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(M5S3-POWERPOINT) Maxima-Minima and Time Rates

This document discusses solving problems involving maxima, minima, and time rates using differentiation. It outlines the steps to solve maxima and minima problems and provides examples. It also outlines the steps to solve time rate problems and provides examples. The document aims to teach students how to apply differentiation to solve real-world optimization and rate of change problems.

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JOSHUA MEYER ANGELES
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189 views40 pages

(M5S3-POWERPOINT) Maxima-Minima and Time Rates

This document discusses solving problems involving maxima, minima, and time rates using differentiation. It outlines the steps to solve maxima and minima problems and provides examples. It also outlines the steps to solve time rate problems and provides examples. The document aims to teach students how to apply differentiation to solve real-world optimization and rate of change problems.

Uploaded by

JOSHUA MEYER ANGELES
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integration 1

Module 5
SUB-TOPIC 3
TOPIC 3 – Maxima-Minima
and Time Rates
• Solve maxima/minima and time rates problem
applying fundamental knowledge and techniques in
differentiation
If a function f is defined on an interval I, then:
If a function f is defined on an interval I, then:
If a function f is defined on an interval I, then:
The following are the steps ins solving problems involving maxima and minima:

NOTE: In step 5, the formulas in finding derivatives will become very useful so familiarization
of all the formula in Sub-topic 1 is necessary.
EXAMPLE 1:
EXAMPLE 2:
EXAMPLE 3: A gutter having a triangular cross-section is to be made by bending a strip of
tin in the middle. Find the angle between the sides when the carrying capacity is to a
maximum.
EXAMPLE 4: A cylinder is inscribed in a given sphere. Find the shape of the cylinder if its
convex surface area is a maximum.
Another type of problems involving the use of derivatives are the Time Rates problems.
In solving a problem under time rates, the following steps are to be considered:

NOTE: Substitute the given values only after differentiating


EXAMPLE 5: Water is pouring into a swimming pool. After t hours, there are t +sqrt(t) gallons
in the pool. At what rate is the water pouring into the pool when t=9 hours?
EXAMPLE 6: A ship, moving 8 mi/hr., sails north for 30 min, then turns east. If a searchlight
at the point of departure follows the ship, how fast is the light rotating 2 hr. after the start.
EXAMPLE 7: A rectangular trough is 10 ft. long and 3 ft. wide. Find how fast the surface
rises, if water flows in at the rate of 12 ft3/min.
EXAMPLE 8: What number exceeds its square by the maximum amount?
EXAMPLE 9: What positive number added to its reciprocal gives the minimum sum?
EXAMPLE 10: The sum of two numbers is k. Find the minimum value of the sum of their
squares.
EXAMPLE 11: What should be the shape of a rectangular field of a given area, if it is to be
enclosed by the least amount of fencing?
EXAMPLE 12: A rectangular field of given area is to be fenced off along the bank of a river. If
no fence is needed along the river, what is the shape of the rectangle requiring the least
amount of fencing?
EXAMPLE 13: A triangle has variable sides x, y, z subject to the constraint such that the
perimeter is fixed to 18 cm. What is the maximum possible area for the triangle?
EXAMPLE 14: A fencing is limited to 20 ft. length. What is the maximum rectangular area
that can be fenced in using two perpendicular corner sides of an existing wall?
EXAMPLE 15: Find the rectangle of maximum perimeter inscribed in a given circle.
EXAMPLE 16: Find the most economical proportions for a covered box of fixed volume
whose base is a rectangle with one side three times as long as the other.
EXAMPLE 17: A balloon is released from the ground 100 meters from an observer. The
balloon rises directly upward at the rate of 4meters per second. How fast is the balloon
receding from the observer 10 seconds later?
EXAMPLE 18: Car A moves due East at 30 kph at the same instant car B is moving S 300 E,
with a speed of 60 kph. The distance from A to B is 30 km. Find how fast is the distance
between them separating after one hour.
EXAMPLE 19: Find the minimum distance from the point (4,2) to the parabola y2=8x.
EXAMPLE 20: A norman window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by a semi-circle.
What is the ratio of the width of the rectangle to the total height so that it will yield a window
admitting the most light for a given perimeter?
DO YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS?
SEE YOU NEXT MEETING!

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