FA19-EEE-026

ELECTIC CIRCUIT ANALYSIS-1

MAM FAIZA RAJAB

------------------------
COMSATS UNIVERSITY
ISLAMABAD

2K20
2
 PROJECT REPORT

Simple Radio Frequency Jammer

Software Based

Submitted by : Misbah Batool

FA19-EEE-026 Tab 1

Contents:
No:

Abstract 04

Introduction 05

History associated with Jamming 05

Jammer Circuit 06

Components Used 06

Radio Frequency Jammer (Methodology) 07

Circuit Diagram: 08

Result 09

.Applications 09
ABSTRACT:
Radio receivers and phone are used everywhere these days. It's great to
be able to call anyone anytime. But unfortunately, restaurants, movie
theatres, concerts, shopping malls and churches all suffer from the
spread of cell phones because not all cell-phone users know when to
stop talking. While most of us just grumble and move on, some people
are actually going to extremes to retaliate. FM Jammer can be one of the
solutions to this problem.

A transmitter is a device from which signal is transmitted into free

space, after insertion of suitable carrier, i.e. is superimposed on a high
frequency-sine wave. In Frequency Modulation, frequency of carrier is
varied according to the modulating signal.

The capture effect, or FM capture effect, is a phenomenon associated

with FM reception in which only the stronger of two signals at, or near,
the same frequency will be demodulated. It is defined as the complete
suppression of the weaker signal at the receiver limiter (if it has one)
where the weaker signal is not amplified, but attenuated. We are using
this principle here to make a Jammer out of the FM transmitter.

Major application of Jammer includes in controlling a hostage situation

in which police can control when and where a captor can make a phone
call. Police can block phone calls during a drug raid so suspects can't
communicate outside the area. Cell-phone jammers can be used in areas
where radio transmissions are dangerous, (areas with a potentially
explosive atmosphere), such as chemical storage facilities or grain
elevators. Moreover it can be used in places like Hospitals, restaurants,
movie theatres, concerts, shopping malls and churches where silence is
required.
Introduction:
Signals of radio and phones are used everywhere these. It's great to be
able to call anyone at anytime. Unfortunately, restaurants, colleges,
Hospitals, shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell
phones because not all cell-phone users know when to stop talking.
There comes the need of jamming which is nothing but blocking the
signals.

On one hand, jamming is seen as property theft, because a private

company has purchased the rights to the radio spectrum, and jamming
the spectrum is akin to stealing the property the company has purchased.
It also represents a safety hazard because jamming blocks all calls in the
area, not just the annoying ones. Jamming a signal could block the call
of a babysitter frantically trying to contact a parent or someone trying to
call for an ambulance. While on the other hand it is a very handy tool to
curb in the theft/emergencies like bomb tracing (where usually cell
phone communication is used) by controlling a hostage situation in
which police can control when and where a captor can make a phone
call. Police can block phone calls during a drug raid so suspects can't
communicate outside the area

FM Modulated signals are used in the majority of wireless

communication uses due to its superiority in terms of noise rejection and
co-channel (or adjacent channel interference). If two signals of same
frequency (or within some deviation), the signal with the lower
amplitude is attenuated with the factor of the amplitude of that having
higher amplitude and the other remains unaffected. We are using this
property to model this Jammer, which is known as capture effect.

HISTORY ASSOCIATED WITH JAMMING:

During World War II ground radio operators would attempt to mislead
pilots by false instructions in their own language, in what was more
precisely a spoofing attack than jamming. Radar jamming is also
important to disrupt use of radar used to guide an enemy's missiles or
aircraft. Modern secure communication techniques use such methods as
spread spectrum modulation to resist the deleterious effects of jamming.

Jamming of foreign radio broadcast stations has often been used in

wartime (and during periods of tense international relations) to prevent
or deter citizens from listening to broadcasts from enemy countries.
However such jamming is usually of limited effectiveness because the
affected stations usually change frequencies, put on additional
frequencies and/or increase transmission power.
Jamming has also occasionally been used by the Governments of
Germany (during WW2), Israel, Cuba, Iraq, Iran (Iraq and Iran war,
1980-1988), China, North and South Korea and several Latin American
countries, as well as by Ireland against pirate radio stations such as
Radio Nova. The United Kingdom government used two coordinated,
separately located transmitters to jam the offshore radio ship, Radio
North Sea International off the coast of Britain in 1970.

Jammer Circuits:
In olden days while we were using analog signal for communication, the
jamming circuit was very easy just by producing the high frequency
noise signals, but today trend is completely changed in such a way that
use of digital devices taken place from analog devices. High frequency
signals are not capable to block those signals from reaching the devices,
so we need very high frequency signals to block the actual signals from
reaching the devices, so jammers are used for blocking the signals.

Jammer circuit produces the high frequency signal which will confuse
the receiver of particular system from receiving the signal, even though
circuit is working properly, user of the system feels that circuit is not
working properly. This type of high frequency signal generation through
jammer is called noise and the circuit is called jammer because it will
mix the main signal with noise signal.

Components:

1. Inductor:L1=1mH

An inductor is a passive electrical component that thwarts the

changes in electrical current that goes through it. Some types of
inductors are used in alternating current system

2. Capacitor:C1=10uf,C2=0.01uf,C3=10pf,C4=6pf

The capacitor is a component which has the ability or

“capacity” to store energy in the form of an electrical
charge producing a potential difference (Static Voltage)
across its plates, much like a small rechargeable battery.

3. Rresistor: R1=15k,R2=3.9k,R3=220OHM

A resistor controls the flow of the electrical current within a circuit.

Resistors are made from materials like copper or carbon, which make
it difficult for the electrical charges to flow through a circuit.
 Battery:9V

a container consisting of one or more cells, in which chemical energy is

converted into electricity and used as a source of power.

4. NPN –Transistor: 2n2222

NPN transistor is one of the Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) types.

The NPN transistor consists of two n-type semiconductor materials and
they are separated by a thin layer of p-type semiconductor. Here the
majority charge carriers are the electrons. The flowing of these electrons
from emitter to collector forms the current flow in the transistor.
Generally the NPN transistor is the most used type of bipolar transistors
because the mobility of electrons is higher than the mobility of holes.
The NPN transistor has three terminals – emitter, base and collector.
The NPN transistor is mostly used for amplifying and switching the
signals.

NPN Transistor Working

The working of NPN transistor is quite complex. In the above circuit

connections we observed that the supply voltage VB is applied to the
base terminal through the load RB. The collector terminal connected to
the voltage VCC through the load RL. Here both the loads RB and RL
can limit the current flow through the corresponding terminals. Here the
base terminal and collector terminals always contain positive voltages
with respect to emitter terminal. 

5. LED-green

6. Switch

FM Jammer Circuit Explanation:

 The variable capacitor C1 and L1 will constitute the tank circuit
which will produce the high frequency signal, the capacitor C1 is
variable so that we can produce different frequency signal by
adjusting the variable capacitor. When the Q1 is turned ON, the tank
circuit will start its operation and produce the VHF signal (very high
frequency signal) which will jam or create the noise in the original
signal so that receiver cannot receive the signal. Even if it is
received also, the signal cannot be used by the receiver circuit.
 The resistors R1 and R2 will act as the biasing circuit and R3 is used
for limiting the emitter current in the circuit.
 SOME CAUTIONS:
 This type of circuit is banned in many countries. Use it by your own
risk.
 Capacitor C1 value should be changed for every station for getting
the different frequency.
 Different frequencies can be achieved by changing the values of
capacitor and inductor. The formula is F= 1/ (2*pi*sqrt (L*C)).

Circuit Diagram:
Elaboration:
The proteus circuit is given in above figure the capacitor and inductor
now, mutually forms a frequency due to which it makes distortion for
the radio ra frequency to be jammed. Ideally we have an antenna by
which we can see that the signal is being jammed now, here on software
it make certain error we can also use oscillator for waves check from
virtual proteus we have used LEDlight which turns on when it achieves
its desired state.

Results
When we have to block the signal of certain frequency our circuit have
to make more frequency than that and our C3 have to make changes
with the inductor to achieve that higher value of fequancy

F= 1/ (2*pi*sqrt (L*C)).

Applications of Jammer Circuits:

Normally jammers are used in government offices in some countries,
but jammers are mainly used by military, navy, air force and entire
defense systems. People will not use jammers everywhere, but they use
in selected places and highly confidential meetings, gathering etc.

jammers can be used in areas where radio transmissions are dangerous,

(areas with a potentially explosive atmosphere), such as chemical
storage facilities or grain elevators.

It can be used in places like Hospitals, restaurants, movie theatres,

concerts, shopping malls and churches where silence is required.