2019), is a multi-faceted profession

in which creative and technical solutions are applied within a structure to achieve a

built interior environment. These solutions are functional, enhance the quality of

life and culture of the occupants, and are aesthetically attractive. Designs are

created in response to and coordinated with the building shell and acknowledge

the physical location and social context of the project. Designs must adhere to

code and regulatory requirements and encourage the principles of environmental

sustainability. The interior design process follows a systematic and coordinated

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methodology, including research, analysis and integration of knowledge into the

creative process, whereby the needs and resources of the client are satisfied to

produce an interior space that fulfills the project goals. Interior design includes a

scope of services performed by a professional design practitioner, qualified by

means of education, experience, and examination, to protect and enhance the life,

health, safety and welfare of the public.

In the perspective of Tier (2012) designers craft spaces that anticipate our

needs and appeal to our emotions while pulling from a broad set of skills and

technical knowledge. Interior design has changed dramatically since the early 20th

century when it was just beginning to emerge as a profession.

Interior designers are expected to have working knowledge of:

 Textiles, materials, color, space planning, sustainability, and more

 Software applications for 2D & 3D computer-aided design (CAD) and

building information modeling (BIM)

 Structural requirements, health and safety issues, and building codes

Today, interior designers work with contractors, architects, engineers,

craftsmen, furniture dealers, and business and home owners. To become a

successful interior designer, you need a well-rounded education and the skills to

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work within many disciplines such as architecture; graphic design; decorative arts;

and textile, furniture, and lighting design.

Color Technique Design

Color is an integral element of our world, not just in the natural

environment but also in the man-made architectural environment. Color always

played a role in the human evolutionary process. The environment and its colors

are perceived, and the brain processes and judges what it perceives on an objective

and subjective basis. Psychological influence, communication, information, and

effects on the psyche are aspects of our perceptual judgment processes. Hence, the

goals of color design in an architectural space are not relegated to decoration alone

TMD Studio (2017).

Gutter and Plumbing System

According to Designing Building Ltd. 2019 A rainwater downpipe is

a pipe that is used to direct rainwater away from a building, typically

from roof guttering to a drainage system. It is sometimes also referred to as

a downspout, drain spout, roof drain pipe or leader. The Building Regulation’s

part H, Drainage and water disposal, requires that adequate provision is made for

rainwater to be carried from the roof of buildings. Approved document H suggests

that to achieve this, roofs should be designed with a suitable fall towards either

a surface water collection channel or gutter that surface water to vertical rainwater

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downpipes, which in turn connect the discharge to the drainage system.

A downpipe is typically vertical and extends to ground level. They are most

commonly found attached to the corners of a building. The discharge from

a downpipe can be: directly connected to a drain discharging into a soak away,

directly connected to a drain discharging into a surface water sewer, or indirectly

connected to a drain via a trapped gully if the drain discharges into a

combined sewer. Traditionally, rainwater downpipes were made using cast iron,

although uPVC systems are increasingly common due to ease of installation and

low maintenance requirements. As long as adequate size, strength

and durability can be assured, they can also be made of aluminum

alloy, galvanized, stainless steel, and so on.

Downpipes tend to become blocked when debris such as leaves, and twigs

accumulate. To prevent this, they should be properly maintained, and are usually

attached to a building using brackets which can be easily removed for cleaning if

necessary. The size and number of rainwater downpipes required will depend on

the intensity of rainfall that is likely and the area of the surface to be drained.

Several online calculators are available to help determine the required size and

number of rainwater downpipes. Rainwater downpipes are most commonly round

in section, but may be any shape. They typically have a diameter ranging from 50 -

150 mm, but any size can be used. They may include access panels

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for inspection or rodding, branch connectors, bends, hoppers and leaf guards at the

top, diverters, rainwater harvesting systems, angled shoes at the bottom, and so on.

Pre- Construction/ Pre-Development Phase

Feasibility Study

A feasibility study is an analysis that takes all a project's relevant factors

into account—including economic, technical, legal, and scheduling considerations

—to ascertain the likelihood of completing the project successfully. Project

managers use feasibility studies to discern the pros and cons of undertaking a

project before they invest a lot of time and money into it. The feasibility study

focuses on helping answer the essential question of “should we proceed with the

proposed project idea?” All activities of the study are directed toward helping

answer this question (Clause & Hofstrand, 2009).

A feasibility study is simply an assessment of the practicality of a proposed

plan or project. It ensured if a project is legally and technically feasible as well as

economically justifiable. The goal of a feasibility study is to thoroughly

understand all aspects of a project, concept, or plan; become aware of any

potential problems that could occur while implementing the project; and determine

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if, after considering all significant factors, the project is viable—that is, worth

undertaking.

The importance of a feasibility study is based on organizational desire to

“get it right” before committing resources, time, or budget. A feasibility study

might uncover new ideas that could completely change a project’s scope. It’s best

to make these determinations in advance, rather than to jump in and to learn that

the project won’t work. Conducting a feasibility study is always beneficial to the

project as it gives you and other stakeholders a clear picture of the proposed

project.

Planning and Design

Building plans were a graphical representation of what a building will look

like after construction. They were used by builders and contractors to construct

buildings of all kinds. Building plans were also useful when it comes to estimating

how much a project will cost and preparing project budgets. It may consist of a

single drawing, or hundreds of pages. For larger or more complex projects built in

the US, the drawings are often arranged in a specific order, based on a system

developed by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI). According to the CSI

system, sets of plans start with a title page, which shows a list of all included

drawings and well as a symbols legend. Other countries may have their own

standardized systems for building plans.

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In addition, building design documentation contains technical information

to be submitted to the local government for application for a written approval,

building permit and a use and occupancy permit

Planning focuses on the University’s long-range planning, guiding campus

development in a way that gives physical form to the University’s mission, vision,

and programs through the effective use of human, environmental, and financial

resources. The Design & Construction division provides the administrative,

management, and professional services required to facilitate and accomplish new

construction, renovations, and replacements of physical facilities and

infrastructure.

National Building Code

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE (P.D.) NO. 1096 ADOPTING A NATIONAL

BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES (NBCP) THEREBY REVISING

REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED SIXTY-FIVE HUNDRED FORTY-ONE (R.A.

No. 6541)

Reviewing Stands, Grandstands, and Bleachers.

1. Height of Stands made of combustible framing shall be limited to 11 rows or

2.70 meters in height.

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2. Design Requirements The minimum unit live load for reviewing stands,

grandstands, and bleachers shall be 500 kilograms per square meter of horizontal

projection for the structure. Seat and footboards shall be 180 kilograms per linear

meter. The sway force, applied to seats, shall be 35 kilograms per linear meter

parallel to the seats and 15 kilograms per linear meter perpendicular to the seats.

Sway forces need not to be applied simultaneously with other lateral forces.

3. Spacing Seats

3.1 Row spacing the minimum spacing of rows of seats measured from

back-to-back shall be: 600 millimeters for seats without backrests in open air

stands; 750 millimeters for seats with backrests, and 850 millimeters for chair

seating. There shall be a space of not less than 300 millimeters between the back

of each seat and the front of the seat immediately behind it.

3.2 Rise Between Rows The maximum rise from one row of seats to the

next shall not exceed 400 millimeters.

3.3 Seating Capacity For determining the seating capacity of a stand the

width of any seat shall not be less than 450 millimeters nor more than 480

millimeters.

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3.4Number of Seats Between Aisles The number of seats between any seat

and an aisle shall not be greater than 15 for open air stands with seats without

backrests in buildings.

4. Aisles

4.1 Aisles Required Aisles shall be provided in all stands: except, that aisles

may be omitted when all the following conditions exists; Seats are without

backrests; the rise from row to row does not exceed 300 millimeters per row; the

number of rows does not exceed 11 in height; the top seating board is not over

3.00 meters above grade; and the first seating board is not more than 500

millimeters above grade.

4.2 Obstructions No obstruction shall be placed in the required width of any

aisle or exit way.

4.3 Stairs Required When an aisle is elevated more than 200 millimeters

above grade, the aisle shall be provided with a stairway or ramp whose width is

not less than the width of the aisle.

4.4 Dead End No vertical aisle shall have a dead end more than 16 rows in

depth regardless of the number of exits required.

4.5 Width Aisles shall have a minimum width of 1.10 meters.

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5. Stairs and Ramps The requirements in this Code shall apply to all stairs and

ramps except for portions that pass through the seating area.

5.1 Stair Rise and Run The maximum rise of treads shall not exceed 200

millimeters and the minimum width of the run shall be 280 millimeters. The

maximum variation in the width of treads in any one flight shall not be more than

5 millimeters and the maximum variation in one height of two adjacent rises shall

not exceed 5 millimeters.

5.2 Ramp Slope The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1 in 8. Ramps shall

be roughened or shall be of approved nonslip material.

5.3 Handrails A ramp with a slope exceeding 1 in 10 shall have handrails.

Stairs for stands shall have handrails. Handrails shall conform to the requirements

of this Code.

6. Guardrails

6.1 Guardrails shall be required in all locations where the top of a seat

plank is more than 1.20 meters above the grade and at the front of stands elevated

more than 600 millimeters above grade. Where only sections of stands are used,

guardrails shall be provided as required in this Code.

6.2. Railings shall be 1.10 meters above the rear of a seat plank or 1.10

meters above the rear of the steps in the aisle when the guardrail is parallel and

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adjacent to the aisle: Except, that the height may be reduced to 900 millimeters for

guardrails located in front of the grandstand.

6.3 A mid rail shall be placed adjacent to any seat to limit the open distance

above the top of any part of a seat to 250 millimeters where the seat is at the

extreme end or at the extreme rear of the bleachers or grandstand. The intervening

space shall have one additional rail midway in the opening: Except, that railings

may be omitted when stands are placed directly against a wall or fence giving

equivalent protection; stairs and ramps shall be provided with guardrails.

Handrails at the front of stands and adjacent to an aisle shall be designed to resist a

load of 75 kilograms per linear meter applied at the top rail. Other handrails shall

be designed to resist a load of 40 kilograms per linear meter.

In addition, the Section 1207 of National Building Code of the Philippines

is focuses on Stairs, Exits and Occupant Loads of a building. The following terms

are under this law:

Exits

(1) Number of Exits

Every building or usable portion thereof shall have at least one exit. In all

occupancies, floors above the first storey having an occupant load of more than 10

shall not have less than two exits. Each mezzanine floor used for other than

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storage purposes, if greater in area than 185 square meters or more than 18.00

meters in any dimension, shall have at least than two stairways to an adjacent

floor. Every storey or portion thereof, having an occupant load of 500 to 999 shall

have at least three exits. Every storey or portion thereof having an occupant load

of 1000 or more shall have at least four (4) exits. The number of exits required

from any storey of a building shall be determined by using the occupant loads of

floors which exit through by using the occupant loads of floors which exit through

the level under consideration as follows: 50 percent of the occupant load in the

first adjacent storey above (and the first adjacent storey below, when a storey

below exits through the level under consideration) and 25 percent of the occupant

load in the storey immediately beyond the first adjacent storey. The maximum

number of exits required for any storey shall be maintained until egress is provided

from the structures. For purposes of this Section basement or cellars and occupied

roofs shall be provided with exits as required for storeys. Floors above the second

storey, basements and cellars used for other than service of the building shall have

not less than two exits.

(2) Width

The total width of exits in meters shall not be less than the total occupant

load served divided by 165. Such width of exits shall be divided approximately

equally among the separate exits. The total exit width required from any storey of

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a building shall be determined by using the occupant load of that storey plus the

percentage of the occupant loads of floors which exits through the level under

consideration as follows: fifty (50) per cent of the occupant load in the first

adjacent storey above (and the first adjacent storey below when a storey below

exits through the level under consideration) and twenty five per cent of the

occupant load in the storey immediately beyond the first adjacent storey. The

maximum exit width from any storey of a building shall be maintained.

(3) Arrangement of Exits

If only two exits are required, they shall be placed a distance apart to not

less than one-fifth of the perimeter of the area served measured in a straight line

between exits. Where three or more exits are required they shall be arranged a

reasonable distance apart so that if one becomes blocked, the others will be

available.

(4) Distance to Exits

No point in a building without a sprinkler system shall be more than 45.00

meters from an exterior exit door, a horizontal exit, exit passageway, or an

enclosed stairway, measured along the line of travel. In a building equipped with a

complete automatic fire extinguishing system the distance from exits may be

increased to 60.00 meters.

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(5) Width and Height.

Every required exit doorway shall be of a size as to permit the installation

of a door not less than 900 millimeters in width and not less than 2.00 meters in

height. When installation in exit doorways, exit doors shall be capable of openings

at least 90 decrees and shall be so mounted that the clear width of the exit way is

not less than 700 millimeters. In computing the required exit width the net

dimension of the exit way shall be used.

(6) Doors.

The provisions herein shall apply to every exit door serving an area having

an occupant load of more than 10 or serving hazardous rooms or areas.

Durability of the Building

According to the US General Accounting Office (GAO) almost three-

fourths of existing US schools in 1996 was constructed before 1970. Of these

schools, about one-third of schools had need of extensive repair or replacement

and almost two-thirds had at least one inadequate building feature such as

substandard plumbing, roofing, or electrical systems. Moreover, 58-percent had at

least one unsatisfactory environmental condition such as inadequate ventilation,

acoustics, or physical security.

Durability of Roofing

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The roofs of buildings play an essential role in energy efficiency because a

significant amount of solar radiation is absorbed by roofs in hot weather and a

significant amount of heat is lost through roofs in cold weather. This paper is a

systematic literature review about roofing methods for flat roofs. Ten roofing

methods are reviewed in this paper. They are concrete roof, cool roof, insulated

roof, roof garden, photovoltaic panels’ roof, bio solar roof, double-skin roof, roof

ponds, skylight roof, and wind catcher. The review covers each roof’s main

features, heat flux reductions, payback periods, and the appropriate climate for its

implementation. Furthermore, the basic principles for selecting appropriate roofing

methods are discussed and future studies for integrating these roofing methods are

suggested. Some of these methods can eliminate the need of installing HVAC

(Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning) systems and others can achieve a high

percentage of heat reduction if they are the right choice and they are implemented

in the right circumstances. An incorrect selection could result in mild to severe

energy penalties. The review contributes to the increasing knowledge about

sustainable roofing and helps designers to increase building energy efficiency by

selecting the appropriate roofing method (Abuseif & Gou, 2018).

Proper roof system design and installation start with code compliance.

Roofs need to meet the minimum requirements for weather protection,

performance, fire resistance, materials and coverings, insulation and re-roofing

listed in the minimum requirements for weather protection, performance, fire

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resistance, materials and coverings, insulation and re-roofing listed in Chapter 15

of the International Building Code or Chapter 9 of the International Residential

Code. Code requirements are legal minimums; there are many ways to design and

install roofs well above the minimum legal requirements.

Provide for effective drainage. Roofs systems are not intended to hold

water; codes require minimum slope for drainage. Drains and scuppers need to be

sized to meet the requirements in the International Plumbing Code. While most

roofs have effective overall drainage, localized drainage is sometimes overlooked.

Tapered insulation on the upslope side of rooftop equipment and between scuppers

is important to prevent localized ponding. Water on roof, in conjunction with UV

rays, damages and deteriorates roof membranes. And ponded water can void a

warranty, too.

Fire hydrants

Not only is access to the site important for occupants it's also necessary for

emergency help. There are codes governing the distance your building will need to

be from fire hydrants depending on the type of construction. If you're doing a

renovation often times this won't be needed, but if you’re doing new construction

you can almost bet this issue will come up when you're submitting your plans to

the city. So, make sure to include fire hydrants in your site plan as well.   When

you're putting together your site plan, try to think of it like telling the story of the

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site and your building. For plan review to understand your design, you must tell

the whole story. Leave no room for unexpected interpretations. Often times, more

is better when it comes to the site plan.

According to the Republic Act No. 9514, the policy of the State to ensure

public safety and promote economic development through the prevention and

suppression of all kinds of destructive fires and promote the professionalization of

the fire service as a profession. Towards this end, the State shall enforce all laws,

rules and regulations to ensure adherence to standard fire prevention and safety

measures and promote accountability for fire safety in the fire protection service

and prevention service.

Fire safety standards for public buildings include installing fire

extinguishers, fire alarms, sprinkler systems, fire escapes and having clearly

marked exits in crowded public venues like movie theatres and shopping malls.

According to the U.S. Fire Administration, between 2014 and 2016,

electrical fires accounted for 6.3% of all residential fires, with approximately

24,000 fires being reported each year. Roughly 4,000 people die every year and

over 18,000 people are injured in fires. Add to those statistics the fact that

firefighters in the U.S. respond to over 360,000 fire emergencies that cause

billions of dollars in property damage annually and you see why fire safety

standards are something you should investigate as a preventative measure.

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Fire safety standards are created to prevent or lower the incidence of fires

that cause death, injury, property damage and the destruction of natural resources.

Fire safety also focuses on helping people survive fires better and to reduce the

damage that fires cause to property. Generally local and state governments draft,

enact and enforce codes to regulate fire safety standards which prevent fires and

increase the level of public safety. The violation of a fire code can result in

criminal prosecution and the enforced closing of a building by fire officials. Fire

safety standards also govern the way that public events with the potential for fires

are regulated. These include fireworks displays, automotive racing events and

occupancy standards in buildings with the potential of a stampede if a fire breaks

out.

One aspect of fire safety standards involves drafting and enforcing building

construction codes to minimize the risk of fire. These regulations are called

building codes and govern both commercial and housing construction. Fire codes

are also enforceable after construction and are especially important in large

apartment buildings, schools and high-rise commercial buildings. In an effort to

ensure public safety, fire standards increase in stringency in relation to the number

of occupants in the building.

In the Philippines, year 2018 the BFP has recorded a total of 14, 316 fire

incidents from January 1 to December 27. Fires are destructive, and it can break

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out anytime and anywhere. It can result to devastating situations such as death and

it can burn down entire properties within minutes.

School Facility

The school facility is much more than a passive container of the educational

process: it is, rather, an integral component of the conditions of learning. The

layout and design of a facility contributes to the place experience of students,

educators, and community members. Depending on the quality of its design and

management, the facility can contribute to a sense of ownership, safety and

security, personalization and control, privacy as well as sociality, and spaciousness

or crowdedness.

An effective school facility is responsive to the changing programs of

educational delivery, and at a minimum should provide a physical environment

that is comfortable, safe, secure, accessible, well illuminated, well ventilated, and

aesthetically pleasing.

The facility also includes furnishings, materials and supplies, equipment

and information technology, as well as various aspects of the building grounds,

namely, athletic fields, playgrounds, areas for outdoor learning, and vehicular

access and parking.

Thermal Insulation

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Thermal insulation is a material or combination of materials that retard the

heat flow rate by conduction, convection and radiation. Almost all of the building

uses thermal insulation in able to insulate the heat coming from the outside. It is

used to make the transfer of heat slow to the building.

According to the study entitled The Effectiveness of Thermal Insulation in

Different Types of Buildings in Hot Climates by Mohammad S. Al-Homoud 2004,

the substantial share of energy goes to the air-conditioning of buildings. The

proper design and selection of building envelope and its components is very

essential to reduce the air conditioning load of a building. Thermal insulation is

crucial to the walls and roofs of an infrastructure, it reduces the required air-

conditioning system size and most especially the annual energy cost which is the

yearly invoice in consuming electricity coming from fans and aircons. By the

utilization of thermal insulation, the fundamental quantity of thermal comfort

without certainty on mechanical air-conditioning especially during interseason

period extends. The satisfaction of an individual to the thermal environment will

ameliorate at less operating cost if there is a proper use of thermal insulation in a

building. However, the magnitude of energy savings because of using thermal

insulation vary according to the building type, the climatic conditions at which the

building is located as well as the type, thickness, and location of the insulating

material used.

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Neopor Insulation

The Power of the Original Grey, is composed of small black beads of

polystyrene (EPS) containing blowing agent, which makes it expandable. BASF

produces this unique material, which is processed by foam manufacturers into

insulation materials for a wide range of different applications. Neopor works in the

very same way as traditional insulation, with one primary difference - the high-

purity graphite particles give the insulation a reflective property which increases

the energy efficiency of the material.

Warm air is always trying to move towards cold air, whether that’s the hot

air outside during the summer, or the comfortable heated air indoors during the

winter. This heat transfer occurs through the walls of the home due to a process

called thermal bridging.

Rigid insulation products trap air inside their structure. Therefore, large

boards of insulation feel extremely light considering their size. Trapped air is a

poor conductor of heat, gives the insulation its energy-efficient property. While

traditional insulation slows down the transfer, heat still finds the most direct way

through the insulation.

The graphite component of Neopor causes the heat to be reflected hundreds

of times as it moves through the insulation. This significantly slows the transfer of

heat, making Neopor more energy efficient than traditional EPS insulation.

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  Imagine that heat is a person walking on a path. A path which takes many

twists and turns along the way will take longer than a straight path to the

destination. That’s how Neopor works; when insulating, we want to slow the

transfer of heat as much as possible for maximum energy efficiency.

case study entitled "Low-energy houses in the housing stock" is being undertaken

in Germany by Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (2017). Within this framework,

LUWOGE, BASF's housing company, is employing Neopor for the interior

insulation of a building that is more than 100 years old in the historic factory

housing "Alte-Kolonie".

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When it came to insulate the wall surfaces, LUWOGE turned to a new

composite board manufactured by the Rigips company and made of 8 cm-thick

Neopor laminated to gypsum plasterboard. This system not only provides thermal

insulation but also reduces sound levels. "Adequate sound protection is one of the

foremost requirements made of today's housing", explains Christian Winter, head

of sales at Rigips Dämmstoffe. The roof was upgraded with completely new roof

elements that were clad with a 40 cm-thick layer of Neopor by the Schwenk

company. The construction under the roof also used BASF’s Micronal PCM

gypsum plasterboards since this is a material whose latent-heat accumulators can

limit temperature peaks during the summer, thus ensuring a comfortable climate

indoors. The floor surfaces were also generously wrapped up. New, highly

compression-resistant and dimensionally stable floor insulation slabs made of

Neopor were installed under the subflooring. The windows are triple-glazed. All in

all, these measures have cut energy costs by about 80 percent.

Recently ten new houses were completed in Hayes, Middlesex, a London

suburb, within a matter of weeks using a new type of insulated steel-frame system

from Fusion Building Solutions of Cork, Ireland. The building project in Kingshill

Avenue was the first of its kind in the UK's social housing sector. The houses are

not only cheap to build owing to the fast construction, they are also extremely

energy efficient thanks to the excellent thermal insulation. The key to such

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performance was the insulation material employed: Neopor, the new expanded

polystyrene (EPS) from BASF.

Social housing must not only be affordable but energy efficient too. Since

the width of the steel studs limits the thickness of the insulation layer, it was

necessary to choose a material with particularly low thermal conductivity. The

silver–grey coloured Neopor is a new generation of insulating foam derived from

BASF’s world-famous Styropor EPS. Neopor foam with a density of 19-20 kg/m3

has a thermal conductivity of just 0.031 W/mK — that's 20 percent better than

Styropor — and thus provides the necessary heat-blocking characteristics despite

the restrictions on its wall thickness.

Materials Specification

The Lower London Road Sustainable Housing Project (2017) sets out the

specifications required for each of the main construction materials to be used in

the project. The method used to decide on the final specification is outlined below.

The method includes three main considerations: the environmental performance of

each material (in terms of production, operation and recycling / disposal), the cost

of the material compared to the standard material that would normally be used, the

operational performance of the material (taking into account the extended design

life of the building). These considerations are not taken in isolation but compared

against each other for each option so that, for example, the increased cost of a

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material would be acceptable if it was matched by improved environmental and

operational performance. Similarly, a significant increase in the cost of a material

compared to the standard might not be acceptable if it was felt that the same

amount of money spent elsewhere would have a greater environmental or

operational benefit. Environmental and operational benefits were also compared

against each other for each option. A material might be particularly durable, for

example but be unacceptable in environmental terms, or conversely it could be felt

that the adverse environmental impacts of a material were outweighed by its

operational benefits.

Although every effort has been made to consider the latest information

from life cycle assessments and report findings, these decisions will eventually be

based on a subjective judgement. One of the main aims of the Lower London

Road Sustainable Housing Project is to encourage future sustainable development

by clearly stating what decisions have been made and on what basis. This will

allow future developers to judge the best sustainable option for them, based on

their own subjective impressions of comparative environmental impacts and on the

up-to-date information of the day. To this end, this document contains information

on those materials which were not selected, as well as those which were and seeks

to explain the decision-making process behind the specification. It considers

environmental impacts throughout the whole lifecycle of a material, including the

extraction, production, building, occupational and recycling phases. Thus, for

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example, a higher environmental impact during construction could be justified by

improved performance throughout the life of the building.

Moreover, materials specification has been adapted to include local

availability and economic viability. It has also been revised to consider the

extended design life of this development and the requirements of the relevant

building regulations. The main sustainability issues considered in the assessment

are: shortage of raw materials, ecological damage caused by the extraction of raw

materials, energy consumption at all stages (including transport), water

consumption and pollution, armful atmospheric emissions, such as those leading to

ozone depletion, global warming and acid rain (CO2, NOx and SO2 production),

material performance, durability, reparability and re-usability, waste generation

and efficiency of production and human health issues.

Costing

Construction cost estimating is the process of forecasting the cost of

building a physical structure. Of course, builders and clients both worry about the

financial impact of cost overruns and failing to complete a project. That’s why

they devote time and effort to estimating how much a project will cost before

deciding to move forward with it. Clients considering large projects often seek

multiple cost estimates, including those prepared by contractors and those

calculated by independent estimators.

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Layout.

Layout of a building or a structure shows the plan of its foundation on the

ground surface according to its drawings, so that excavation can be carried out

exactly where required and position and orientation of the building is exactly

specified. It is set out according to foundation plan drawings and specifications

provided by the engineer or an architect. To understand layout or setting out of a

building we must understand some of the technical terms related to this job which

are described below.

Utility Requirements

Utilities are infrastructure services provided to consumers that are

sometimes considered to be ‘public’ services, that is, they are supplied to the

public and are important for the normal functioning of society. As a result, they

normally come under some form of public control.

Utilities are generally considered to include: electricity, gas, water and

sewage and communications services. Since, privatization in the 1980’s, utilities

in the UK are now most commonly supplied by private companies, which, as they

may have some form of monopoly over supply, are regulated by government.

Ensuring that utilities are supplied to developments is vitally important, not

just for the completed development, but also for the construction process itself. It

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has been cited as the most common cause of delay in construction projects (ref

British Property Federation), particularly on larger projects where multiple

connections may be required or where the existing infrastructure may need to be

extended or reinforced. Delays in connection persist, despite the introduction of

connection performance standards for suppliers, and the threat of fines.

The infrastructure necessary to supply utilities may be provided by the

network operator, or increasingly, by an independent provider (to an agreed design

that is then ‘adopted’ by the network operator). These organizations should be

considered stakeholders in the project and identified as third-party dependencies

that bring risks to the project.

Lighting

Lighting is one of the most important aspects of interior design. Proper

lighting can provide the right ambience to a surrounding, whether a professional or

personal space. Just the right amount of colour and luminosity can work wonders.

Striking the right balance between these two elements to create the desirable

lighting is essential.

Colours play an important role in creating the perfect lighting. Though this

may sound strange, it is true. Dark colours can make the room feel the room

smaller than it is. On the other hand, light, pastel shades make the room seem

bigger and much spacious than it is. That is a reason why pastel shades are

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favoured over darker hues when it comes to getting spaces painted. Although,

darker hues are good to use when it comes to using the surface as a decorative

item in its own self, kind of like how a good statement necklace is enough to make

a minimal outfit look impactful. Though the concept of colouring also applies to

floors as well, considering how lighting can be aimed downwards.

Ventilation

Ventilation, as defined by Sparks Helps (2009), is the supply of outdoor air

to a building. Ventilation rates vary considerably from building to building and

over time within individual buildings. The influence of ventilation rates on

occupant health and performance will vary depending on features of the building,

outdoor environment, and occupants. Throughout the normal range of ventilation

rates encountered in buildings, increased ventilation rates are, on average,

associated, with fewer adverse health effects and with superior work and school

performance. There is also evidence that occupants of buildings with higher

ventilation rates, particularly occupants of schools with higher ventilation rates,

have lower rates of absence

Indoor air quality is important. Pollutant concentrations can be two to five

times higher indoors than outdoors. Poor indoor air quality can result in higher

rates of respiratory irritation and illness and, in the case of excessive carbon

monoxide, death.

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High volume low speed (HVLS) fans are configured as large diameter

paddle fans with 10 foils (blades). The foils range from 4-12’ long making the

diameter of the fan approximately 8-24’ in diameter. The foils are positioned

horizontally attached to a hub mounted on a ¾-1 hp motor shaft. The fan operates

at a speed of between 117 and 50 rpm (8-24’ diameter). The fans have been used

in industrial buildings to circulate ventilation air at a low velocity (3 mph). The

fans have also been used in poultry and livestock barns to provide supplemental

cooling of the animals by increasing air circulation and air velocity in the barn.

Horizontal velocity data at the cow level (5’ from floor) was collected on several

dairy farms where the HVLS fans have been installed to document velocities

achieved with different fan arrangements Kammel (2013).

In addition, high-volume low-speed (HVLS) fans are one category of

ceiling fan installed in large enclosings such as warehouses, large barns and health

clubs in order to generate comfortable air circulation Moshfeghi (2014).

Electrical and Low-Current Installations

Electrical Installation Work specialized construction work that is performed

during the erection or reconstruction of buildings or structures intended for various

purposes and that entails the installation of electric wiring and electrical

equipment. The electric wiring may be overhead power lines, cable lines, current

leads, or interior wiring. Examples of electrical equipment include electric

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machinery, distribution centers, and control consoles. According to The Gale

Group (2010), in the USSR, electrical installation work is usually carried out in

two stages.

The first stage, which coincides in time with general construction work,

includes the installation of fasteners or inserts in structural elements for the

subsequent attachment of electrical equipment and structures for the installation of

electric wiring. It also includes the installation of conduits for electric wiring in the

foundations and floors of buildings or structures and the installation of wall

sockets for outlets and switches. In the first stage, the preassembly of electrical

equipment and wiring structures, the fabrication of conduit sections, and the board

lacing of wires and cables for lighting and other circuits are carried out away from

the construction site in specially equipped electrical-installation prefabrication

shops. While, in the second stage, the electrical equipment and the structures for

the installation of wiring are transported to the construction site, installed in the

planned locations, and assembled. In addition, cables and wires are laid and are

connected to the installed electrical equipment. Electrical installation work is

completed when the installed equipment is actuated and adjusted. The most

complicated work in this respect is the adjustment of relay protection and

automatic control systems for electric drives.

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Electrical installation work is mechanized using general-purpose

construction machinery—for example, lift trucks, hoists, and truck cranes—and of

specialized electrical-installation machinery, devices, and tools.

Site plan and site evaluation

Whether you're a student in the studio or working at a design firm, there's

one thing everyone can agree on: the site is crucial when it comes to the design of

a building. That's why a lot of time, thought and money go into conducting a site

analysis before the conceptual phase of design has even begun. The elements of

your site such as topography, vegetation, infrastructure, weather, culture and even

existing buildings and local policies all influence the final design of a building.

Once you've conducted a thorough site analysis, you then need to present your

concept with a site plan showing existing as well as proposed conditions.

Property lines

Including the property line of the site is one of the most important elements

you'll want to include in your site plan. In a way, it sets the stage for your design.

You can have the most innovative or beautiful building, but you don’t want to

encroach on an adjacent owner’s property. If you do, you’ll likely be in for extra

time conducting more surveys, more drawings and possibly even lawsuits

depending on how nice your neighbor is.

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Existing and proposed conditions

For city officials and plan reviewers to grasp the full scope of your design,

you'll want to present both existing and proposed conditions. This shows how your

design will affect the site and maybe even how the site impacts your design.

Distance between buildings and property lines

Understanding your site goes beyond knowing what happens within your

property line. Surrounding infrastructure and buildings play an important role in

shaping your design. Issues like building height, zoning, building usage and even

fire hazards are all determined by what goes on around your site. So, make sure to

include those dimensions in your plan.

Landscaped areas

Landscaping is not only there for aesthetics but often it's part of a fragile

ecosystem that must be preserved. Bulldozing all the trees and starting over may

seem like a quick fix but often is not ideal, especially in this day and age of

sustainability and reducing site impact. So, make sure you include existing and

proposed landscaping improvements in your site plans.

Easements

Make sure you include easements in your site plan. There are many types of

easements out there like right-of-way’s, easements of support and even utility

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easements. You can show these graphically or with text. Using both is ideal; this

way there's no question what easements exist on your site.

Preparing Project Description Report

A good project description should have a clear and detailed written

description (including all components) of the entire scope of work. This should

also include: All other alternatives (projects) that have been considered as

solutions to the situation.

Any additional work-funded by other sources-to be performed substantially

the same time. Studies, plans drawings, sketches and schematics that can be used

to understand the entire project. Photos, drawings and maps showing the proposed

area and site in the context of its surroundings. Location maps such as city maps or

USGS 7 1/2 quad maps if appropriate along with any photographs that may be

appropriate.

Demands in K-12 Basic Education Program

The implementation of the K to 12 Basic Education Program is a prompt

necessity that pushing it back might prove detrimental to the accelerating and

increasing demands on education. The challenges still abound but the support of

the national and local government, and of stakeholders in the private sector, has

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been overwhelming that it silences doubts, addresses criticisms, and strengthens

the resolve to move forward with change today.

Purpose: Events in the Gymnasium

The gymnasium is made for the campus events. Gym class is a time for fun,

interactive learning that stimulates a growing child’s mind and body in ways that

math, science and social studies simply cannot. Unfortunately, with so many other

maintenance expenses hanging overhead many schools overlook the power of and

need for an upgraded school gymnasium. Today we’re here to tell you how your

students can benefit from a fully functioning gym, and how we can help you make

the upgrades that your gym requires.

Space

According to Jack (1946) the factors such as number of years of required

physical education, size of playground and marking system used in physical

education showed no significant difference between large and small schools. The

small schools regarding such factors had an advantage over large schools as

allocation of playgrounds, and size of physical education classes. The large

schools were superior to small schools regarding number of periods per week,

number of activities and length of periods. The presence of gymnasium in school

building, number of teachers, the number of period of physical education teachers

teaching other subjects and the number of supplementary indoor physical

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education facilities were shown as the 52 same. Report of the second all India

educational survey on colleges and institutions of physical education by NCERT

concludes, “while the number of training institution are turning out increasingly, it

is generally felt that quality of the product is still far from satisfactory”. This we

gather is due to inadequate facilities and poor staff personnel as well as the

indifferent quality of the material for the training and the crowded syllabus that

must be covered in one academic year.

With lack of appropriate movement, the effects limited space has on a

child’s development start to add up fast. This includes both short- and long-term

effects. In the short term, students will not get a quality physical education

experience that their peers might. This may be disappointing and frustrating and

cause the students to be more aggressive or lethargic during a day from not being

able to move freely. Other short-term effects include lack of learning the physical

skills needed for their grade-level outcomes, behavioral issues due to being

enclosed in a contained space, and a general dislike for physical education.

It is fair to say that when you are teaching in a limited space, you cannot

achieve the full amount of physical activity desired. Generally, the goal is to keep

students moving in a moderate to vigorous physical activity, also known as

MVPA, for 50 percent or more of the time. As the Alliance for a Healthier

Generation states, “Most traditional physical education classes yield somewhere

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between 10 and 40 percent of class time in MVPA. Current recommendations are

for students to spend at least 50 percent of physical education class time in

MVPA.” However, when in limited space, this can be a challenge because there

may not be room to do traditional gymnasium games that allow the children to get

their heart rates up to a certain level that has them working in the MVPA zone.

While in a limited space, you will have the ability to do physical activities,

but it may cause a reduction in intensity of activity and time. It also often does not

allow for everyone to move at once. Students may have long wait time for turns or

move slower to avoid objects and stay safe.

Green Architecture

It is a philosophy of architecture that advocates the sustainability,

conservation, the reuse and safety of building materials with consideration of its

impact on the environment. The design and construction of environmentally

responsible buildings helps to promote the preservation of the nature by the

knowledge in architectural concept. Though technological solutions were

necessary, they represent only one facet of the whole. Indeed, the transfer of

responsibility to engineers and scientists threatens the social and psychological

commitment needed for philosophical unity (Wines, 2016).

In addition, Murray (2017) states that the natural ecology of the planet

should be the macro model for architects to use as a model for a green building.

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Architecture can model itself on the planetary system to copy the natural ‘green’

environment, making a new building, or adapting an existing building, both

environmentally friendly, in terms of materials used and the space it occupies, and

energy efficient, including solar technology.

The "green" architect or designer attempts to safeguard air, water, and earth

by choosing eco-friendly building materials and construction practices. It is also

the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally

responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building’s life-cycle from siting to

design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. The

practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of

economy, utility, durability, and comfort.

Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is the most common form of alternative water

supply. The term ‘rainwater harvesting’ refers to the collection of precipitation

running off roof surfaces into cisterns or other storage vessels. Storm water reuse

refers to the collection of runoffs from catchment surfaces (e.g. roads, parking lots

and landscaped areas). Rainwater harvesting is common practice in many

countries throughout the world, but particularly in Germany, Denmark, India,

Japan and Australia (Lye, 2009), while storm water reuse is most common in

Australia (Mitchell et al., 2007).

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Although rainwater can be treated to a potable water standard and used for

drinking and food preparation, it is commonly used for non-potable applications

such as toilet/urinal flushing, laundry, irrigation, fire suppression and building

cooling. One of the key limitations of rainwater harvesting is the variability of

precipitation throughout the year, resulting in the need for large storage

containments and a source of make-up water for periods of low or no precipitation.

Although this make-up water is usually obtained from a central municipal water

supply, it could also be obtained from groundwater located beneath a site. While

onsite groundwater sources could be used without treatment for either potable or

non-potable applications, under circumstances where there is an adequate

municipal water supply, groundwater is more commonly used as a supplemental

source of water for use in non-potable applications (Exall & Vassos, 2012).

During wet periods of the year, excess roof runoff can be managed onsite,

along with storm water runoff, to minimize the environmental impacts of offsite

release. While rainwater harvesting is typically limited in its application by the

roof area available or cistern volume, storm water runoff represents precipitation

falling over much larger surface areas and can be collected and stored in large

basins as part of a storm water management and erosion protection system. The

overall objective of retaining as much of the storm water runoff onsite as possible

is to improve water quality, maximize the opportunity to infiltrate into the ground,

minimize the amount of water released offsite and reduce impacts on receiving

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waters. Storm water runoff can also be used for non-potable water applications.

Common uses of collected storm water in Australia include park and golf course

irrigation, and runoff from non-residential buildings is increasingly being used for

the watering of gardens, toilet flushing, car washing and other municipal and

commercial purposes. Some communities also use storm-water to recharge the

aquifers that supply their drinking water, such as the Lower Seletar/Bedok Water

Scheme in Singapore (Mitchell et al., 2007).

Although commonly considered to be sustainable, the harvesting of

rainwater or collection and storage of storm water runoff, and the onsite extraction

of groundwater as alternate sources of water for ‘green’ building projects are not

methods of water conservation. While the use of these alternative water sources

reduces demand on centralized water supply infrastructure, the total amount of

water extracted from the environment to meet the urban water demands does not

change – only the location of the extraction changes (Kumar, 2019).

Related Studies

To strengthen the existing background of the study entitled Re- envisioning

Green Architecture: The Proposed Design for the expansion of the Gymnasium

and Utilizing Gray Water Basin System in Saint James Academy, the researchers

gathered related studies from foreign and local literature.

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In a study conducted by of Gamboa & Estacio (2017) entitled “A

Feasibility Study of the Proposed Construction of Juan G. Macaraeg National

High School Gymnasium at Binalonan, Pangasinan”, proposing a high school

gymnasium with the goal of solving the currently problems happening in their

school gymnasium of Binalonan, Pangasinan. In here, gymnasium is defined as a

room or building equipped for indoor sports. It is a kind of recreational sports

facility considered in a secondary school which focused on preparing students to

enter a university for advanced academic study, physical education programs,

sports competition, and many other recreational uses for several years.

Gymnasiums are virtually in all universities and high school, as well as almost

all middle schools and elementary school. These facilities are used for physical

education, intramural sports, and school gatherings.

 According to the researchers, the past 14 years, there is a 15% increase in

the student population of Juan G. Macaraeg national high school (JGMNHS) and

it is still expected to increase because of the implementation of K-12. In addition

to that, school gatherings and events are held in the social hall of the school,

wherein a lot of students are found drifting beside the social hall of the school

since it doesn’t have room for all students. Furthermore, open spaces and

pathways are used by the students for their physical education activities and sports

competitions thus, they are directly exposed to sun as well as cancelling their pe

subject during rainy season.

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With this regard, a gymnasium is proposed within the school. The fund will

come from landbank as a loan. The money from the from rental stalls, gymnasium

rentals, church seminars, and student development fund can be used to pay the

premium of the loan. With a gymnasium, there will be enough accommodation for

all the students and they will be a lot more comfortable. Above all, it helps the

student to maintain and improve their national competitiveness by means of a

much-improved education and facilities.

The proposed school gymnasium will benefit the school during school

events, gatherings and sports competition. Through this gymnasium, they will no

longer rent facilities outside the school to conduct their events and also students

will no longer be exposed to direct sunlight during their intramurals and physical

education activities. With this school gymnasium, the school will have better

venue and accessibility to held programs. 

In terms of the upliftment of the living standards of people, the school

gymnasium having its rental stalls will provide employment to the local

municipality of Binalonan. It will also make available shelter and a safe place for

the townspeople in times of calamities. And being part of the society, the

gymnasium will also contribute to the improvements and development of the

town.

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Baylon et. al (2013) study entitled “Design of Prototype School Building

with Rainwater Harvesting System”, aims to produce a design for a prototype

school building with rainwater harvesting system. Such method to be produced

was to be applied under public elementary school building standards as well as the

environmental considerations in Bae, Laguna. The primary aim was to promote

fresh water reserves conservation through utilization of roof runoff as an

alternative source intended mainly for flushing and possibly for gardening as well

as street washing purposes of public structures. The result of the study, in the case

of public elementary school in Bae Laguna, the system may conserve an average

of five (5) cubic meters volume of water in a day with an estimated payback

period of roughly three (3) years for the catchment facility expenditures. As a

recommendation, the design methodology can be used as a basis in no area

provided that the environmental conditions namely, geotechnical and hydrologic

states were taken into considerations. For the efficiency of the system, such area

was recommended to have higher rainfall rate. Other complex rainfall pattern

analysis can also be accompanied on the design methodology for further studies on

the efficiency of the system.

Within the study entitled “Andover High School Facilities Update” (2018)

tackles about the importance of physical environment to the students’ performance

output. Based on the students the school environment is lack of many things and

due to this problem, the students’ daily is affected. The school institution building

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systems have been well-maintained, but they are inefficient, ineffectual, and

beyond their usable life. Façade creates constraints in system upgrade options.

Uninsulated walls and older windows allow heat gain in the summer and heat loss

in the winter. Unit ventilators are disruptive and ineffective as they work to

maintain both proper ventilation and appropriate room temperatures. Crowded

community worsen the problem of the institution. Concrete floors extend to the

exterior and create a “thermal bridge”, resulting in warm or cold floors near the

exterior wall.

Thermal condition, heating and indoor air quality (IAQ) were the most

important single features of facility design and quality for improved student

outcomes. AHS classrooms are often too hot or too cold Students exposed to

higher levels of daylight scored up to 25% higher on standardized tests in the same

school district. Controlled daylight with appropriate artificial lighting when

needed provides best lighting conditions. “Teachers need to be able to open the

shades without it changing the temperature of the room drastically. Energy

efficient windows should be used to increase building lighting. School buildings

are designed to support active learning and increase student’s engagement.

In addition, according to statistics, 4.5% of the household budget was being

spent on education. Due to the high inflation rate of the country, the expenditure

for education, even though the government stated that there was free education,

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would be cut high and the demand for free education that results to scarcity of

public classrooms was now rapidly increasing. Thus, the group proposed a study

to design a public school that was eco-friendly, sustainable structure and

structurally stable. The overall objective of this project was to promote innovative

design of public structures particularly public-school buildings. The given

rationales were as follows, to prepare a design for public school building and to

introduce rainwater harvesting system for public structures. The three-storey

school building project will be located roughly 75 meters away from Bay

Elementary School, Bay, Laguna. The said mother school, which was a public

elementary school, has a population of 1000 pupil which experiences congestion

(as stated by a Barangay Official of Bae, Laguna). The group proposed the

location near the school premises in order the students to have easy access in the

said project. The area was a spacious, fertile flatland that covers around one

thousand square meters (1000 m2) and will be a suitable location for a school

building.

In the study entitled “Integrated Approach to Green Building Design” by

Yadav and Singh (2010), sustainable development is maintaining a delicate

balance between the human need to improve lifestyles and feeling of well-being

on one hand, and preserving natural resources and ecosystems, on which we &

future generations depend. Michael Buzzelli (2009) explained with respect to

Canada that the Canadian government launched a Green Energy Act after getting

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motivated by widespread adoption of green ideals. The purpose of this act was to

set out a plan to work together to fight back the problems caused by it. The main

area of focus for our research is this basic policy paradox of development of the

Real estate industry along with minimal adverse implications on the environment.

It also discusses ways that can be used to move forward, addressing the

performance, energy use and greenhouse gas emissions connected with our built

environment.

Kushagra Varma et.al (2014) explained that buildings are both, one of the

biggest consumers of energy and producer of greenhouse gases and these days, it

has become a global issue. It is a fact that buildings generate 35 percent of the

hazardous gases found in the air. Since buildings are accountable for this 170 Fifth

International Conference on Recent Trends in Transportation, Environmental and

Civil Engineering – TECE 2016 scenario, it has forced a direct requirement to not

only think of, but implement sustainability in every new construction right away.

This will render us a sustained environment and a healthy ecosystem. Green

Buildings are buildings that subscribe to the principle of conscientious handling of

natural resources, which means causing as little environmental interference as

possible, using environment friendly materials, requires low operational energy,

utilizes renewable sources of energy to fulfill its requirements, follows high-

quality and longevity as a guideline for construction and finally, must be

economically viable.

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Eichholtz (2010) explained that in today's scenario, sustainability has

become an increasingly important attribute of economic activities for describing

the methods of production. It also acts as a method of knowing the qualities of

consumption and attributes of capital investment. The built environment and

sustainability are closely intertwined, and popular concentration to “green”

building has greatly increased over the past decade. This reflects the potential

significance of real property in matters of environmental conservation. This is the

reason that many of most of the world leaders in the field like RICS and USGBC

are coming together to work shoulder to shoulder in this initiative. Here is an

overview of new green building technique by utilizing the natural resources and on

preservation usage of assets like area, water, vitality, air, material and so on in this

way diminishing the general expense of development and unfavorable effects of

environmental change.

Based on the research study of Stec and Zele (2019) in an article entitled

“An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Two Rainwater Harvesting Systems Located

in Central Eastern Europe”, analyzed the typical consumption of water and studied

the effectiveness of rainwater harvesting systems for toilet flushing in residential

buildings located in Poland and in Slovakia. The researchers have shown that

rainwater harvesting systems can play a significant role as an additional water

source that we could use in daily needs of water such as gardening, flushing

toilets, washing, taking a bath and other purposes than drinking. In a matter of

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fact, (based on their study) over 50% of water used for purposes where the quality

of drinking water is not required. So, it means that all this time we people are just

wasting a good quality of water and not knowing that our supply is only limited.

The use of rainwater for toilet flushing caused that it was possible to

achieve water savings of an average of 29% and 18%, respectively, for facilities

located in the said area. However, as presented in the article, many financial

parameters influence their financial efficiency. Therefore, it is very important to

carry out a full technical and economic analysis whose results will allow one to

make a profitable decision. The use of the system has many benefits for the

environment and sustainable development of cities. In addition to these

environmental benefits, as confirmed by the analysis carried out, rainwater

harvesting can also be financially viable in many cases.

Abdulal et. al, (2006) conducted a study entitled “Rainwater Collection

System for Dalhousie University”. The study tackles about the Rainwater

Collection and Cistern System that was based on the core requirements of the

Environmental Problem Solving II (ENVS: 3502). The report includes a variety of

methods to determine the feasibility of a Rainwater Collection system (RWCS) at

Dalhousie University. Such methods include extensive research, the utilization of

expert advice from an interview/survey, and completion of a cost benefit analysis

to determine economic feasibility. The main purpose for conducting this feasibility

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study is to obtain a better understanding of environmental solutions to everyday

problems. For instance, determining the feasibility of implementing a rainwater

collection system at Dalhousie is an environmental alternative solution for

reducing Dalhousie’s municipal water consumption. The location for the

theoretical study area was determined by the interview/survey of several experts

and through various calculations. After determining the location and size of the

study area, the cost benefit analysis was completed, and the overall cost of the

study was compared to the current municipal water costs. The cost benefit analysis

determined that a RWCS is feasible for the study area.

Nowadays, the availability of an acceptable building is an important

requirement for school’s operation, that is why educational facilities such as

Gymnasium are considered indispensable to a school. This realization leads the

government to address the need of every school to fulfil the need of a better venue

and accessibility to held programs.

Rojas-Torres (2014) in his study “Sustainable Water Management in

Cities”, said that rainwater harvesting system has the potential to provide more

than 20 % of the water demands, however the change in the precipitation patterns

cannot be accurately predicted and long drought periods could make it an

unreliable source, because when both harvested rainwater and reclaimed water are

used simultaneously, they have potential to reduce the consumption of natural

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water sources up to a 25.2 %. Furthermore, the implementation of water

reclamation can effectively complement the use of harvested rainwater providing

enough water for agricultural activities in the city even during drought seasons.

In “Rain water harvesting” of Mareddy (2017) stated that current

technologies of rainwater harvesting require that all roof and terrace water passes

down into a covered tank where it can be stored for use after the monsoon. This is

most advantageous in constructing large storage tanks that are expensive. Another

way of using rooftop rainwater harvesting is to collect it so that it percolates into

the ground to recharge wells instead of flowing over the ground into rivers. Thus,

by recharging the groundwater by water harvesting from rooftops, the table rises,

and the surrounding wells retain water throughout the year.

For centuries, people have relied on rainwater harvesting to supply water

for household, landscape, livestock, and agricultural uses. Before large centralized

water supply systems were developed, rainwater was collected from roofs and

stored on-site in tanks known as cisterns. With the development of large, reliable

water treatment and distribution systems and more affordable well drilling

equipment, rain harvesting systems have been all but forgotten, even though they

offer a source of pure, soft water. A renewed interest in this time-honored

technique/approach emerged in recent decades due to the following reasons: the

problem of water shortage in arid and semiarid regions, escalating environmental

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and economic costs of providing water by centralized water systems or by well

drilling, health benefits of rainwater, and potential cost savings associated with

rainwater collection systems.

Rainwater harvesting is the collecting and using of precipitation from a

catchment surface. The rainwater collected can be stored for direct use or used for

hydrant purpose on emergency or can be recharged into the groundwater.

Rainwater harvesting is thus becoming essential as it helps to meet our demand for

the water either directly as rainwater is stored and put to different uses or

indirectly via replenishing the groundwater. There are two main techniques of

rainwater harvesting (RWH): (i) storage of rainwater on surface for further use and

(ii) recharge to groundwater. For RWH, the rainwater thus, as it falls on a

catchment (the surface that receives rainfall directly; it can be a paved area like a

roof, terrace, or courtyard of a building or an unpaved area like a lawn or open

ground), is carried through conduits (the pipelines or drains that carry exclusive

rainwater from the catchment) for storage or recharge.

In general, runoff (it is the term applied to the water that flows away from a

catchment after falling on its surface in the form of rain) from only paved surfaces

(e.g., rooftop) is used for storing since it will be relatively less contaminated.

Drainpipes that collect water from the rooftop are diverted to the storage container.

Rainwater collected from rooftops is free of mineral pollutants like fluoride and

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calcium salts that may be found in groundwater. But it is likely to be contaminated

with pollutants in air and on surface. To prevent leaves and debris from entering

the system, mesh filters should be provided at the mouth of the drainpipe. It is

preferable to use the stored water for purposes like gardening, flushing, bathing,

and augmenting storage for firefighting and even for utilities after necessary

treatment. If it is to be used for drinking purposes, it should be used after boiling

or disinfecting with chlorine tablets or after filtration.

Synthesis of the Study

Educational facilities are considered indispensable to a school. The

availability of an acceptable building is an important requirement for its operation.

They do not only provide housing for the school but also serve as a facilitating

agent for all the educational facilities that take place in a school. Thus, the

proposed school gymnasium will support the development, teaching and learning

process of the students and ultimately improve the quality of basic education.

Today, eco-friendly development is becoming more common, mainly

because of energy which results in increased carbon emissions harmful to the

environment. It is for this reason that more and more architects and developer are

now creating building that reduce impact on the environment.

By conducting research, and analyzing the local and foreign related

literature, the researchers was able to design and propose a school bleacher and

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reusable gray water basin system within the institution of Saint James Academy.

The related literature helps the researchers to have good ideas about the proposals.

Using these related literature, the researchers can have the design solution of the

proposed project. These related studies will serve as a guideline to the researchers

about the process that can be applied in the project and to know the requirements

in proposing a renovation and the design limitation of the project.

In sustainability, one example is the study entitled “Green building

architecture: a literature review on designing techniques” of Yadav and Singh is

related to the present study in a way that sustainability in every new construction

must be implemented and it will render a sustained environment and a healthy

ecosystem. These are buildings that subscribe to the principle of conscientious

handling of natural resources, which means causing as little environmental

interference as possible, using environment friendly materials, requires low

operational energy, utilizes renewable sources of energy to fulfill its requirements,

follows high-quality and longevity as a guideline for construction and finally, must

be economically viable.

The studies of Buzelli (2009), Varma et.al (2014) and Eichholtz (2010) has

a significant similarity to the present study. Entirely is all about green building and

the sustainability of a building. It is about helping the environment using

environment friendly materials such as rainwater, sun rays, currents and biomass.

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In the present study, it is also related to a green building because of the gray water

that will be stored through the installation of water catchment from the rain that

come through the roof gutter of the gymnasium of Saint James Academy.

The studies entitled “Design of Prototype School Building with Rainwater

Harvesting System” by Baylon et. al (2013), “Rainwater Collection System for

Dalhousie University” by Abdulal et. al, (2006), “Sustainable Water Management

in Cities” by Rojas-Torres (2014), “An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Two

Rainwater Harvesting Systems Located in Central Eastern Europe” Stec and Zele

(2019) and “Rain water harvesting” Mareddy (2017), are all related to the present

study of the researchers in terms of the type of green architecture they used. The

above five studies used the rainwater harvesting system where the design building

has a rain water collector and will be reused for daily needs of water such as

cleaning, flushing of toilets, irrigation to garden and as sprinklers in case of fire.

As the rainwater catchment has lot of benefits such as reduces flooding, reduces

water bills and can be used for all water purposes other than drinking. In the

current studies, proposed plan for the gray water system of school gymnasium will

also be use in flushing toilet and other purposes. The concept of the related studies

and the current study has the same concept.

The researchers found a similarity in the study conducted by Gamboa &

Estacio (2017) with the present study. Both studies are about the importance and

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the use of the gymnasium for the school gatherings and events. Also, it is stated

that there is an increase of students because of the implementation of the K-12

Curriculum Program. With the gymnasium the school will be accessible in many

programs and for the students, they will have comfortable seats and positions. The

difference in the present study is that there is already trusses and roof in the

gymnasium while their study is proposing of having a roof to not be longer

exposed to direct sunlight. The present study is about the renovation of the

gymnasium through a second-floor bleacher while the study conducted by

Gamboa & Estacio (2017) is about proposing a ground-floor bleacher within the

school gymnasium.

The researchers found a significant similarity within the study entitled

“Andover High School Facilities Update” (2018) and the present study. Both

studies are about the problems due to lack of proper ventilation and insulation

resulting to warm temperature inside the facility that greatly affects the students.

The difference is, the study entitled Andover High School Facilities update

focuses on the whole school facilities while the present study focuses on the

gymnasium of Saint James Academy.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains the research design, the data collection, the

statistical treatment of data in conducting the renovation of the project which will

give benefits to further understand how the researchers arrived with the

information and met the requirements needed for the design of the project entitled

“Re- Envisioning Green Architecture: Proposed Design for the Renovation of the

Gymnasium and Utilizing Gray Water Basin System in Saint James Academy”.

Research Design

Pre- Construction/ Pre-Development Phase

Feasibility Study

Planning and Design

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Preparing Project Description Report

Figure 2: Research Design

The present study will apply the use of descriptive research aligned with the

purpose of the plan for the renovation of the gymnasium in Saint James Academy

with the utilization of graywater catchment system. The researchers involved the

collection of data and information from investigations, direct observations, surveys

and pre-evaluation of the area concerned with the proposed design. Through the

process of the C-D-I-O (Conceive, Design, Implement and Operate) model. For

starters, the knowledge input needed: Knowledge Requirements (Gymnasium and

Bleachers): External Parameters, History and Location, Materials specification and

design: Steel and Timber, Concrete, Electrical and Lightings, Ventilation,

Capacity of the Gymnasium. As well as, Knowledge Requirements (Graywater

basin system): Green Architecture, Gutter and Plumbing System, Materials

specification. Through processes, the output from the proposed plan will be

pursued.

Dudovskiy (2011) defined descriptive research as simply the attempt to

determine, describe or identify what is. In its popular format, descriptive research

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is used to describe characteristics and/or behavior of sample population

Feasibility Study. Hofstrand & Holz-Clause (2009) defined feasibility

study as an analysis of the viability of an idea. The feasibility study focuses on

helping answer the essential question of “should we proceed with the proposed

project idea?” All activities of the study are directed toward helping answer this

question.

Ergo, this study focuses on the probability of the renovation of the

gymnasium in Saint James Academy, likewise, the gray water basin system.

Planning and Design. The present study will utilize variations of designs

and plans with the incorporation of elements of green architecture. In which

includes: a 3D – Model, SketchUp, AutoCad, and plate plans to help visualize and

to better illustrate the proposed plan. Under such, are the material specification

and cost estimation. Through the recommendations and suggestions of an

architect, the researchers will be guided in such preparation of materials.

Utility requirements. Another essential part of the present study is the

utility that will further enhance the renovation of the gymnasium. Enclosed in this

is the ventilation, lightings, electricity and wirings vital for the project. In the

sector of the graywater catchment, included are water and maintenance

requirements.

Site Plan and Site Evaluation. The researchers will be conducting analysis

to evaluate the strength of the existing establishments and location if they will be

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able to withhold the proposed study. Accordingly, the site plan will follow suit

according to the evaluation of the preceding factors. With conditions in mind, the

researchers will be able to conduct and prepare a plan that will fit the requirements

of the evaluations.

Preparing Project Description or Report. In provision of this, the

researchers will provide a clear plan such as hand and soft copies and tangible

materials that will be utilized to understand the project. A detailed plan of the

proposed plan will include photos, diagrams and figures to portray the plan of the

researchers.

Data Gathering Procedures

Identification

Checking or listing out in mind or paper different problems occurred during

at the time the study subject has been given to the researcher is their first attempt

to define the circumstances and difficulties the subject matter is bearing and

initiate to be rendered by prior solution. Identifying the problems accountably

always results to appropriate and organized solution.

Actual Observation

Actual sighting of the situation, behavior and need that constitute the

problem is very significant to the researcher in such ways like they could begin to

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set their minds to appropriate come up base on what they had pictured out and the

other way is they will be thoroughly apprehended of their scope of development

through experiencing of first account ambiance of the place.

Primary Data

This is a data or the performance of gathering specially use during

preliminary research phase. This might be inaccurate but useful in the practical

rationality of the research. During right at the moment of the preliminary data

gathering. The researcher often delivers a visual action of her purpose of

researching such as identification, actual observation, interviews, personal asking,

self-investigation, surveys and personal experience.

METHOD RESEARCH DATA AND

SOURCES INFORMATION
Government Offices and  City Planning and  General Information
Agencies Development Office about the project such
 City Engineering as construction and
Office code requirements,
 Development Plan
and Maps and;
 Other information
about the site

Library Research  Batangas State  Related information

University Foster from Architectural
Wheeler Library thesis book correlated
to the proposal
Other Sources and related  Internet and Books  Related information
information and news about the
site, laws and
provisions in

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environment
Actual inspection and  Location: Saint James  Actual photo of the
observation Academy, Ibaan, site, observing the
Batangas site, and its status
regarding in
accessibility and its
availability
 Observing and
understanding the
environmental
characteristics of the
place.
Figure 3: Data Resources

Ethical Considerations

Researchers are needed to be systematically included for conducting

research with the quality and validity of the data. They must do their utmost being

to ensure that the objectives that are concerned take the superiority over

predetermined notions and assessment because they’re never excused from any

unethical judgements. The quality or fact of being honest and uprightness is

needed, and it means being trustworthy, being fair and credible. Plagiarizing one’s

work and data fabrication may be an example of being dishonest. The researchers

must protect their respondents with integrity as particular ethic norm in research.

Furthermore, the culture of the students, faculty and other people involved in the

institution is also considered.

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Oblates of Saint Joseph Schools