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Experiment 101 Newton'S Second Law of Motion Analysis

Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to its mass. The experiment tested this law by measuring the acceleration of a cart under different net forces with constant mass, and under different masses with constant net force. The results showed that acceleration increased with net force as expected, and decreased with increasing mass as the law predicts. The experiment successfully verified both relationships described by Newton's second law of motion.

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72 views5 pages

Experiment 101 Newton'S Second Law of Motion Analysis

Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object and inversely proportional to its mass. The experiment tested this law by measuring the acceleration of a cart under different net forces with constant mass, and under different masses with constant net force. The results showed that acceleration increased with net force as expected, and decreased with increasing mass as the law predicts. The experiment successfully verified both relationships described by Newton's second law of motion.

Uploaded by

Jerome Langit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 101

NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION

ANALYSIS

Newton’s second law of motion is closely related to Newton’s first law of


motion. It is the study of relationships of motion to the forces that causes it.
Newton’s second law of motion pertains to the behaviour of objects for which all
existing forces are not balanced. The second law of motion is as basic equation
that gives the exact relationship of force, mass, and acceleration.

The change in motion is equal to the change in velocity. When there is


change in velocity, there is acceleration present. Newton’s first law of motion
clearly states that a net external force causes a change in motion, thus we can say
that net external force also causes acceleration.

Newton’s second law of motion states that the acceleration of an object as


produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force,
in the same direction as the net force and inversely proportional to the mass of an
object.

According to NASA, this law states, “Force is equal to the change in


momentum per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass time
acceleration.” This is written in mathematical form as F=ma. F is force, m is mass
and a is acceleration. In simply term, if the force is doubled, the acceleration is
proportionally doubled. But if the mass is doubled, the acceleration is cut in half.

A force is a push and pull upon an object resulting from the object’s
interaction with another object. Whenever there is an interaction between two
object’s, there is a force upon each of the object. There are two main group of
forces, contact and long-range forces. Contact forces is a force that is produced
when there is direct contact between two interacting bodies while long-range
force is a force that is produced when one body influences the state of motion of
another body even if these two bodies are separated by empty spaces. One
example of contact force is the applied force to an object and normal force to the
surface that an object contacts. For long-range force, electric force and weight are
good examples of long-ranges forces. Forces can be named as concurrent force or
non-concurrent force. Concurrent forces are defined as forces that pass through a
common point. In other words, concurrent forces system is a set of two or more
forces whose lines of action intersect at a point at the same time. However non-
concurrent forces are two or more forces whose magnitudes are equal but act in
opposite directions with a common line of action.

FIGURE 1.

In order to fully know the concepts about forces, it is significant to know


the different types of forces. There are four (4) types of forces; Normal force,
Gravitational force, Friction force and Tension. Alongside with these four different
types of forces, there is also compression force. The normal force is the support
force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another stable object. On
occasions, a normal force is exerted horizontally between two objects that are in
contact with each other. Gravitational force is defined as the force with which the
earth, moon, or other massively large object attracts another object towards
itself. By definition, this is the weight of the object. All objects upon earth
experience a force of gravity that is directed "downward" towards the center of
the earth. The force of gravity on earth is always equal to the weight of the object
as found by the equation: Fgrav=mg where g is equals to 9.8N/kg. The friction
force is the force exerted by a surface as an object moves across it or makes an
effort to move across it. There are at least two types of friction force - sliding and
static friction. Though it is not always the case, the friction force often opposes
the motion of an object. Friction results from the two surfaces being pressed
together closely, causing intermolecular attractive forces between molecules of
different surfaces. As such, friction depends upon the nature of the two surfaces
and upon the degree to which they are pressed together. The tension force is the
force that is transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire when it is pulled
tight by forces acting from opposite ends. The tension force is directed along the
length of the wire and pulls equally on the objects on the opposite ends of the
wire. Compression Force is the application of power, pressure, or exertion against
an object that causes it to become squeezed, squashed, or compacted.

FIGURE 2.

The first law states that an object will stay at rest or move with a constant
velocity, unless it is acted upon by an external force. The third is the well-known
(if mildly misunderstood) idea that every action (force) has an equal but opposite
reaction – if you push on a door, the door will push back against you.

The second law is the one that tells you how to calculate the value of a
force. Force (measured in Newtons) is one of the fundamental physical properties
of a system and comes in many forms. You might feel it as a push or pull (a
mechanical force), while it is the value of your weight (the gravitational force of
the Earth pulling on you) and can be seen in the repulsion or attraction of
magnets or electric charges (electromagnetic force). A force might be the result of
any number of fundamental physical interactions between bits of matter but
Newton's second law allows you to work out how a force, when it is present, will
affect the motion of an object.

Based on the results in the data sheet of EXPERIMENT No. 101 Part A Table
1: Constant Mass, Changing Net Force, the cart’s acceleration and the total
hanging weight are directly proportional to each other. In which the total hanging
weight increases, the acceleration of the cart increases. This supports the idea of
the second law of motion in which the acceleration is directly proportional to the
net force (weight).

For the experiment on Part B. Table 2. Changing Mass, Constant Net Force.
For trials 2 and 3, we added 100g and 300g to the cart and recorded under m2 in
table 2.

Base on the results in the data sheet of EXPERIMENT No. 101 Part B Table
2: Changing Mass, Constant Net Force, the acceleration of the cart is indirectly
proportional to its mass. Given the formula, acceleration is equivalent to the ratio
of net force and mass therefore there is increase in mass needed. It is a
requirement to increase the net force in order to reach the same value of
acceleration. In other words, the heavier the object, the slower its acceleration is.
Thus, the data proves the Second Law of Motion that states the relationship of
acceleration and mass is indirectly proportional to each other.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, Newton’s Laws of Motion and Forces gives a great


clarification on the relationship of objects and its motion. In doing this
experiment, the center of interest in this activity is to determine more on the
Second Law of Motion which is the Law of Acceleration. According to the Second
Law of Motion, the law states that the acceleration of an object is dependent
upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object and the mass of the
object. Two relationship can be defined within this definition of the Second Law of
Motion. This experiment can verify the direct proportionality of acceleration and
net force if the mass of the body is constant. The second relationship is the
inverse proportionality of acceleration and mass if the net force is constant.
These two relationship were proven through the data collected and analyse
during this experiment. According to the data on experiment part A. the direct
proportionality of acceleration and net force was showed. For part B, the inverse
proportionality of mass and acceleration was shown. Both experiment satisfies
the definition of the Second Law of Motion and was truly a success experiment as
it showed the idea and concepts of the Second Law of Motion.

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