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Elimination of Arbitrary Constants

The document discusses the elimination of arbitrary constants from differential equations. It provides three properties that must be observed: 1) the order of the differential equation must equal the number of arbitrary constants, 2) the equation must be consistent with the given relation, and 3) the equation must be free from arbitrary constants. It then works through four examples of eliminating arbitrary constants from given relations by deriving differential equations that satisfy the three properties.

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Kean Longgay
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2K views2 pages

Elimination of Arbitrary Constants

The document discusses the elimination of arbitrary constants from differential equations. It provides three properties that must be observed: 1) the order of the differential equation must equal the number of arbitrary constants, 2) the equation must be consistent with the given relation, and 3) the equation must be free from arbitrary constants. It then works through four examples of eliminating arbitrary constants from given relations by deriving differential equations that satisfy the three properties.

Uploaded by

Kean Longgay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Elimination of Arbitrary Constants

One way of obtaining a differential equation is by elimination of arbitrary constants of some


solutions of a differential equations. To eliminate arbitrary constants, three properties are to be
observed:

Properties
 The order of differential equation is equal to the number of arbitrary constants in
the given relation.
 The differential equation is consistent with the relation.
 The differential equation is free from arbitrary constants.
Examples:

Problem 1. Eliminate the arbitrary constants c from the relation x3−3x2y=c

Solution:
x3−3x2y=c
3x2 dx−3(2xy dx+x2 dy)=0
3x2 dx−6xy dx−3x2 dy=0
 
Divide by 3x
x dx−2y dx−x dy=0x dx−2y dx−x dy=0
(x−2y) dx−x dy=0(x−2y) dx−x dy=0 

Problem 2. Eliminate the arbitrary constants c1 and c2 from the relation   y=c1e−3x+c2e2x
y=c1e−3x+c2e2x.
 
Solution
y=c1e−3x+c2e2x       → equation (1)
y′=−3c1e−3x+2c2e2x       → equation (2)
y″=9c1e−3x+4c2e2x       → equation (3)
 
3 × equation (1) + equation (2)
3y+y′=5c2e2x       → equation (4)
 
3 × equation (2) + equation (3)
3y′+y″=10c2e2x       → equation (5)
 
2 × equation (4) - equation (5)
2(3y+y′) −(3y′+y″) =0
6y+2y′−3y′−y″=0
6y−y′−y″=0           answer
 
Note: The methods of elimination vary with the way in which the constants enter the given
relation.

Problem 3: ysinx−xy2=c

Solution:
ysinx−xy2=c
(ycosx dx+sinx dy) −(2xy dy+y2 dx) =0
ycosx dx+sinx dy−2xy dy−y2 dx=0
(ycosx dx−y2 dx) +(sinx dy−2xy dy) =0
y(cosx−y) dx+(sinx−2xy) dy=0

Problem 4: x2y=1+cx

Solution:
x2y=1+cx
xy=x−1+c
x dy+y dx=−x−2 dx
x dy+y dx=−dx/x2
x3 dy+x2y dx=−dx
x3 dy+dx+x2y dx=0
(dx+x2y dx) +x3 dy=0
(1+x2y) dx+x3 dy=0       

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