ORIGIN OF CAMPUS JOURNALISM on bookpaper.

If ever news is printed, it is brief, featurized, and found in the

inside pages.
On a 4” x 6” sheet of paper, Samuel Fickle Fox penned the first issue of The Students Gazette on  Periodicals, brochures, journals, books, and graphic arts are classified under
July 11, 1777 at the William Penn Charter School in Philadelphia, USA. Published continuously print media. Radio falls under oral journalism, while television, movies, and
until August 1778, when the British soldiers closed the school, The Gazette is recognized as the documentaries are under visual journalism.
first student publication in the English-speaking world.  Radio and television are examples of broadcast media while movies and
documentaries are examples of film media.
In the Philippines, The University of the Philippines started publishing its magazine College Folio  
in October 1910 and printed the works of the first promising writers in English. In 1912 the Functions of modern campus papers:
graduates of Manila High School published their English writings in The Coconut. The following  Information function
year, 1913, the Philippine Normal School introduced its publication, The TORCH.  Opinion function
 Education function
The UP Writers Club which was organized in 1927 had its literary organ, The Literary Apprentice  Watchdog function
which became the most prestigious college literary publication in the country. At about this time
 Laboratory function
UST’s Varsitarian began to see publication.
 Documentation function
JOURNALISM IN GENERAL  Entertainment function 
 Developmental function 
Definition of Journalism

The word journal comes from the Latin word diurna which means “daily.”  In ancient Rome, short
bulletins of battles, fires, and elections compiled by government officials were posted up in public Sections/Part of A Campus Paper
places.  These were called acta diurna which meant “daily events.” Whether it is a community, metropolitan, or national paper, its parts and sections are more or less
  the same.
Other definitions of journalism:
 The occupation of writing for publication in newspapers and other periodicals. – Noah Traditionally, these are:
Webster A. Front Page
 Something that embraces all forms in which or through which the news and 1. Local news – news that takes place within the country.
comments on the news reach the public. All that happens in the world, if such 2. Foreign news – news that takes place outside the country.
happenings hold interest for the public, and all the thoughts, actions, and ideas which 3. Dateline news – an out-of-town news story.  It is introduced by a dateline which states
these happenings stimulate, become basic materials for the journalist.- Fraser F. the place from which the story was reported, the date, and the source of the
Bond material if not written by the local staff, as Tokyo, Japan, Jan. 25 (AP).
 Enjoyable co-curricular activity of the school paper staff in collecting, organizing, and 4. Weather news – usually a boxed forecast of the area, sometimes the temperature,
presenting news; in writing editorials, columns, literary articles, and features; in wind directions, and velocities. 
copyreading, proofreading, dummying, and writing headlines – all for the purpose of 5. Index – a slug line indicating an important inside page story and the page where it is
putting out a school organ. – School Paper Advisers of the City Schools of Manila found.
6. Other things found on the Front Page: (Those with asterisk may or may not be
Scope of Journalism   present).
 Journalism may be divided into three areas: written, oral, and visual a. Nameplate – The engraved or printed name of the newspaper, as the
Manila Times or PNC Torch.
 Periodicals such as newspapers and magazines fall under written journalism.
b. Ears – The little boxes on either side of the nameplate.
A periodical, defined broadly, is a publication that comes out at regular
c. Banner – The principal headline bearing the boldest and biggest type.  It is
intervals – daily, weekly, fortnightly, monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, annually,
the title of the most important news of the day which is called banner
etc.
news.  It may or may not run across the page.  It id does, it may also be
 A newspaper, compared to a magazine, prints more news, has no special
called a streamer.
cover, and is printed on a special paper called newsprint. News is printed on
d. Running head – a head made up of two or more lines.
the front page as well as on the inside and back pages.
e. Headline – The title of any news story.  The word headline is used only for
 A magazine, on the other hand, prints more features and human interest titles of news stories.
stories, has a special cover usually with a big cut on it, and is often printed
 f. Deck – a subordinate headline placed immediately below its mother Sports stories are classified as news stories; therefore, what may be found in the news
headline, also known as bank or readout. page may also be found in the sports section.  Other things that may be found in the
g. Lead – The beginning of a news story.  It may be a word, a group of words, a sports section are the sports commentaries and sports features.
sentence, or even a paragraph.  
h. News story – The whole story of an event composed of the lead and the text D. Special Features
which is the elaboration of the lead.   The modern newspaper has taken some special features and eliminated some which
i. Columns – The horizontal division into parts of a newspaper.  Many national have become irrelevant to the needs of the times.  An example of this is the
papers are divided into eight columns while a typical school paper is  Society page
divided into five columns of 12 ems each.  Life and Leisure (The arts, Religion, Entertainment and Comics) and
j. Column rule – The vertical line that divides the page into columns.  Most  Finance and Business
pages of newspaper are divided into columns by a space usually one  The feature page may contain home and culture, entertainment, comics,
em wide.  This space is called the sunken rule. shipping, classified ads, movie, TV and radio guides, and the comics page.
k. Fold – The imaginary horizontal line that divides the newspaper equally into
two parts.
l. Byline – The signature of a reporter preceding a news-feature, as By
Warren Cruz. ACTIVITY:
m. Box – News materials enclosed by line rules.
Ask your parents or the elder members in the family to find or buy a newspaper. Refer to the
n. Cut – A metal plate bearing a newspaper’s illustration, also known as cliché.
“Sections/ Parts of A Campus Paper.” Locate and identify each section and part by
o. Cutline – The text accompanying photos and other art work, better known as
a caption.  If written above the photo just like a slugline, it is called an cutting parts of the newspaper and pasting it in a short bond paper. Label each part.
overline. Enclose your work in a short white folder.
p. Kicker – A tagline placed above but smaller than a headline, also known as
teaser.  If it is bigger than the headline, it is called a hammer.  
q. Credit line – A line giving the source of story or illustration, as Reprinted The Charter of Student Press Rights
from the “Manila Times” or Photo by MPI. The following conditions are essential for a free student press:
   The student press, in accordance with the right of the United Nations (Draft)
B. Front Page Convention on Freedom of Information, should be free from regulations by
1. Folio – Consists of the page number, date of publication, and name of the newspaper, any organ of the government or by the university authorities;
usually written on top of the page.  This is also found in the other pages.  The student press, except where it is an official organ of a student
2. Masthead – The editorial box containing the logo, names of the staff members and organization, should be free from regulations by other student organizations;
position in the staff, subscription rate, the publisher, and other pertinent data  The student press should be free from all pressures, financial and other
about the newspaper.  A logo (a shorter word for logotype) is a cut which external groups;
contains an identifying word or words, such as the name of the newspaper or of  The student press should have a free access to information and the same
a section. rights and privileges as afforded to regularly accredited journalists.
3. Editorial proper – A commentary written by any of the editors who comments or gives  
the opinion of the staff or of the whole paper on various subjects.  It is the stand The Code of Student Press Ethics
of the paper. Believing that all student publications throughout the world should respect the basic principles of
4. Editorial column - A personal opinion written by the columnist himself or herself.  Like human rights and that they should maintain good quality workmanship and a high standard of
the editorial proper, it may attack, teach, entertain, or appeal depending upon its conduct, the following Code of Ethics for observance by student journalists is recommended:
purpose.  The student journalist should strive continuously to be unbiased and
5. Editorial cartoon – Usually a caricature emphasizing a simple point.  Usually accurate in his/her reports and should equip himself adequately with facts to
humorous, it has the function of the editorial.  It stands by itself and is not a support his/her published statements.  He/She should realize his/her
complement of the editorial proper. personal responsibility for everything he/she submits for publication.
6. Editorial liner – a short statement or quoted saying placed at the end of an editorial  The student journalist should reveal his/her identity as a representative of the
column or editorial to drive home a message. student press before obtaining any interview for publication.
7. Letter to the editor – A letter sent in by the reader giving his personal views on certain  The editor should not exclude a student point of view solely because it is
aspects. contrary to the editorial policy.
   The editor should apologize in print at the first available opportunity for all
C. Sports Page mistakes.
  A student journalist should defend freedom through the hones collection and  
publication of news and facts and through the rights of fair comment and 5. Student Dignity:  Student journalism, recognizing its responsibility as a medium of
criticism. expression and orientation, declares that it will try to be effective in favor of
 A student journalist should respect all confidence regarding sources of student and human rights in accordance with various resolutions of the
information and private documents.  He/She should not falsify information or International Student Press Conference which says that:
documents or distort of misrepresent the facts.  
 Student journalists should be familiar with the laws of libel and contempt of “… all people should have access to an education enabling them to realize their
court which exist in their country and should observe the international full potentialities and available equally to all without regard for color, economic
copyright agreement unless this interferes with the freedom of the press or circumstances, sex, political or religious convictions and social standing; that all
the need to inform the public on vital matters.  Every effort should be made to people should be free to develop their educational systems in keeping with their
retain the independence of all students from public relations, censorship, own culture and traditions.”
pressure or undue influence from any outside body, political, governmental WRITING GOOD JOURNALISTIC STYLE
religious or in the university.  Official publications of a student union, 1. Cut unnecessary fat. Preserve meaning, but prune ruthlessly.
however, have a particular responsibility to that union. 2. Use simple, clear language. Bring meaning into focus with concrete examples and vivid
  writing.
Declaration of Principles:  Aims of Student Journalists 3. Say what you mean.
The International Student Press Conference, considering 4. Choose active over passive voice. Replace “to be” verbs with action verbs.
  5. Craft transitions carefully. The most commonly used transitions are chronological (now,
*That journalism plays one of the most essential roles in the life of man, i.e. the since, then, a few days later, etc).
expression of thinking; 6. Replace clichés and adjectives with nouns and action verbs focusing on actors and
  action.
*that student journalism as a means of expressing thought tends to strengthen unity, 7. Translate jargon by paraphrasing dull, wordy quotes.
understanding and friendship among all the students of the world; 8. Use quotes correctly.
 
*that through a mandate of the press conference, it is the duty of the student press to ROY PETER CLARK: Fourteen Traits of Good Writers
take a position on current problems based on the Universal Declaration of Human TRAIT 1
Rights and on the Charter of the Student Press; Good writers see the world as their journalism laboratory, a storehouse of story ideas. If
  they can get out of the room, they can find a story.
*that in order to define the responsibility of the student press in a Code of Ethics, it is
necessary first of all to establish the duties and obligations of the student journalist and TRAIT 2
make a declaration of principles containing the aims and objectives to be implemented Good writers prefer to discover and develop their own story ideas. They have an eye for the
by the student press, resolves to declare as fundamental principles to be implemented offbeat and may find conventional assignments tedious.
by the student journalists the following:
  TRAIT 3
1. Culture:  Student journalism must be a means of propagating culture in all its forms; Good writers are voracious collectors of information. This usually means that they take notes
  like crazy.
2. Freedom of the Press:  it is necessary in order to insure the very existence of
journalism that full freedom of the press exists in the country in which student TRAIT 4
publications are issued because the freedom of the press exactly reflects the Good writers spend too much time and creative energy working on their leads. They know
liberty of opinion and expression in any democratic country; that the lead is the most important part of their work, the passage that invites the reader into the
  story and signals the news.
3. Freedom of Culture:  As the exchange of ideas and opinions is an effective means of
obtaining understanding between all students of the world it is indispensable for TRAIT 5
such understanding that all men have full freedom of thought, conscience and Good writers talk about “immersing themselves” into the story. They live it, breathe it, and
religion. dream it.
 
4. Totalitarianism, Colonialism, Imperialism:  Student journalists should pursue and TRAIT 6
condemn totalitarianism, colonialism, and imperialism in all their forms as these Most good writers are bleeders rather than speeders. When they write, in the words of
are systems opposed to the highest aspirations of students around the world; sportswriter Red Smith, they “open a vein.”
  Drama – this adds color to the story.  The more picturesque the background and the
TRAIT 7 more dramatic the actions are, the more appealing the story is to the reader. 
Good writers understand that an important part of writing is the mechanical drudgery of  Oddity or unusualness – This refers to strange or unnatural events, objects,
organizing the material, what Saul Pett describes as “donkey work.” persons, and places.  An odd story is interesting not because of its news value but
because of the human-interest side of it. 
TRAIT 8  Romance and adventure – The romance of Elizabeth Taylor and Richard Burton
Good writers rewrite. They love computer terminals, which permit maximum playfulness during had hugged headlines for many years.  Romance may be experienced with other
revision. things.  There were the romance of Hemingway with the sea and of the astronauts
with space.
TRAIT 9  Sex – Since the dawn of history, sex has always interested man.  Stories of sex are
In judging their work, good writers tend to trust their ears and their feelings more than usually related to stories of romance, marriage, divorce, and the varied activities of
their eyes. Editors “look for holes in the story.” Writers want ‘to make it sing.” men with women.  This is not always the case
 Progress – The onward and forward march of civilization or the progress of a
TRAIT 10 country is chronicled step by step in the newspaper.  The trend today is towards
Good writers want to tell stories. They are constantly searching for the human side of the development communication.  Reports on the significant changes in the established
news, for voices that enliven the writing. order and on scientific achievements are in order.
 Animals – Stories of animals, especially those with talents are good reading matter
TRAIT 11 because of their human-interest value.
Good writers write primarily to please themselves and to meet their own exacting
 Number – Sweepstakes numbers, vital statistics, election results, scores in games,
standards, but they also understand that writing is a transaction between writer and
casualties, fatalities, price of goods, and ages of women make good news.
reader.
 Emotion – All the other elements of news mentioned above appeal to the emotion.  
But the term emotion here includes the various human responses such as the innate
TRAIT 12
desire for food, clothing, shelter; the universal interest in children, animals, and
Good writers take chances in their writing. They love the surprising and the unconventional
nature; and the natural feeling of love, sympathy and generosity, of fear, hatred, and
approach to a story.
jealousy.
 
TRAIT 13
Types of News Stories
Good writers are lifelong readers, mostly novels, and they like movies. They collect story
News stories may fall under any of the following types according to:
ideas and forms from other genres.
 
1. Scope or origin
TRAIT 14
Good writers write too long, and they know it. They want their stories to be “seamless” or  Local news – Report of events that take place within the immediate locality.
“connected by a single thread” or “to flow.”  National news – News that takes place within the country.
News Defined  Foreign news – News that takes place outside the country.
News is an oral or written report of a past, present, or future event.  It should be factual, truthful,  Dateline news – News preceded by the date and place of origin or place
accurate, unbiased, and interesting.  But what is interesting to one is not always interesting to where it was written or filed:  Tokyo, Jan. 20(AP)
another  
2. Chronology or sequence
Elements of News  Advance or anticipated – News published before its occurrence,
 Conflict –this may involve physical or mental conflict – man versus man, man versus sometimes called dope or prognostication.  The reporter foretells events
animals, man versus nature, or man versus himself.  expected to occur at a definite time in the future.
 Immediacy or timeliness – This element emphasizes the newest angle of the  Spot news – News that is gathered and reporter on the spot.  It deals with
story.  The more recent the event, the more interesting it is to the reader. unscheduled information demanding immediate publication.  The reporter
 Proximity or nearness – This may refer to geographical nearness as well as to himself is an eyewitness to the event that took place.
nearness of kinship or interest.   Coverage news – News written from a given beat.  Both spot news and
 Prominence – Some people are more prominent than others by reasons of wealth, coverage news are good examples of first-hand reporting.
social position, or achievements.   Follow-up news – A sequel to a previous story.  Having a new lead of its
 Significance – Whatever is significant to the life of an individual is interesting to him.  own, it is a second, third or subsequent chapter of a serial.  
 Names – Important names make important news. 
 3. Structure e. Sports stories
 Straight News – News that consists of facts given straight without  
embellishment.  Its main aim is to inform.  It uses the summary lead and is 6. Minor forms
written using the inverted pyramid structure. a. News brief – A short item of news interest, written like a brief telegraphic
 News-feature (Featurized news distinguished from a feature article) – It is message, giving mainly the result with details.
also based on facts, but it entertains more than it informs.  It uses the b. News bulletin – It is similar to the lead of a straight news story.  Its aim is
suspended interest structure like the narrative; thus, it cannot meet the cut- just to give the gist of the news.
off test.  In writing a news-feature, the writer may give his impression, may c. News-featurette – This is a short news feature usually used as filler, e.g.,
describe and narrate, but without resorting to biased opinion; i.e., without “Quirks in the news.”
editorializing.  The reporter’s by-line usually appears with his story. d. Flash – A bulletin that conveys the first word of an event.

(1) Single-feature or one-incident story – The story deals with an isolated

event.  A single fact is featured in the lead and is explained further in the ACTIVITY:
succeeding paragraphs.  The story breaks logically at every paragraph;
thus enabling the reporter to cut or lengthen it as space dictates. Cut a news article from a newspaper and clip it in a short bond paper. Reason out what makes
the article newsworthy. (50 points)
(2) Several-feature, multiple-angled, or composite story – Several facts
are included in the lead in their order of importance.  These facts are
elaborated one after the other in the body.  The several-feature story
aims to draw together two or more divergent aspects of related news Essay : If given the chance to serve the country as one of the journalists someday, what do you
items separately; the writer writes them in one big story. think is/are your asset/s or quality/ies you can offer to better serve the mass and your
  countrymen? Write your answer on a short bondpaper. (50 points)
4. Treatment
a. Fact story – This is a plain exposition setting forth a single situation or a
series of closely related facts that inform.  It is written in the inverted WRITING THE LEAD
pyramid design.  
b. Action story – A narrative of actions involving not mere simple facts but also Kinds of Lead
of dramatic events, description of persons and events, perhaps  
testimony of witnesses, as well as explanatory data.  Sports games, 1. Conventional or summary lead
competitions, accidents, and war reports are examples of action stories.   This kind of lead used in straight news answers right away all or any of the 5 W’s and/or the
c. Speech report – A news story usually written from a public address, talks,
H.  It may be one of the following:
and speeches.
 WHO lead – Used when the person involved is more prominent that what he does or
d. Quote story – Speeches, statements, and letters, and to some extent,
what happens to him.
interviews when reported, are regarded as quote stories.  All are based
on recorded information, either written or spoken, and transcribed by  WHAT lead – Used when the event or what took place is more important than the
the reporter in the form of news. person involved in the story.
e. Interview story – A news report written from an interview.  WHERE lead – Used when the place is unique and no prominent person is involved.
f. Hard news– events, such as killings, city council meetings and speeches by  WHEN lead – Rarely used as the reader presumes the story to be timely.  However,
leading government officials, are timely and are reported almost this lead is useful when speaking of deadlines, holidays, and important dates.
automatically by the media.  WHY lead – Used when the reason is more prominent or unique than what happens.
g. Soft news – events, such as a lunch to honor a retiring school custodian or a  HOW lead – Used when the manner, mode, means, or method of achieving the story
boy scouting jamboree are not usually considered immediately is the unnatural way.
important or timely to a wide audience.
5. Content 2. Grammatical beginning lead
a. Routine story – celebrations, enrollment, graduation, election stories reported             Some examples of these grammatical beginning leads are:  
year in and year out.  Prepositional phrase lead – The phrase is introduced by a preposition.
b. Police reports – accident, fire, calamity, crime stories, etc.  Infinitive phrase lead – It begins with the sign of the infinitive to plus the main verb.
c. Science news  Participial phrase lead – It is introduced by the present or past participle form of the
d. Developmental news verb
  Gerundial Phrase lead – It is introduced by a gerund (a verbal noun ending in ing) See that the story breaks logically at every paragraph and that the story may be
 Clause lead – The lead begins with a clause which may either be independent or cut or lengthened as space dictates.
subordinate; or may either be a noun or an adjectival or adverbial clause.  
  b. The several-feature, multiple-angle or composite story – In a composite
3. Novelty lead             story, two or more divergent aspects of a news topic are drawn together for the
 Astonisher lead – Uses an interjection or an exclamatory sentence. sake of space and coherence.  In structure, the composite story may resemble
 Contrast lead – Describes two extremes or opposites for emphasis.  The sharper that of a follow-up story in that both of them aim to consolidate component pars.  
the contrast, the more effective the lead will be. However, they differ in the sense that the follow-up story ends in a tie-in with a
 Epigram lead – Opens by quoting a common expression, verse, or epigram, at least past story; whereas, the composite story is composed of units, each one made
familiar in the locality. up of fresh spot news frequently with reference to the future.
 Picture lead – Describes a person, a place, or an event, at the same time creating a
mental picture of the subject matter in the mind of the reader. In writing the several-feature or composite story, include all of the feature in a
comprehensive lead in the order of their importance.
 Background lead – Similar to the picture lead except that it describes the setting
 
which may be more prominent than the characters and the events.
The next step is to explain and elaborate in the body each of the features in the
 Descriptive lead – Used when comparatively few descriptive words can vividly
order in which they are in the lead.  In doing this, relegate less important details
formulate an imagery.
of each feature to less important positions.  But remember that each chain of
 Parody lead – Consists of a parody of a well-known song, poem, lines, etc. facts although covered separately should be handled as a single, unified story.
 Punch lead – A short, forceful word or expression.   
 One word lead – (self-explanatory) Fact Story
 Quotation lead – Consists of the speaker’s direct words which are very striking and This is a plain exposition of a simple situation or of a series of closely related events which
which are usually quoted from a speech, a public address, or an interview. conform to the inverted pyramid design more closely than any other kind of news.   The
 Question lead – An answer to a question which is the basis of the news story. component parts are the series of facts that may be likened to rectangles of diminishing
 This will be known Aug. 8 after the final screening to be held at the PNU Gym and length arranged one after the other in order of their importance.
Performing Arts Center.  
    Action Story
Various Types of News Structure  This is a narrative involving not merely simple facts, but dramatic actions – incidents,
1. Straight News Story description of persons, perhaps testimonies of witnesses, as well as explanatory data.
a. The summary lead answers the most important W’s depending on which of the  
W’s is the most prominent among them. In writing this kind of story, first write a summarizing lead in any appropriate form.   Relate
b. The body consists of the elaboration of the W’s and the H. the most important details in narrative or chronological form.  Tell the story again, giving
  more details.  But be careful not to begin the chronological order just after the beginning.  
News-Feature Story   Give sufficient attention to the elaboration of important information, background and
News-feature should not be confused with feature articles (features) which are sometimes interpretation.  Each unit must be closely interlocked.
called special features and printed in the features sections of the newspapers or in    
magazines. 4. Speech report, quote, and interview stories
  The arrangement of a speech reports, a quote story, and of an interview are to a great
Human interest and news-feature stories are classified as news since both are gathered extent similar.
and written daily by reporters as their regular assignments.  Furthermore, both emphasize  
the element of timeliness or immediacy which distinguishes news from other types of The quote story may be charted as alternating large and small rectangles of diminishing
reading, although they differ in important respects from the straight news story. sizes:  summary, quote, summary, quote, summary arrangement.  The quotations may be
  direct, indirect, or a combination of both.
a. The single-feature story – A single-feature or one incident story such as an  
account of a speech, an interview, or an election, deals with an isolated event. In writing this kind of story, the following suggestions may be helpful: 1) Write a
  summarizing lead in any appropriate form, 2) Write the body of the story in a summary-
In writing a news-feature story with this kind of structure, include the one-feature quote-summary arrangement.
in the lead.  Add in the body details which clarify and explain the lead.  
  The lead may be a summarizing statement – the gist of the speech, statement, letter, or
interview; or it may be the most important quotation in the story written as a direct quote.
  
Organizing News Stories
MICRO-ORGANIZATION
Inverted –Pyramid Style – traditional news writing form in which the key points of a story are put 1. Each sentence should contain one central idea.
in the opening paragraph and the news is stacked in the following paragraphs in order of 2. Each sentence should lead logically to the next.
descending importance. 3. When necessary, transitions should ease the reader from one issue to the next and
connect the main issues of your story.
4. The top of your story should include the essential information needed to inform the
reader of the news and, if necessary, should have a background paragraph, a news
hook and a cosmic quote.
5. Put attributions at the end of a sentence, unless who’s saying it is more important
than what’s being said.

News hook: “With only one month to go before the first votes are cast in the Student
Government Executive Body elections”
Outline of a Spot News Story
Nut graph: “Never before have so many political parties contended so avidly for the votes
Spot news stories – also called breaking news stories – usually follow a standard of the silent majority which definitely will decide the outcome of the elections.”
formula for writing called the inverted pyramid.
Background: “Largely ignored in the past, the silent majority have become the focus of
1. Lead (1-2) paragraphs government platforms of the contending parties, the identified audience in the
 Sums up the focus of the story. campaigns.”
 Orients readers by telling them something surprising; entices them to
continue reading for more details. Cosmic Quote: “This is the first time in the local executive body election since the 1980s
that four political parties try to mobilize the majority to end their silence and finally speak
 Answers Who? What? When? Where? Why? How?
up,” said Maritess Gomez, secretary general of the Sprite-7up Party Coalition.
2. Impact (1 paragraph) (Answers: How will this affect the reader?)
But Ms. Gomez, who is confident her party will win the elections, said
3. Reaction and response (1 paragraph)
she saw no cause of alarm in this. While the silent majority “have not been mobilized in
4. Cosmic quote that sums up story’s focus (1 paragraph)
the past,” she said, “their silence has been our inspiration to speak up and stand for
5. Background (1 paragraph)
them.”
6. Explication of lead, including facts, quotes, anecdotes, and other evidence that
support the story’s focus.
Depth News
A sidebar to a story explores an idea that, while interesting, fails to fit into the main story
Depth news is a king of news-feature that contains, aside from the essential facts attendant to a
because it remains tangential to the focus. Sidebars engage readers by giving more
news story, background, interpretation, and analyses.
information if they want it, helping to draw them into the issues of the main story.
 
It is not a news story in the traditional sense since it is not based on a timely event that answers
Hourglass Style – a style of writing in which the major news of a story is reported in the first few
the 5 W’s and the H.  However, the emphasis is on the elaboration of one W, the why.
paragraphs and then a transitional paragraph introduces a chronology of the events of the story.
 
A depth report should be distinguished from depth treatment.   The former is the result of
investigative reporting, which, as had been explained, is reporting in depth to present information
on a topic beyond surface facts and interpretative reporting which is reporting the meaning or the
possible meaning of those facts.