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Connection Devices: Routing Switches

Connection devices like hubs, switches, routers, gateways, repeaters and bridges work to connect local area networks (LANs) and allow communication within the limits of cable length and device connectivity. Hubs broadcast all data to all ports but are less efficient than switches which can selectively send data to specific ports. Routers connect multiple networks and provide alternate pathways. Gateways connect LANs to outside networks like the internet. Repeaters and bridges extend coverage areas and join separate LANs, with bridges providing additional security between networks. Network interface cards physically connect devices to the network infrastructure.

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Saad Kashif
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40 views2 pages

Connection Devices: Routing Switches

Connection devices like hubs, switches, routers, gateways, repeaters and bridges work to connect local area networks (LANs) and allow communication within the limits of cable length and device connectivity. Hubs broadcast all data to all ports but are less efficient than switches which can selectively send data to specific ports. Routers connect multiple networks and provide alternate pathways. Gateways connect LANs to outside networks like the internet. Repeaters and bridges extend coverage areas and join separate LANs, with bridges providing additional security between networks. Network interface cards physically connect devices to the network infrastructure.

Uploaded by

Saad Kashif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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http://www.hsc.csu.edu.

au/ipt
Connection Devices
 Connection devices work with the links (cable or wireless/ non cable. LANs have
physical limitations.
 There are limits on how many workstations a LAN can efficiently support (this
restriction is related to the speed of the server, available RAM and storage
capacity.
 There is also a limit to how far LAN cable can extend (100 metres). These
problems can be curtailed by using the correct connection devices.

1. Hubs: Traditionally a hub is one of the most critical devices for a LAN because it was
normally the point of central connection of all shared devices, however they are
largely being superseded by switches. A typical LAN will have multiple ports to which
devices will connect. A hub will not be intelligent. In other words any packet received
will be sent to all connected devices but only the device which it is addressed to will
answer. Because of its lack of ability to address packets for the intended computer a
hub will not be as efficient as other devices.
2. Switches: Are similar to routers but will also amplify the signal like a repeater. Most
switches are normally thought of as being a device which filters and forwards
segments within LAN segments. These swictes worked on the layer 2 of the OSI
model. Layer 2 is the data layer. This meant that switches could not transfer data
between networks because they did not have access to the protocols. The new
switches are also refrred to as routing switches and work at OSI layer 3 which is the
network layer and can actually perform the same functions as a router. (Microsoft:
networking Essentials Plus, 3rd edition pages 312-316 ATM switches), (webopedia:
routing switches )
3. Routers : Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks
connect. Routers also have the added intelligence of providing an alternate path to a
node. Unlike hubs, routers are intelligent devices which rout packets of data directly
to the intended computer. A large network may have 25 LANs with large numbers of
users on each of them and may support 500 or thousands of users. If we were
depending on hubs relaying every message out to every computer and waiting for
the correct computer to accept the message the network would collapse with only
minimal amount of traffic ever able to use it. That is why routers are critical.
4. Gateways: A gateway connects a LAN to the internet and external traffic. It may be
a router with a hardware configured firewall or a server may act as a gateway.
5. Repeaters: amplify the signal when a LAN is spread over a larger area than normal.
6. Bridges: Join two or more LANS. They are similar to routers but can only make
binary decision dependent on information stored in its IP Address table. A bridge will
not allow traffic to pass unless it is addressed to one of the addresses in that table.
Because of this bridges can be used as a security device to stop traffic between
different parts of a LAN.
7. Network Interface Card : The network interface card (NIC) allows computers to
connect through an ethernet. An ethernet cable will connect to the NIC and then
directly to another computer in a P2P connection or to a router, hub, switch etc...
http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/ipt

Network Security
Network security is critically important for the successful employment of a network.
Several critical measures must be undertaken to ensure the safe and secure
administration of a network:
1. Network users must be authenticated by a login
2. Giving adequate levels of access rights. This means restricting access to some things
but ensuring that people who require access have access so that other people's
logins are not used to gain access.
3. The use of firewalls and antivirus software
4. The network must be adequately backed up to ensure the safety of data stored

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