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Chapter 8: Electromagnetism Notes

This document summarizes key concepts in electromagnetism and electricity. It explains the right-hand grip rule for determining the direction of magnetic fields. It also describes Fleming's left-hand rule and right-hand rule for determining the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Factors that influence the magnitude of electromagnetic force and induced current are outlined. The differences between direct and alternating current are briefly mentioned along with the basic theory and design of transformers.

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Lim Jing
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129 views

Chapter 8: Electromagnetism Notes

This document summarizes key concepts in electromagnetism and electricity. It explains the right-hand grip rule for determining the direction of magnetic fields. It also describes Fleming's left-hand rule and right-hand rule for determining the direction of force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field. Factors that influence the magnitude of electromagnetic force and induced current are outlined. The differences between direct and alternating current are briefly mentioned along with the basic theory and design of transformers.

Uploaded by

Lim Jing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 8: Electromagnetism Notes

Right-Hand Grip Rule


• Straight wire
• Circular coil
• Solenoid

Electromagnet
• Current
• Turns of coil
• Core
• Applications: relay, electric bell, telephone earpiece, crane, monorail

Fleming’s Left-Hand Rule [electricity + magnetism = force]


• Force (F), Magnetic field (B), Current (I)
• Theory: catapult field
• Factors affecting force produced:
o magnetic field strength
▪ strength of magnet
▪ number of magnets
▪ distance between magnets
o current (resistance)
▪ emf of power supply
▪ length of conductor
▪ thickness of conductor
o length of conductor in magnetic field
• Applications: moving-coil ammeter, d.c. motor

Fleming’s Right-Hand Rule [force + magnetism = electricity] [electromagnetic induction]


• FBI same as LHR
• Theory:
o Faraday’s Law – magnitude of induced emf is directly proportional to the rate at which
the magnet cuts through the magnetic field lines
o Lenz’s Law – direction of induced current acts to oppose the change which is causing it
• *Factors affecting current produced*:
o rate of movement of magnet
o magnetic field strength (same as above)
o number of turns in solenoid
• Applications: d.c. generator (commutator), a.c. generator (slip ring)

Direct current vs alternating current


• Root mean square
• Differences: flow direction, power loss through cable transmission, etc.

Transformer
• Theory: electromagnetic induction, only a.c. can be used
• Ways to improve efficiency:
o Use thicker copper wires – reduce resistance, reduce heat loss
o Use soft iron core – easily magnetised and demagnetised
o Core made from thin soft-iron sheets laminated tgt – reduce Eddy currents
o Coils wounded closer to each other – reduce magnetic flux leakage

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