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Human Factors Engineering Dr. Osama Al Meanazel: Sound

The document discusses noise and its effects on human factors engineering. It defines sound and its measurement in terms of frequency and intensity using units like hertz, decibels, and bels. The inverse square law holds that sound intensity decreases by 6 decibels each time the distance from the source doubles. Various indices are used to evaluate the effects of noise on speech communications, including the articulation index, preferred speech interference level (PSIL), and preferred noise criteria curves. The PSIL is described as the average noise level in three octave bands centered at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, and it provides a rough estimate of noise effects on speech reception.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views7 pages

Human Factors Engineering Dr. Osama Al Meanazel: Sound

The document discusses noise and its effects on human factors engineering. It defines sound and its measurement in terms of frequency and intensity using units like hertz, decibels, and bels. The inverse square law holds that sound intensity decreases by 6 decibels each time the distance from the source doubles. Various indices are used to evaluate the effects of noise on speech communications, including the articulation index, preferred speech interference level (PSIL), and preferred noise criteria curves. The PSIL is described as the average noise level in three octave bands centered at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, and it provides a rough estimate of noise effects on speech reception.

Uploaded by

ehab kamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9/22/2014

Human Factors Engineering

Dr. Osama Al Meanazel


Lecture 5
(NOISE)

Sound

 Sound: sensed variations in air pressure


 The number of cycles per second is called the frequency of the sound
• Expressed in hertz (Hz) or cycles per second

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9/22/2014

Intensity of Sound

 Associated with the human sensation of loudness


 Defined in terms of power per unit area
• Example: watts per square meter (W/m2)
 Because the range of power values for common sounds is so tremendous
it is convenient to use a logarithmic scale to characterize sound intensity
 The bel (B), is the basic unit of measurement
• 1dB=0.1B
 Sound power is directly proportional to the square of the sound
pressure, hence sound-pressure level (SPL), in decibels (dB), is defined
as
𝑃
SPL (dB) = 20 log ( 1 )
𝑃0

Inverse Square Law

 The intensity of the sound (sound power) is inversely proportional to the


square of the distance

1 α 1/D2
 According to Inverse Square Law the level of sound decreases by 6
decibels every time the distance from the sound source doubles

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Effect of Noise on Speech Communications

 Different indices have been developed to evaluate the effects of noise on


speech communications
• AI: Articulation Index
• PSIL: Preferred-octave Speech Interference Level
• PNC: Preferred Noise Criteria curves

Preferred-octave Speech Interference Level (PSIL)

 Used as a rough estimate of the effects of noise on speech reception

 It is simply the numeric average of the decibel levels of noise in three octave
bands centered at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz

 Thus, if the decibel levels of the noise were 70, 80, and 75 dB, respectively, the
PSIL would be 75 dB

 The PSIL loses some of its utility if the noise:


• Has intense components outside the ranges included in the PSIL
• Has an irregular spectrum
• Consists primarily of pure tones

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Preferred-octave Speech Interference Level (PSIL)

PSIL

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PSIL

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