SOLID GEOMETRY & MENSURATION

Solids:
Anything that occupies space is called a solid. It has three dimensions namely length, breadth or width, and
thickness or height. A solid figure always has some amount of space enclosed in it which is called its volume.

Parallelepiped: A parallelepiped is a solid bounded by three pairs of parallel

plane faces. Each of the six faces of a parallelepiped is a parallelogram.

Types of Solid:

1. Cube: A cube is a parallelepiped all of whose faces are squares.

Body E F
 Total Surface Area = 6 s2 Diagonal

 Volume = s2 A B

 Base Diagonal = 2s
l H
l G
 Body Diagonal = 3s
Base
D l C Diagonal

2. Cuboid: A parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular is called a cuboid. The three dimensions
associated with a cuboid are its length, breadth and height (denoted as l, b and h here.)
E F
 Total Surface Area = 2[l b + bh + h l]
A B
 Volume = l bh
h H
b G
 Base Diagonal = 2
+ b2
D l C
 Body Diagonal = 2
+ b2 + h2F

r
3. Cylinder: A cylinder is a solid with two congruent circles joined by a curved surface. O A

 Total Surface Area = 2r (r + h)

h
 Curved Surface Area = 2rh
O
 Volume = r2h r

4. Cone: A circular cone has a circular base, which is connected by a curved surface to
O
its vertex. A cone is called a right circular cone, if the line from the vertex of the cone
to the center of its base is perpendicular to the base.

 Total Surface Area = r (r + l)

h l
 Curved Surface Area = r l

1 2 A B
 Volume = r h r
3

1
  Slant Height (l) = r 2 + h2

5. Sphere: A sphere is a solid in which any point on the surface of sphere is

equidistant from the center of the sphere.

 Surface Area = 4r2 r

O A
4 3
 Volume = r
3
4
 Volume of Hollow sphere:  (R3 - r3)
3

6. Hemisphere: When a plane through the center of a sphere cuts it into two
equal parts, then each part is called a hemisphere. O r A
2
 Total Surface Area = 3r

 Curved Surface Area = 2r2

2 3
 Volume = r
3

Example: A cuboid is 20 m × 10 m × 8 m. Find the length of diagonal, surface area and volume.
Solution: In a cuboid,
2
Diagonal d = + b2 + h2 = 202 + 102 + 82 = 23.75 m
Surface area S = (lb + bh + hl)

= 2 (20 × 10 + 10 × 8 + 8 × 20) = 880 m2

Volume = l × b × h = 20 × 10 × 8 = 1600 m3.

Example: The surface area of a cube is 726 sq metres. Find the volume of the cube.
Solution: Surface area S = 726 m2, Volume V = ?
3
 S
V= 
 6 
 
3
 726 
 
3
V=  = (11)3 = 1313 m3.
 6 
= 121
 

Example: The internal measurements of a box with lid are 115 × 75 × 35 cm3 and the wood of which it is made is
2.5 cm thick. Find the volume of wood.
Solution: Internal Volume = 115 × 75 × 35 = 3,01,875 cm3
External Volume = (115 + 2 × 2.5) × (75 + 2 × 2.5) × (35 + 2 × 2.5)
= 120 × 80 × 40 = 3,84,000 cm3
Volume of wood = External Volume – Internal Volume = 82,125 cm3.

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 NB: Capacity of Box = Internal Volume

Example: The radius of a wheel is 42 cm. How many revolutions will it make in going 26.4 km?
22
Solution: Distance travelled in one revolution = Circumference of the wheel = 2r = 2 × × 42 cm = 264 cm
7
26.4 × 1000 × 100
No. of revolutions required to travel 26.4 km = = 10000
264

Example: Find the weight of a lead pipe 35 cm. long. The external diameter of the pipe is 2.4 cm and thickness
of the pipe is 2 mm, given 1 cm3 of lead weighs = 10 gm.
Solution: Given: External radius R = 1.2 cm.
Internal radius r = 1 cm [Since internal radius = external radius – thickness]
height h = 35 cm
22
 Volume of the pipe = h [R2 – r2] = × 35 × [(1.2)2 – 12] = 48.4 cm3
7
 Weight of 48.4 cm3 of lead = 10 × 48.4 = 484 gm.

Example: A girl fills a cylindrical bucket 32 cm. in height and 18 m. in radius with sand. She empties the bucket
on the ground and makes a conical heap of the sand. If the height of the conical heap is 24 cm, find: (i)
its radius (ii) its slant height.
Solution: Height of cylindrical bucket, H = 32 cm.
Radius of cylindrical bucket, R = 18 cm.
 22 
Volume of sand = R2H =  × 18 × 18 × 32  cm3
 7 

(i) Height of conical heap, h = 24 cm.

Let the radius of the conical heap be r cm.
1 1 22 
Then, volume of conical heap = R2H =  × × r 2 × 24  cm3
3 3 7 

Now, volume of conical heap = Volume of sand

1 22   22 
  × × r 2 × 24  =  × 18 × 18 × 32 
3 7   7 
 18 × 18 × 32 × 3 
 r2 =   = (18 × 18 × 4)
 24 

r= 18 × 18 × 4 = (18 × 2) cm = 36 cm

 Radius of the heap = 36 cm.

(ii) Slant height,

l= h2 + r 2 = (24)2 + (36)2 = 1872 = 12 13 cm

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Example: By melting a solid cylindrical metal, a few conical materials are to be made. If three times the radius of
the cone is equal to twice the radius of the cylinder and the ratio of the height of the cylinder and the
height of the cone is 4 : 3, find the number of cones which can be made.
Solution: Let R be the radius and H be the height of the cylinder and let r and h be the radius and height of the
cone respectively.
Then, 3r = 2R and H : h = 4 : 3 ….(1)
H 4
 =  3H = 4h ….(2)
h 3

Let n be the required number of cones which can be made from the materials of the cylinder. Then, the
volume of the cylinder will be equal to the sum of the volumes of n cones.
n 2
Hence, we have R2h = r h  3R2h = nr2h
3

9r 2 4h
2 3 × ×
3R H 4 3 3r 4h
n= = [ From (1) and (2), R = and H = ]
2
r h r 2h 2 3
3 × 9 × 4
n= = 9.
3 × 4

Hence, the required number of cones is 9.

Exercise

1. The volume of a cube with surface area 384 cm2 is:

a] 216 cm3 b] 256 cm3 c] 484 cm3 d] 512 cm3 e] None of these

2. A large cube is formed by the melting of three smaller cubes of 3, 4 and 5 cms side. The ratio of surface
area of all the smaller cubes to larger cube is
a] 18 : 25 b] 9 : 4 c] 25 : 18 d] 27 : 64 e] 27 : 8

3. The length of the longest rod that can fit in a cubical vessel of side 10 cm, is:
a] 10 cm b] 10 2 cm c] 10 3 cm d] 20 cm e] None of these

4. A rectangle sand box is 5 m wide and 2 m long. How many cubic metres of sand are needed to fill the box
up to depth of 10 cm?
a] 1 b] 10 c] 100 d] 1000 e] None of these

5. If the length, breadth and height of a rectangular parallelepiped are in the ratio 6 : 5 : 4 and if the total
surface area is 33300 sq. cm, then the length, breadth and the height of the parallelepiped (in cm)
respectively are:
a] 90, 85, 60 b] 85, 75, 60 c] 90, 75, 70 d] 90, 75, 60 e] None of these

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6. A wooden box of dimensions 8 m × 7 m × 6 m is to carry rectangular boxes of dimensions 8 cm × 7 cm × 6
cm. The maximum number of boxes that can be carried in the wooden box is:
a] 9800000 b] 7500000 c] 1000000 d] 1200000 e] None of these

7. The curved surface of a right circular cone of height 15 cm and base diameter 5 cm is:
a] 60 cm2 b] 68 cm2 c] 120  cm2 d] 136 cm2 e] None of these

8. Two circular cylinders of equal volume have their height in the ratio of 1 : 2. The ratio of their radii is
a] 1 : 2 b] 2 :1 c] 1 : 4 d] 2 : 1 e] 4 : 1

9. What is the total surface area of a right circular cone of height 14 cm and base radius 7 cm?
a] 344.35 cm2 b] 462 cm2 c] 498.35 cm2 d] None of these e] Data
insufficient

10. The volume of a sphere is 4851 cu. Cm. Its curved surface area is
a] 1386 cm2 b] 1625 cm2 c] 1716 cm2 d] 3087 cm2 e] None of these

1 3
11. The diameter of a sphere whose volume is 113 m is
7
1
a] 6 m b] 12 m c] 3 cm d] 7 m e] m
7

12. The total surface area of a solid hemisphere of diameter 14 cm, is:
a] 308 cm2 b] 462 cm2 c] 1232 cm2 d] 1848 cm2 e] None of these

13. The radius of a sphere is increased 50%. The increase in the surface area of sphere is
a] 100% b] 125% c] 150% d] 200% e] None of these

14. The height and the radius of the base of a cone each are increased by 100%. The volume of the cone then
increase by
a] 8 times b] 6 times c] 4 times d] 3 times e] 10 times