You answered the question incorrectly.

Match the type of automated chemistry analyzer on the left with its definition on the
right:

Your answers are on the left. The correct answers are on the right and highlighted.

Specimens can be analyzed out of sequence Random access

All specimens analyzed at the same time Parallel
Each specimen may be subjected to multiple analyses Multi-channel
Each specimen has its own space Discrete

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Discrete = Each specimen has its own space

Random Access = Specimens can be analyzed out of sequence

Parallel = All specimens analyzed at the same time

Multi-channel = Each specimen may be subjected to multiple analyses

You answered the question correctly.

The gradual deterioration of an instrument's light source would most likely be

reflected in the quality control results as:

The correct answer is highlighted below

Drift
Shift
Random errors
Bias 1-2 SD on either side of the mean

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Drift is the slow progressive change in control values over time.

  You answered the question correctly.

Given the following scenario, calculate the equipment cost per test performed:

A new chemistry analyzer costs $108,000.00 and will be expected to run specimens
for 6 years in the clinical laboratory. The maintenance costs are approximately
$1000.00 per year on this analyzer. The hospital laboratory expects to perform
approximately 1200 test per month on this analyzer. What is the equipment cost for
each test performed during the 6 year period?

The correct answer is highlighted below

$2.69
$0.39
$1.89
$1.32

Feedback4

The correct answer is $1.32 since:

The operating costs of the instrument over six years = $114,000 (analyzer cost +
maintenance fees)

Amount of tests run in 6 years = 1200 test per month x 12 months x 6 years = 86,400

So...$114,000 / 86,400 tests = $1.32 (equipment cost per test)

  You answered the question correctly.

Identify whether the underlined phrase is the dependent or independent variable.

The data showed that the more hours a student studied before the test, the higher the
score he or she was likely to get.

The correct answer is highlighted below

Independent
Dependent

Feedback2

In this case, the score is the dependent variable. The dependent variable is often the
quantity you want to measure; it the result of the experiment or test.
The hours a student studied is the independent variable in this case. It is the quantity
that is directly controlled by the observer or experimenter.
  You answered the question correctly.

Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be maintained and be available to

employees in the:

The correct answer is highlighted below

 Housekeeping Department
Nursing Office
Personnel Department
Workplace area
Safety Cabinet

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Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be maintained and be available to

employees in the workplace area. The MSDS system provides clinical laboratory
personnel with procedures for handling or working with various chemicals and
substances in a safe manner. MSDSs includes information such as physical data (such
as boiling points.), toxicity, health effects, first aid, reactivity, storage, disposal,
protective equipment, and spill-handling procedures. MSDS binders are required for
all clinical laboratories and must be easily retrievable for laboratorians to use when
needed.

  You answered the question correctly.

Which of the following procedures would you employ to monitor the precision of an
assay:

The correct answer is highlighted below

Run assayed controls

Run blinded samples
Run by alternative method
Run samples in duplicate

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Precision is a measure of reproducibility of a test when it is repeated several times

under the same conditions. It could be monitored by running samples in duplicate or
triplicate.

  You answered the question incorrectly.

A technologist performed a STAT spinal fluid count by pipetting undiluted spinal

fluid in a Neubauer Counting Chamber and counting both sides of the chamber (4
large WBC squares on each side). A total of 54 White Cells were counted. How many
White Cells would there be per cubic millimeter?

The correct answer is highlighted below

 3.80
67.5
13.5
300
540

Feedback2

First, determine the number of WBC's from the hemacytometer as follows:

WBC/µL= Avg # cells counted

(# squares counted x 0.1/µL)

WBC = 54 / (8 squares x 0.1) = 67.5

Since 1 uL = 1 cubic millimeter, then the answer is 67.5

*Note in this question both sides were counted without separate values given for the
average to be obtained, therefore substitute the total cell count in the numerator with
the total squares counted in the denominator

  You answered the question correctly.

Which infection control measure should be used by a healthcare worker who will be
collecting a blood specimen from a TB patient?

The correct answer is highlighted below

administrative controls
environmental controls
respiratory protection controls

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Respiratory protection controls are used for situations with a high risk of exposure.

  You answered the question correctly.

A laboratory manager wants to evaluate the timeliness of patient services in order to

prevent medical errors caused by delay in treatment. Measuring the turnaround time
for which of these analytes would provide the most valuable information?

The correct answer is highlighted below

 Routine glucose tests from patients on medical floors
Lipid panels from the outpatient clinic
Troponin tests from the emergency department

Feedback3

Measuring the turnaround times of troponin tests from the emergency department
would provide valuable information. This data represents circumstances in which
patient safety may be compromised if results are delayed and treatment is not started
as soon as possible.

  You answered the question incorrectly.

Which of the following recommendations would you give to someone to prevent

musculoskeletal disorders whose job involves sitting most of the day ?

The correct answer is highlighted below

Occasionally sit back and put your feet up on the desk.

Use a chair that will allow you to dangle your feet.
Take breaks about every 20 minutes to stand up and walk around.
Slouch forward in your chair.

Feedback3

Sitting is not a natural position for the body. Muscles will tire if you sit for long
periods of time. Take breaks about every 20 minutes to stand up and walk around.

  You answered the question correctly.

Thin-layer chromatography is particularly useful as a tool in the identification of:

The correct answer is highlighted below

Steroids
Enzymes
Drugs
Hormones

Feedback3
Thin-layer chromatography has the advantage of being able to test for a large number
of drugs at the same time.

  You answered the question correctly.

What is the maximum concentration of a chemical allowable for repeated exposure

without producing adverse health effects called?

The correct answer is highlighted below

Threshold limit value

Threshold time limit
Time limit value
Short term limit

Feedback1

A threshold limit value is the maximum concentration of a chemical allowable for

repeated exposure without producing adverse health effects.

  You answered the question correctly.

Identify the phase of the total testing process in which each of these errors occurs.

Your answers are on the left. The correct answers are on the right and highlighted.

Postanalytic Incorrectly handled critical test value

Preanalytic Wrong test ordered
Analytic Incorrectly performed instrument calibration
Preanalytic Incorrecly collected sample
Preanalytic Incorrectly performed venipuncture

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Preanalytic- Incorrecly collected sample, wrong test ordered, incorrectly performed

venipuncture

Analytic- Incorrectly performed instrument calibration

Postanalytic- Incorrectly handled critical test value

  You answered the question incorrectly.

Which of the following is a routine staining technique used in the clinical laboratory:

The correct answer is highlighted below

 Wright
Gram
Romanowsky
All of the above

Feedback4

Wright, Gram, and Romanowsky stains are all commonly used in various areas of the
clinical laboratory.

  You answered the question correctly.

Spectrophotometric absorbance is related to % transmittance in what way:

The correct answer is highlighted below

Inversely and arithmetically

Inversely and logarithmically
Directly and arithmetically
Directly and logarithmically

Feedbackw2

Absorbance is the inverse log of transmitted light.

  You answered the question correctly.

Heparin interacts with _____________, which subsequently inhibits thrombin.

The correct answer is highlighted below

red blood cells

white blood cells
antithrombin III
Protein C
platelets

Feedback3
Antithrombin serves as a coagulation inhibitor. When it binds with heparin,
coagulation inhibition is made much stronger. This interaction is the reason why
heparins are utilized as medications to produce anticoagulation (prevent coagulation).

 You answered the question correctly.

In order to make a 1:10 dilution with 500 microliters of serum, the technologist would
have to use how much saline?

The correct answer is highlighted below

0.0045 mL
0.045 mL
0.45 mL
4.5 mL
49.5 mL

Feedback4

500 microliters of serum is equal to 0.5mL.  Therfore, to make a 1:10 dilution with
0.5mL of serum, 4.5mL of saline must be added.  0.5mL = 1 part, so 9 parts of saline
needed = 4.5 m

  You answered the question correctly.

What does the color RED on the NFPA diamond represent:

The correct answer is highlighted below

 A health hazard
A fire hazard
A reactivity hazard
A special section

Feedback2

Red = Fire hazard Yellow = Reactivity hazard Blue = Health hazard White = Specific
hazard

L of saline to create a total of 10 parts in the solution.

  You answered the question correctly.

In absorption spectrophotometry:

The correct answer is highlighted below

Absorbance is directly proportional to percent transmittance

Percent transmittance is directly proportional to concentration
Percent transmittance is directly proportional to the light path length
Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration

Feedback4

In absorbance spectrophotometry, an instrument measures the amount of light

transmitted through a solution. Because different physiological compounds absorb
light at different wavelengths, a spectrophotometer can be used to distinguish
compounds by analyzing the pattern of wavelengths absorbed by a given sample.
Also, the amount of light absorbed in absorbance spectrophotometry is directly
proportional to the concentration of absorbing compounds in that sample, so a
spectrophotometer can also be used to determine concentrations of compounds in
solution.

  You answered the question correctly.

An osmometer can use any of the following principles except:

The correct answer is highlighted below

 Freezing point depression
Vapor pressure
Colloid osmotic pressure
Electrostatic charge

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The most common type of osmometer uses freezing point depression. It is also known
as a cryoscope. Other types of osmometers can use either vapor pressure, or colloid
osmotic pressure.

  You answered the question correctly.

Which of the following infectious agents represent the greatest risk to the laboratory
worker:

The correct answer is highlighted below

AIDS
Meningitis
Hepatitis
Influenza

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While AIDS is a more serious health threat, hepatitis is far more prevalent, and
therefore represents a greater overall risk.

  You answered the question correctly.

Which of the following forms of microscopy is not commonly used in the clinical
laboratory:

The correct answer is highlighted below

Darkfield microscopy
Brightfield microscopy
X-Ray microscopy
Flourescence microscopy

Feedback
Brightfield microscopy is, of course, the most common form of microscopy in the
clinical laboratory; darkfield and flourescence microscopy are also used for specific
applications.

  You answered the question incorrectly.

In DNA sequencing, multiple fluorescence labeled nucleotides are separated using

capillary electrophoresis.

The correct answer is highlighted below

True
False

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Capillary electrophoresis is used in DNA sequencing and several other molecular

diagnostic procedures.

  You answered the question correctly.

The quality of a test to show a positive result in the presence of the disease it was
designed to detect is known as:

The correct answer is highlighted below

specificity
sensitivity
precision

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Sensitivity is the degree to which a laboratory test can correctly identify the presence
of a disease in a person who actually has it.

The accuracy of a test is its ability to discriminate between the positives and the
negatives. Two parameters of test accuracy are specificity and sensitivity.

 .A test with high sensitivity accurately identifies the presence of disease; it

has few false-negatives.
 A test with high specificity accurately detects the absence of disease; it has
few false-positives
   You answered the question correctly.
 Which of the following statements about hepatitis C virus (HCV) are true?
 The correct answers are highlighted below
 There is no vaccination against infection with HCV.
The primary route of infection with HCV is airborne transmission.
Patients infected with HCV will always have observable symptoms.
The majority of individuals who are infected with HCV and develop antibodies
in their serum (seroconvert) will develop a chronic infection and active liver
disease.

 Feedback
 There is currently no vaccine that will protect against HCV infection.
 Approximately 75 to 85% of individuals who are infected with Hepatitis C and
seroconvert develop a chronic form of the disease and about 70% of the
chronically-infected individuals will develop active liver disease.
 HCV is primarily transmitted through blood and body fluids.
 Individuals who are chronically infected with hepatitis C may have no
symptoms for many years.
   You answered the question correctly.
 What is ergonomics?
 The correct answer is highlighted below

The study of human capabilities in relation to work demands.

The science of human measurement.
The study of muscular activity.
None of the above.

 Feedback
 Ergonomics is a scientific discipline that studies human capabilites in relation
to work demands.
 Physicial ergonomics is the body's responses to physical and physiological
demands.
   You answered the question correctly.
 What are fires called that involve combustible materials such as paper, wood,
or cloth?
 The correct answer is highlighted below

Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D

 Feedback
 Class A fires include ordinary combustible materials. These are the MOST
common type of fire and are designated Class A. These occur when a solid,
organic material such as paper, wood, cloth, rubber, or some plastics become
heated to their ignition point.
   You answered the question correctly.
 As defined by a Gaussian distribution curve, what percentage of values would
be expected to fall within two standard deviations of the mean:
 The correct answer is highlighted below

75%
85%
95%
100%

 Feedback
 1 SD = 68.3%, 2 SD = 95.5%, 3 SD = 99.7

   You answered the question incorrectly.
 According to the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, when should work
surfaces in the laboratory be decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant?
(Choose all that apply)
 The correct answers are highlighted below

If blood or other potentially infectious material has spilled on the work surface
Once a day if noticeably contaminated
Upon completion of procedures or the end of the work shift
At least once a week

 Feedback
 The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard states that work surfaces must be
decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant when surfaces are noticeably
contaminated or after any spill of blood or other potentially infectious
materials, and after completion of procedures or at the end of the work shift.

   You answered the question correctly.
 Within what period of time after performance of the tuberculin skin test (TST)
should the result be read?
 The correct answer is highlighted below

Immediately
12-24 hours
 48-72 hours
5-7 days

 Feedback
 The result is read 48 - 72 hours after performance of the TST.
   You answered the question correctly.
 The positive square root of the variance of a set of values is called:
 The correct answer is highlighted below

Median value
Mean value
Standard deviation
Coefficient of variation

 Feedback
 The standard deviation measures the spread of the data about the mean value.
It is useful in comparing sets of data which may have the same mean but a
different range. The standard deviation is calculated by taking the positive
square root of the variance of a set of values.

   You answered the question correctly.

 A procedure involves the manipulation of a corrosive chemical that produces
vapors. What would be the best practice for performing the procedure?
 The correct answer is highlighted below

Conduct the procedure using the chemical fume hood and appropriate personal
protective equipment.
Put on gloves and safety goggles and conduct the procedure on the technical
workbench.
Put on gloves, safety goggles, and a laboratory apron, and conduct the procedure
on the technical workbench.

 Feedback
 The best practice would be to conduct the procedure in the chemical fume
hood so that the vapors are drawn away from your face. All appropriate
personal protective equipment must be used as well.
   You answered the question incorrectly.
 Which choice best describes the proper lifting procedure when lifting a heavy
item that will help to prevent back injuries?
 The correct answer is highlighted below
 Jerk the item up quickly to get to a full standing position.
Keep your legs straight while lifting the item.
Keep the item close to the body, bend the knees, and lift with the legs.
Stand next to the item to be lifted, grasp it by its sides, and swing it around in
front of you.

 Feedback
 To pick up the item, secure it firmly in your hands, keep the item close to the
body, bend your knees, keeping your back in its natural arched position, and
lift with your legs; leg muscles have more power than the smaller muscles in
the back. The object to be lifted should be directly in front of you. Lift it
straight up, using a smooth motion. Avoid asymmetric lifting (twisting while
lifting).

  You answered the question correctly.

Westgard multi-rule assessments are DIRECTLY applied to evaluate what?

The correct answer is highlighted below

Patient sample results

Quality control results
Standard deviations
Quality assurance systems

Feedback

Westgard rules are exclusively used for evaluating quality control results.

Question Difficulty: Level 5

 

  

  You answered the question incorrectly.

What section of the MSDS would provide information about whether a chemical is
carcinogenic?
The correct answer is highlighted below

Physical and chemical data

Health hazard data
Reactivity data
Handling and storage data

Feedback

According to OSHA, carcinogens are agents that can cause cancer. In industry, there
are many potential exposures to carcinogens. Generally, workplace exposures are
considered to be at higher levels than for public exposures. Material safety data sheets
(MSDSs) should always contain an indication of carcinogenic potential and this
information will be located in the health hazard data section.

Question Difficulty: Level 4