MATH9 MODULE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE

1.7 COEFFICIENTS AND THE ROOTS OF A

QUADRATIC EQUATION.
I.
II. Introduction

Assalamu alaikom students. This module will help the you to describe
the relationship between the coefficients of a quadratic equation,
specifically in finding the sum and product of the roots of quadratic equation.
In this lesson, you were able to relate the sum and product of the roots of the
quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 to the values of a, b, and c.

At the end of this module, the learners are able to:

III. Objectives A. Describes the relationship between the coefficients and the
roots of a quadratic equation
B. Determine the sum and product of the roots of quadratic
equation
C.Write the quadratic equation in standard form given the roots.

IV. Instruction for Learners

DO READ!!
Student you need to answer first the Pre-Test before going to other
activities. Do the activities in order as they appear in this module. Read the
directions for each activity and answer them in your notebook.

V. Pre- Test
.
Activity 1: Let’s Do Addition and Multiplication!
Perform the indicated operation then answer the questions that
follow:
1. 3 + 5 = ________ 6. ( 3 ) ( - 7 ) = ________
2. 6 + ( - 2 ) = ________ 7. ( - 8 ) ( - 4 ) = ________
3. – 5 + ( - 4 ) = ________ 8. ( - 9 ) ( 2 ) = ________
4 3
4. – 11 + 7 = ________ 9. (− 5)( 5 ) = _______
4 3 2 1
5. − + = ________ 10. (− 3)(− 7 ) = _______
5 5

Questions:
1. How did you determine the result of each operation?
2. What mathematical concepts and principles did you apply to
arrive at your answer?
 Activity 2: Relate Me to My Roots!
Complete the table and use the quadratic equations below to answer the
questions that follow:

Quadratic Sum of Product of

coefficients Roots
Equations the roots the roots

a b c x1 x2

x2 + 5x + 6 = 0

x2 – 3x + 2 = 0

x2 + 3x – 4 = 0

2x2 – 5x – 3 = 0
Questions:

1. What do you observe about the sum and the product of the roots of each
quadratic equation in relation to the values of a , b and c?
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

2. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given its roots or

solutions? Justify your answer by giving examples.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
3. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given the sum and
product of its roots. Justify your answer by giving examples.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

VI. Learning Activities

A. CONCEPT
Please read the lesson below and study carefully the examples.

Relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic

equation
The values of a , b and c in the quadratic equation can be used in finding the sum and
product of the roots of the equation.

Let r and s or 𝒙𝟏 and 𝒙𝟐 be the roots of a quadratic equation;

−𝒃 𝒄
Sum of the roots : 𝒓 + 𝒔 = Product of the roots : 𝒓. 𝒔 =
𝒂 𝒂

−𝒃 𝒄
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 = 𝒙𝟏 . 𝒙𝟐 =
𝒂
𝒂

The sum and product of the roots formula were derived from the
standard form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 by the using quadratic formula.
TRY TO SOLVE IT FOR YOU TO SEE.
 Illustrative Examples
Use the values of a , b and c of each of the following quadratic equations in determining
the sum and product of its roots. Verify your answers by obtaining the roots of the equation.

1. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 = 0
Solution:
( 𝑥 + 3 )( 𝑥 + 1 ) = 0
𝑥 = −3 , 𝑥 = −1

Sum of the roots: Product of the roots:

−𝑏 𝑐
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑜𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑠 = 𝑥1 . 𝑥2 𝑜𝑟 𝑟. 𝑠 =
𝑎 𝑎
−4 3
𝑟 + 𝑠 = 1 𝑟. 𝑠 = 1
𝑟 + 𝑠 = −4 𝑟. 𝑠 = 3

2. 4𝑥 2 – 12𝑥 + 9 = 0
Solution:
( 2𝑥 – 3 )( 2𝑥 – 3 ) = 0
2𝑥 – 3 = 0
2𝑥 = 3
3
𝑥 = 2

Sum of the roots: Product of the roots:

−𝑏 𝑐
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑜𝑟 𝑟 + 𝑠 = 𝑥1 . 𝑥2 𝑜𝑟 𝑟. 𝑠 =
𝑎 𝑎
−(−12) 9
𝑟 + 𝑠 = 𝑟. 𝑠 =
4 4
12
𝑟 + 𝑠 = 𝑜𝑟 3
4

HERE ARE SOME MORE EXAMPLES

Use the value of a, b and c of each quadratic equation find the sum and product of its
roots.
1. x2 – 4x = 5
Solution:
x2 – 4x = 5 x2 – 4x – 5 = 0 : write in standard form
a=1,b=-4,c=-5 : identify the value of a , b and c

sum of the roots : : use the sum and product expression

−𝑏
r+s= 𝑎
−(−4 )
= 1
𝑟 + 𝑠 = 4

product of the roots: What is the value of ( 𝑟 + 𝑠 )2 ?

𝑐
𝑟. 𝑠 = 𝑎 note: r and s be roots of quadratic equation
−5
𝑟. 𝑠 = 1
Answer: ( r + s )2
𝑟. 𝑠 = − 5 ( 4 )2 = 16
 2. ( 3𝑥 + 2 )( 𝑥 + 4 ) = 0
Solution:
(3x + 2 )( x + 4 ) = 0 3x2 + 14x + 8 = 0 : write in standard form
a = 3, b = 14 , c = 8 : identify the value of a , b and c
Sum of the roots : : use the sum and product expression
−𝑏
𝑟 + 𝑠=
𝑎
−(14 )
= 3
−14
𝑟 + 𝑠=
3
Product of the roots: What is the value of ( rs )2?
𝑐
𝑟. 𝑠 = 𝑎 Answer: ( rs)2
8 8 64
=3 ( 3 )2 = 9
8
𝑟. 𝑠 = 3

Another examples (Using the sum and the product of the roots formula)

Rule: To derive he quadratic equation when the two roots or given, subtract
each root rom x to get the corresponding linear factors and equate the product
of the linear factors to zero

Given the roots, write the quadratic equation in the form of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

1. 7 and -2
Solution:
Reverse the factoring method using the solutions 7 an -2:
𝑥 = 7 or 𝑥 = −2
𝑥−7= 0 or 𝑥 + 2 = 0
(𝑥 − 7) (𝑥 + 2) = 0 : zero factor property
2
𝑥 − 5𝑥 − 14 = 0 : Multiply the factor
Or
Use the form:
𝒙𝟐 − (𝒓 + 𝒔)𝒙 + 𝒓𝒔 = 𝟎
Where 𝑟 + 𝑠 = 7 + (−2)
=5
And 𝑟 . 𝑠 = (7)(−2)
= -14
Therefor the equation is 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 14 = 0.

2. −√5 and √5
Solution:
Reverse the factoring method using the solutions −√5 and √5:
𝑥 = −√5 or 𝑥 = √5
𝑥 + √5 = 0 or 𝑥 − √5 = 0
(𝑥 + √5 ) (𝑥 − √5 ) = 0 : zero factor property
2
𝑥 −5=0 : Multiply the factor
(Or you can use the other ethod too)
Therefor the equation is𝑥 2 − 5 = 0
VII. Self- Test

ACTIVITY 1

Using the value of a, b and c of each quadratic equation and find sum and
product of its roots.

1. x2 – 9x + 18 = 0 a = ____ b = ____ c = ____ sum : ______ product : _____

2. x2 – 12x – 45 = 0 a = ____ b = ____ c = ____ sum : ______ product : _____
3. x2 + x – 90 = 0 a = ____ b = ____ c = ____ sum : ______ product : _____
4. x2 - 6x + 9 = 0 a = ____ b = ____ c = ____ sum : ______ product : _____
5. 6x2 + x + 5 = 0 a = ____ b = ____ c = ____ sum : ______ product : _____

ACTIVTY 2

Use the value of a , b and c of each quadratic equation in determining the sum
and product of its roots. Verify your answer by obtaining the roots of each
quadratic equation.

1. x2 = 9 sum : _______ product : _______ roots : __________

2. x2 – 1 = 0 sum : _______ product : _______ roots : __________
3. 3x2 – 12X = 0 sum : _______ product : _______ roots : __________
4. 5x2 – 17x + 6 = 0 sum : _______ product : _______ roots : __________
5. 4x2 = - 12x – 9 = 0 sum : _______ product : _______ roots : __________

Remember:
Relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equation

 The values of a , b and c in the quadratic equation can be used in finding the
sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation.
 Sum of the roots of the quadratic equation can be obtained by:

−𝒃
x1 + x2 or r + s =
𝒂
 Product of the roots of the quadratic equation can be obtained by:

𝒄
(x1)( x2 ) or rs =
𝒂

ACTIVITY 3:

What is ghostly about a dead rattlesnake?

Determine the sum and product of the roots of each equation and write the word
above the answer.

1. AFTER 5x2 – 8x + 3 = 0 7. ATTACK x2 + 4x + 4 = 0

2. CAN x2 + 2x – 3 = 0 8. DEATH -x2 + x + 1 = 0
3. EAT x2 – 1 = 0 9. SCRES x2 – 4 = 0
4. STILL x – 2x + 1 = 0
2 10. AN x2 = 6x – 9
5. RATS x2 – 2x + 1 = 5 11. ITS x2 - 4x = 21
6. IT 3x2 = 7 – 2x 12. HOUR 3x2 – 7x + 2 = 0
 Answer Box:

r + s = -2 / 3 r+s=-2 r+s= 2 r+s=-4 r+s=6

rs = -7 / 3 rs = - 3 rs = 1 rs = 4 rs = 9

r+s= 7/3 r+s=8/5 r+s= 4 r+s= 1

rs = 2 / 3 rs = 3 / 5 rs = - 21 rs = - 1

THOUGHTS TO PONDER!
 What is insights do you have about the sum and product of
quadratic equation?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 How would you connect this to real life? How would you use this in
making decision?
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

VIII. Post Test

Integrated the Development of the Following Learning Skills:

1. Communication Skills 3. Creativity
A. Understanding of words A. Problem solving
B. Following instructions / directions:
C. Reasoning 4. Character
D. Responding to ideas A. Honesty
2. Critical Thinking B. Accuracy
A. Observation C. Working independently
B. Analysis D. Patience
C. Explanation F. Perseverance

ACTIVITY 1
Read each item carefully. Write the letter of the best answer.
_____1. Which expression is used to find the sum of the roots of quadratic equations?
𝑐 𝑏 −𝑐 −𝑏
A. B. 𝑎 C. D.
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎

_____2. Which expression is used to find the product of the roots of quadratic
equations?
𝑏 𝑐 −𝑏 −𝑐
A. B. 𝑎 C. D.
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
 _____3. What is the sum of the roots of ( x + 5 )2 = 25
A. – 10 B. – 5 C. 10 D. 30

_____4. Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 = 8x + 4,
respectively?
A. – 4 and – 2 C. 4 and – 2
B. – 4 and 2 D. 4 and 2
_____5. What is r + s of the quadratic equation x2 – 8x + 7 = 0?
2 2

A. 49 B. 56 C. 64 D. 113

ACTIVITY 2.
Write quadratic equation in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 given the following root.

1. −9 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0

2. −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 3

2 3
3. − 𝑎𝑛𝑑
3 4

Prepared by: Lalawiin S. Pandapatan

DPDMNHS
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References for further enhancement:

1. Grade 9 Mathematics Learners Material By; DepEd Materials pages 66 – 74.

2. Grade 9 Mathematics Patterns and Practicalities By: Gladys C. Nivera. pages 42 - 47.
3. E-math 9 by Orlando A. Oronce and Marilyn O. Mendoza. Rex Book Store.
4. https://youtu.be/xWppkYPW3O0
5. https://youtu.be/bDQOeXAk_yY
6. https://youtu.be/e5Hl6I8BnbM