TRANSPORT IN PLANTS-chapter-3

Home work-date-17.7.2020.already given

I. KWL

KNEW WANT TO KNOW WHAT I HAVE

LEARNT

II. SCIENCE VOCABULARY

A- K- U-

B- L- V-

C- M- W-
D- N- X-
E- O- Y-
F- P- Z-
G- Q-
H- R-
I- S-
J- T-

III. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING (classwork)

A- DIFFUSION- The movement of molecules –gas, liquid or solid from higher concentration to lower
concentration is called diffusion.
B- Osmosis – It is the movement of water molecules from its region of higher concentration through a
semipermeable membrane to the region of its lower concentration.
C- Active transport-The movement of molecules from their region of lower concentration to the region
of higher concentration requires energy in the form of ATP is called as active transport.
D- Ascent of sap- The upward movement of water and minerals by the xylem is called ascent of sap.
E- Root pressure –The pressure developed in the roots due to the continuous inflow of water because of
cell-to-cell osmosis.
F- Transpiration – The loss of water in the form of water vapour from the leaf and other aerial part of the
plants.
 G- Transpirational pull- The suction force is created in the xylem vessels due to transpiration, which
causes the water to be pulled up from the xylem in the roots to the stem and then to the leaves.
H- Semi-permeable membrane: It is a membrane that allows the movement of solvent molecules (e.g.
water molecules) through it but prevents the movement of solute particles (e.g. sugar or salt
molecules).
For example: Egg membrane, parchment membrane, cellophane paper etc. are semi-permeable
membranes.

IV. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

1. An experiment was set up as shown in the figure below. After some time, the water level in test tube A
is fell down but not in test tube B. Why was there a fall in the water level of the test tube A and not in
B?

ANSWER-

In test tube A the water level falls because the water was absorbed by the plant through its roots dipped in water.
Here no water loss occurs due to evaporation from the water surface due to presence of oil.

In test tube B the water level remains unchanged as it does not contain a rooted plant. Due to the presence of oil on
surface no water loss occurs due to evaporation.

2. How are roots helpful to the plants? Give twopoints.

Answer- Roots are useful to the plants in the following way:

1. It absorbs water and minerals from the soil and transport it upward to various parts of a plant.
2. Roots fix the plant firmly in the ground.

Question 3. What do xylem vessels carry?

Answer: The xylem vessels carry the water and minerals absorbed by the roots to the stem and leaves.

Question 4. Name the plant tissue which helps in carrying the food to different parts.

Answer: Phloem.

Question 5. Under what conditions do plant transpire (a) more quickly and (b) most slowly?

Answer:
(a) Transpiration is faster on hot summer days as compared to cold winters.

(b) Transpiration is reduced if the air is humid. Air cannot hold any water molecules when it is already laden with
moisture (humidity).

Question 6 .Given here is an enlarged diagram of a part of the root. Draw arrows on the diagram to show the
movement of water passing through different parts.

Answer: Path of water through the root hair to the xylem vessels.

Question 7. Why is the structure of the root hair is quite suitable for absorbing water from the soil?

Answer:
The root hair are suitable for absorbing water from the soil in the following three ways:

1. The root hairs present a large surface area. More the surface area, greater is absorption.
2. The cell wall is of cellulose nature and forms permeable membrane and the plasma membrane around the
vacuole forms the semi-permeable membrane.
3. Root hairs have solution (cell sap) of a higher concentration than the surrounding soil water.

Question 8. Briefly explain, how transpiration helps in upward conduction of water in plants? (a) ………… (b) ……………

Answer:

(a) Plants continuously absorb water through their roots. This water is sent up through the stem to all parts of the
plant, including the leaves. Only a little amount, of water is retained in the plant or utilised by it in photosynthesis.
The rest of it gets evaporated into the atmosphere as water vapour through the stomata present in the epidermis
of the leaves and other aerial parts of the plant. This creates a suction pressure which pulls up water from xylem
of the roots to the stem and then to the leaves.
(b) Xylem tissues are in the form of capillary tubes (tracheids and fibres) where narrower the diameter, greater will
be the force. Whenever the xylem vessels lay empty, such as during the loss of water by transpiration, the water
from below rises into them by a capillary force.

During day time, water is lost from the surface of the leaves by the process of transpiration. In this process, more
and more water molecules are pulled up due to their tendency of remaining joined together (cohesion).and stick
to the sides of the xylem vessels (adhesion). Such pulling force created by the leaves is very important in the case
of tall trees where an upward conduction of water takes place.

Question 9

How does temperature, light intensity and wind affect transpiration?

Answer:

Temperature: Transpiration is faster on hot summer days as compared to cold winters.

Light intensity: The transpiration rate is increased due to the increase in light intensity. During daytime in the sunlight,
the rate of transpiration is faster. This is because the stomata remain open to allow the inward diffusion of carbon
dioxide for photosynthesis. During dark, the stomata are closed, and hence transpiration hardly occurs at night.

Wind: Transpiration is more when the wind is blowing faster as water evaporates faster from the leaves.

Long answer type of questions:-

Question 1

How water absorbed by the roots is important for the plants?

Answer:

The water absorbed by the roots is important for the plant in three main ways:

1. Transportation: The water in the plant body transports substances in solution from one part to another.
 2. Food production: Water is used in producing food (photosynthesis) by combining it with carbon-dioxide from
the air in the presence of sunlight.
3. Cooling: Water is used to cool the plant by evaporation through leaves when it is hot outside.

Question 2

Name the factors which affect the rate of transpiration? State their role in each case.

Answer:

The following are the main factors that affect the rate of transpiration:

1. Sunlight: During daytime, the rate of transpiration is faster. This is because the stomata remain open to allow
the inward diffusion of carbon-dioxide for photosynthesis. During dark, the stomata are closed, and hence
transpiration hardly occurs at night.
2. Temperature: Transpiration is faster on hot summer days as compared to cold winter.
3. Wind: Transpiration is more when the wind is blowing faster as water evaporates faster from the leaves.
4. Humidity: Transpiration is reduced if the air is humid. Air cannot hold any water molecules when it is already
laden with moisture (humidity).
5. Low atmospheric pressure: The rate of transpiration increases when the pressure is low.

Question 3

Mention the two ways in which transpiration helps the plants.

Answer:

Transpiration helps the plants in the following ways:

Cooling effect: In transpiration, water gets evaporated from the plant. The heat required for this evaporation is
obtained from the plant itself (latent heat) and thus the plant is able to cool itself when it is hot outside.

Transpiration helps in maintaining the concentration of the sap inside the plant body: The roots continue to absorb
water from the soil. If excess water is not evaporated out, the sap would become dilute, preventing further absorption
of water along with the minerals required by the plant.

Question 4

Name any three minerals whose deficiency causes diseases in plants. Give the symptoms of each deficiency.

Answer:

The nutrient elements i.e. minerals are essential for the plants to grow well and complete their life-cycle properly. The
minerals are divided into two main categories:

(i) Macro-Nutrients: They are required in larger concentrations and they are obtained from soil. The three macro-
nutrients (minerals) whose deficiency causes diseases in plants are:

1. Nitrogen (N) – Yellowing of leaves, wrinkling of cereal grains.

2. Phosphorus (P) – Purple and red spots on leaves, delay in seed germination.
 3. Potassium (K) – Poor Growth

(ii) Micro Nutrients: They are required in small amounts and they are also obtained from soil. The three micro-
nutrients(minerals) whose deficiency causes diseases in plants are:

1. Iron (Fe) – Yellowing of Leaves.

2. Manganese (Mn) – Yellowing of leaves, with grey spots.
3. Zinc (Zn) Desphaped leaves, yellowing of leaves, stunted plant growth.
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