Vedic

Mathematics
10/3/2017

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 Contents

INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1 some basic formulas......................................................................................................3
1.1 Multiplication by 11...............................................................................................................3
1.2 squaring any number ending in 5.........................................................................................4
1.3 multiplication of any numbers whose last digit add upto 10 and the first digit are same.....5
1.4 squaring number ending in 1.................................................................................................5
1.5 multiplication of any two digit number by 99........................................................................6
1.6 doubling and multiplication by 4, 8 ,16, etc...........................................................................6
1.7 some basic tips for adding or summing a group of numbers.................................................7
1.8 multiplication by 5.................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2 multiplication.................................................................................................................8
2.1 base method..........................................................................................................................8
2.2 general method of multiplication........................................................................................10

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 INTRODUCTION

Vedic mathematics is the ancient mathematics practiced in the ancient India. It has 16
sutras capable of performing any calculation in your head. The rules are simple and clear
and any mathematical calculation including the simple to the compound equation are solved
within one or two lines.
In this document we will be discussing about the various formulas, tricks and procedure to
perform mathematical calculation in your head. The Vedic method are faster than the
normal mathematical procedure. For example:
If you have to multiply say two digits and two digits
Let say the numbers are 15*15. Then the normal method would be:

But in case of vedic mathematics we get the direct answer as:

It’s a one-line answer even though it looks a three line answer i.e we can answer the above
multiplication in the one line. I have expanded it so that it will be clear to you. We will
discuss about it later in this course. Similarly, if you have to multiply any number by 11, then
we can perform it using a simple yet powerful trick of Vedic mathematics. Let see about it:
Let the number be two digits say 44 then 44*11 from the regular method of multiplication
would be,

The second one is from the Vedic method and it’s a direct answer. The middle portion of the number
is obtained directly by adding the first and second digit i.e I add 4 with 4 to get 8 and I plug it in the
middle of 44 to get 484. We will discuss these methods in later portion of the course. Here we see
the insight of the Vedic method that how its differs from the other normal method of mathematics.

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 CHAPTER 1 SOME BASIC FORMULAS

1.1 MULTIPLICATION BY 11

In the previous page we talk about some of the examples of the vedica method in which we
discuss about the multiplication of any number by 11. Here we will discuss it in detail with
variety of examples. As you know while multiplying two-digit number by 11 we get the
middle number just by adding the first digit and second digit. For example:
In order to multiply 23 with 11 i.e 23x11 the middle portion is 2+3=5. So the answer would
be 253. It’s a straight forward answer. Now we shall list the procedure to followed while
multiplying two digits number by 11 as:
1. Add the first digit and second digit of the number to get the middle number.
2. Then simple put the middle number in between the two number to get the final
result.
3. Sometimes, while adding the two digits to get the middle number , it may exceed
ten. In that case you just need to carry the number to the left of the number and add
to get the final results.
As an example, let see the following:

These three examples are sufficient for you to understand the multiplication of any two digit
number by 11. However, the same rules can be applied to higher digits. For example:
Let say the number is 263. So 263x11 would be 2893. The same rules is applied here. The
number 8 and 9 came by adding 2 and 6 and 6 and 3 respectively. Similarly, for four digit
number let say 2421 the rules are still the same and the answer is 26631. Hence this
conclude the multiplication of any number by 11.
Practice the following problems for more understanding:
98x11= 69*11= 5*11=

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85647*11= 9875642321*11=

1.2 SQUARING ANY NUMBER ENDING IN 5

By saying the number ending in 5 i.e 25,135, 165, 1875, etc. for this vedic method provide us
an easy way of doing the multiplication. Let us see some of the example first:
15*15=225
25*25=625
35*35=1225
45*45=2025
Now then let us see the procedure:
1) When the number ending in 5 is square its last two number will always be 25. So
write down the number 25 at the last without thinking.

2) Then to get the first digit see the first digit of the number 15 i.e 1. Now multiply 1
with one higher number than 1 i.e 1+1 =2. If the number is 25 then multiply 2 with 3.
If the number is 35 multiply 3 with 4 to get 12. Hence 1*2=2 is the first digit of our
answer. So the answer come out to be 225.

Hence this conclude the squaring of any number ending in 5. Now let see some of the
examples of the above method.
95*95=9025
115*115=13225 here 11*12=132 as discussed in previous method.
135*135=18225 here 13*14=182. Don’t worry about the multiplication of 13 *14. We will
discussed it in later part of the course.
So practiced some of the problems given below:
145*145= 155*155= 165*165
625*625=
75*75=
785*785=
995*995=
125*125=

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1.3 MULTIPLICATION OF ANY NUMBERS WHOSE LAST DIGIT ADD UPTO 10 AND THE
FIRST DIGIT ARE SAME

Let us first recognize the number. By saying the number whose last digit add upto 10 and
the first digit are same the numbers are 23*27, 44*46, 128*122, etc. so to multiply such
number we have direct formula for such multiplication. The procedure for the multiplication
of such numbers are:
1) Multiply the last digit of both the number to get the last digit of our answer
2) Then multiply the first digit of the number by adding one to the number i.e if the
number is 23*27 then the first digit of our answer would be 2*3=6.
So, the answer would be 621.
Let see some of the examples:
33*37=1221
122*128=15616
Practice some of the problems given below:
133*137=
47*43=
56*54=
This conclude the above methods. Its is similar to the squaring the number ending in 5.
You may have noticed it by now.

1.4 SQUARING NUMBER ENDING IN 1

So this is another application of Vedic mathematics. So let see the number which are 41, 51,
121, etc. for this we have to follow the following procedure:
1) The final digit of our answer is always same i.e 1. So, the final digit is always 1.
2) To get the middle answer just add the first digit with itself. If the number is 41*41
then the middle number is 4+4=8.
3) To get the first digit of our answer we just need to square the first digit of the
number i.e in this case 4*4=16.
So the final answer came out to be 1681. Hence it is easy to calculate the number ending
in 1.

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 Below are some of the problems you should practice:
81, 61, 121, 51, 31,91, etc.

1.5 MULTIPLICATION OF ANY TWO DIGIT NUMBER BY 99

This is another application of Vedic mathematics. Let’s get into this. Let say the two-digit
number is 41. Then the answer of 41*99 by Vedic method is directly obtained as 4059. So
the procedure are as follows:
1) For the first digit of our answer just subtract our number by 1 i.e. 41-1=40
2) To get the last digit of our answer just subtract the number 41 in 100. So the number
is 59
Therefore, our final answer is 4059.
Practice some of the problems:
78, 12, 56,89,23,84, etc.
Don’t worry about subtracting the number 41 from 100. It can also be done in simple Vedic
method. Let see about that:
For example, to subtract 41 from 100 we need to look at the digit of our number i.e. 4 and
1. Since the last digit of our number is 1. We need to subtract last digit in 10 and the
remaining digit by 9. So, in case of 41 we decrease 4 from 9 i.e. 9-4=5 and 10-1=9. So, the
final answer is 59
The process can be applied to subtraction of 1000, 10000, 100000, etc.
Let see one of them say 1000. We need to subtract 59 from 1000 then the answer is 941.
The above rules is applied in here.

1.6 DOUBLING AND MULTIPLICATION BY 4, 8 ,16, ETC.

There is no rules for doubling but it is very necessary in the mathematical calculation since
multiplication by 4 means that we double the number twice. Since doubling is easy to do, so
the multiplication by 4 or 8 or any multiple of 2 can be easily done.
Let see some of the example:
32*2=64
64*2=128
78*2=156
98*2=196

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Practice some of the problems:
196, 226, 336, 589 etc.
Similar if we have to multiply any number by 4 we just double the number twice. For
example:
44 *4= 44*2*2 =88*2= 176
Practice these on your own and also multiplication by 8. Here we need to double the
number thrice time.

1.7 SOME BASIC TIPS FOR ADDING OR SUMMING A GROUP OF NUMBERS

For this first we need to know the compliment of 10. By saying the compliment of 10 means
that any two or three or four number or even higher which add up to give 10. For this
remember the following complement of 10 i.e.
1 and 9, 2 and 8, 7 and 3, 6and 4, 5 and 5
Then we see the following examples:
Add 1+6+2+4+9+8
The fastest way of adding the above number is to look for the compliment. So 1 and 9 are
compliment which add up to give 10. Similarly 8 and 2 and 6 and 4. So the answer is 30.

1.8 MULTIPLICATION BY 5

While multiplying by 5, the vedic method provides us a simple technique by which we can
get our answer as quickly as possible. Since 5 is half of 10, so while multiplying any number
by 5 , we will half the number and multiply it by 10 which is a lot easier. Let see an example:
Let say the number is 12. So 12*5= 6*10= 60. Hence it turns out to be so easy by converting
the 5 into 10. Hence we will use this technique in rest of our multiplication. Let us see
further example:
18*5=90
6*5=30
14*5=70
This conclude the first chapter of our course. We shall begin the chapter 2 which will be the
multiplication section.

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 CHAPTER 2 MULTIPLICATION

Multiplication in Vedic mathematics is basically done in two ways. They are:

2.1 BASE METHOD

In base method we will multiply the number which is near to the 10 base i.e. 10, 100, 1000,
10000, etc.
We need to know the multiplication table from 1 to 5 for the base method. Then we can
apply the base method. Let us consider by observing an example:
Let say we have to multiply 9 *7. Both the number are near to the base of 10 i.e 10 itself.
Then by the base method let see the procedure:
1) First subtract both the number from 10. We can use the compliment formula to
subtract number from 10. So, the compliment of 9 is 1 and 7 is 3. So write down as
following after knowing the compliment.

The negative sign indicates that the number is less than 10.
2) To get the last digit multiply the compliment together to get 3 i.e -1*-3= 3
3) To get the first digit we can do either of the three things:
I. We can subtract 9 from 3 or
II. We can subtract 7 from 1 or
III. We can add the two number 9 and 7 and subtract it from 10 to get the first digit
of our answer.
So either way the first digit came out to be 6. So the answer is 63.

The symbol x for multiplication came from the above property as shown. Hence in this way
the base method works.

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Let see another example:

From the base method we can also multiply number near to 50 also. Here the theoretical
base is 100 but the working base we chose is 50. 50 is halve of 100. Let see an example say
we have to multiply 51 *53 which is near to our working base 50. So we will proceed the
multiplication as:

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The same problem can be done as follow:

In the above example the working base is 50 but the actual base is 10. So we multiply the 54
by 5 and that makes sense since our actual base is 5 times less than working base.
Let see other variety:

This conclude the base method for multiplication. Now then we will start the general
method of multiplication. Practice on your own some of the multiplication by using base
method.

2.2 GENERAL METHOD OF MULTIPLICATION

The rules are very simple and generalized in case of this method of multiplication. Let us see
an example and follow along it. We assume the number is 11 * 12. So according to the
general method of multiplication we can multiply the given number by:

Here the first digit and last digit of each numbers are multiplied to get the first and last digit
of our answer and the middle digit is obtained as by multiplying 1*2 and 1*1 and adding
them to get final answer 3. This trick works for any two digits number. For example:

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for three digits same rules is applied. For example:

For four digits and higher digit same rules is applied:

Hence, in this way the general method of multiplication in Vedic mathematics works.

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 CHAPTER 3 DIVISION

In Vedic method there are two methods by which we can divide any number. The two
methods are:
1. Nikhilam method
2. Paravartiya method
we shall discuss both of them in detail.

3.1 DIVISION BY NIKHILAM METHOD

In this method we use the compliment of the divisor. Let see an example of how it is done
using Nikhilam method.

In this way the division is one in simple method using the Nikhilam method.
Let see the procedure:
1. First note the divisor 9. We put down the compliment of 9 below the 9.
2. After that we simply carry down the first digit of the number to be divided down as
shown above
3. Then simply multiply the number which you carry down with the compliment of the
9 i.e divisor compliment
4. Then put that in the second digit and add the digit to get 3 as shown above.
5. Similarly again multiply the 3 with the compliment of divisor and put it in the next
digit of the number.
6. Then add the number where the last digit will be the remainder.
Note: if the last digit of the remainder is greater than the divisor then again divide the
remainder by the divisor.
Let see some of the examples:

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In the above we see that the remainder is greater than the divisor. So we divide the
remainer again by 89. So we get:

Hence the final answer come out to be 18 with 40 as remainder.

Answer: 4 with 98 as remainder

3.2 DIGITAL SUM

Digital sum is just the sum of the digit of the number. For example, say the number is
123Then the number obtained by adding 1+2+3= 6 is the digital sum of the number 123.
Note: the digital sum of the number should be single digit. So, let see an example:
Digital sum of 563= 5+6+3=14 but digital sum is single digit. So add 1+4=5 to get the digital
sum. Hence the digital sum of the number 563 is 5.
Significance of digital sum:

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The digital sum gives the remainder of the number when divided by 9. It means that if the
number is say 23 then when the number 23 is divided by 9 the remainder is 5.

3.3 DIVISION BY PARAVARTIYA METHOD

Division by Paravartiya method can be illustrated from the given example:

the procedure to be followed are:

here the -31 makes us to do some extra works. So just borrow 1 from the 5 in the above
portion. Then the 5 becomes 4 and subtract 41 from 100. As we know from the compliment
100-41 is 59. So, the answer is 24 with 59 as remainder.
Hence this concludes our total course on the Vedic mathematics. It is the easiest way of
performing any mathematical calculation.

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