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Table 1. Physical Properties and Soil Strength: Concrete

High-rise buildings are a product of modern times but provide only temporary solutions to land scarcity problems. They require heavy foundations to support large loads. In Kingston, Jamaica, land is expensive due to its scarcity, particularly in small cities like Kingston, so high-rise buildings have been increasingly constructed. However, a geology report will be required due to the area's clay-rich soil composition to ensure foundations can adequately bear loads. Wind loads from storms and hurricanes will also need to be designed for.

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48 views6 pages

Table 1. Physical Properties and Soil Strength: Concrete

High-rise buildings are a product of modern times but provide only temporary solutions to land scarcity problems. They require heavy foundations to support large loads. In Kingston, Jamaica, land is expensive due to its scarcity, particularly in small cities like Kingston, so high-rise buildings have been increasingly constructed. However, a geology report will be required due to the area's clay-rich soil composition to ensure foundations can adequately bear loads. Wind loads from storms and hurricanes will also need to be designed for.

Uploaded by

alomartaylor
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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High-rise Buildings are product of our time and temporary solutions for the problems they create.

In
recent years, developing countries have emerged as centers for new high-rise buildings. Land is scarce
and expensive particularly in small Caribbean cities like Kingston.

The foundations of high-rise buildings support very heavy loads, but the systems developed for low-rise
buildings are used, though enlarged in scale. These include concrete caisson columns bearing on rock or
building on exposed rock itself. Bearing piles and floating foundations are also used.

Geology of the site


Geological engineering cross-section of the construction site from the top to down is
represented by the following soils (in brackets are the thickness of the layers):
anthropogenic soils, predominantly lean clays (0.4 to 9.1 m), quaternary deposits -
fir m-stiff clays (0.7-3.6 m), lean clays soft-to-stiff (4-20 m), firm-stiff clays (0.5-2.2
m), very soft-stiff silty clays (0.5 to 4.9 m) covering early cretaceous sands from silt
to medium (up to 59.2 m). Physical properties and strength of soil are given in table
1.In the soil mass there are perched water table at a depth of 1.0-5.1 m, and two
water levels: at a depth of 4.5-6.7 m, with a hydraulic head of 0.6-2.6 m and above
jurassic deposits at a depth of 22.8-24.0 m. The level of surface is 196,300 m
[3].Table 1. Physical properties and soil strength

A geology report will be required before the planning of the project begin, the design will be impacted
base on the geology of the environment, Kingston is located on the liguanea plain which consist of mostly
clay soil,
These decisions are equally important with underground structures, but additionally,
underground parking structures must often sustain lateral earth loads, loads from adjacent
buildings/roadways, and loads from a park, plaza, or building constructed above. In evaluating
structural systems, design objectives should include:

 Balancing initial cost with long-term economy


 Utilizing durable systems that match the owner’s long-term plans
 User comfort and personal safety
 Integrating the structural system with security (line-of-sight)
 Detailing to reduce volume change restraint often associated with early deterioration of
parking structures

Wind loads

The structural systems of tall buildings must carry vertical gravity loads, but lateral loads, such as those
due to wind are also major consideration. Kingston is located in a coastal area which is exposed to storms
and hurricane, such building must me design in a manor to deal with and protect residents and property
located within such building during such event. Tall building is affected two ways due to wind, tall
building act as a cantilever beam that’s fixed to the ground. The building will bend due to wind pressure
and should be able to deal with such wind that could be found on the liguanea plain. On the other hand,
the wind that is flowing by the building will create a vortex at the corner of the building which will
affects its stability.
traffic
In most cases Kingston is congested with traffic, so when the construction site is up and running it will
add more to the already dyer problem. For things to run smooth in cases where people and traffic could be
re-routed to facilitate dangerous work. So times this can back fire and lead to worsen traffic problem, so
the best thing to do is to see how quickly the project can be completed.
These decisions are equally important with underground structures, but additionally,
underground parking structures must often sustain lateral earth loads, loads from adjacent
buildings/roadways, and loads from a park, plaza, or building constructed above. In evaluating
structural systems, design objectives should include:

 Balancing initial cost with long-term economy


 Utilizing durable systems that match the owner’s long-term plans
 User comfort and personal safety
 Integrating the structural system with security (line-of-sight)
 Detailing to reduce volume change restraint often associated with early deterioration of
parking structures

Underground parking structures must sustain lateral earth loads, there are multiple building pack close by
in Kingston which will impact the load bearing capacity of the structure, such foundation would have
been design to transfer such loads.
Access

Entrance ramps must be accessed directly from the street, and be designed to blend in, while being obvious
enough to spot. The ramp gradient should be no greater than 1-in-7, and under slab heating can be used to
prevent ice forming in winter. Ramps should be located to minimise disruption to traffic, cyclists and
pedestrians, so side street access is preferable to entering from a main thoroughfare. All underground car parks
must have a lift to a ground floor lobby.

Entrance ramps must be visible an easy to access from the main street closes to the development, such ramps
should be design to blend in with the aesthetic of the area, ramp should be at a grade that will allow a car to
access with relative ease, all underground car parks must have a lift to a ground floor lobby, in the lobby there
will be other lift available to take office and home owner to their relevant floor with different ID cards

Ventilation is very important, the preferred option is always natural ventilation, downtown Kingston is a
coastal area where a lot of wind is present, which could be transported to the underground parking
without the use of any mechanical device
Flood risk

While underground car parks aren’t subject to the same cycles of wetting and drying as the
exposed concrete decks of multi-storey car parks, there are distinct challenges to consider
relating to the ingress of water from the surrounding ground. Clearly, an area at high risk of
flooding may not be suitable for underground parking. In any other environment, close attention
needs to be paid to using appropriate waterproofing systems.

Downtown is located close to the sea, and the Caribbean in known for hurricanes, so flood protection
should be considering early in the event of such floods, proper drainage such be in place to redirect water
away from enter the underground parking structure

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