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Automatic Street Light Controller Using Relay and LDR

This document describes an automatic street light controller circuit using a relay and light dependent resistor (LDR). The circuit uses two transistors and an LDR to detect light levels and control a relay connected to an AC light bulb. When it is dark, the LDR resistance increases and triggers the relay to turn on the light. When it is light, the LDR resistance decreases and the relay is triggered off. This simple circuit can automatically control street lights or other AC loads based on ambient light conditions without needing an op-amp or timer integrated circuit.

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Deepa Chotagal
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190 views6 pages

Automatic Street Light Controller Using Relay and LDR

This document describes an automatic street light controller circuit using a relay and light dependent resistor (LDR). The circuit uses two transistors and an LDR to detect light levels and control a relay connected to an AC light bulb. When it is dark, the LDR resistance increases and triggers the relay to turn on the light. When it is light, the LDR resistance decreases and the relay is triggered off. This simple circuit can automatically control street lights or other AC loads based on ambient light conditions without needing an op-amp or timer integrated circuit.

Uploaded by

Deepa Chotagal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Street Light Controller Using

Relay and LDR

So here in this project, we are going to make


a Simple Automatic Street Light Controller
Using Relay and LDR. This circuit is very
simple circuit and can be built with
Transistors and LDR, you don’t need any op-
amp or 555 IC to trigger the AC load. Here we
have used an AC bulb as street light. Some
applications of this circuit are street light
controlling, home/office light controlling, day
and night indicators, etc.

Components Required:
1. Transistor BC547 -2
2. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
3. Relay
4. Resistor 1k
5. 100k Potentiometer
6. Power Supply 12v -1
7. Connecting wires
8. Jumper wires
9. Screw terminal Block 2 pin or 3 pin
10. Bread Board or Perf Board
11. 1n4007 Diode
12. AC supply
13. AC Load or Bulb
What is LDR?

LDRs are made from semiconductor


materials to enable them to have their light
sensitive properties. There are many types
but one material is popular and it is cadmium
sulphide (CdS). These LDRs or PHOTO
REISTORS works on the principle of “Photo
Conductivity”. Now what this principle says is,
whenever light falls on the surface of the LDR
(in this case) the conductance of the element
increases or in other words the resistance of
the LDR falls when the light falls on the
surface of the LDR. This property of the
decrease in resistance for the LDR is
achieved because it is a property of
semiconductor material used on the surface.
LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)

Previously we have built many useful circuits


using the LDR:

 Dark Detector using LDR and 555 Timer


IC
 Dark and Light Indicator Circuit
 Simple LDR Circuit
 Automatic Staircase Light
 Laser Security Alarm Circuit
Circuit Diagram and
Explanation:
Below is the circuit diagram of this Light
sensing Street Light:

In this project, we have used an LDR (Light


Dependent Resistor) which is responsible
for detecting light and darkness. The
resistance of LDR increases in darkness and
reduces in presence of light. This circuit is
same as a Dark Detector or Light Detector
Circuit, only here we have replaced simple
LED with a AC load, using a Relay. Two
BC547 NPN transistors are used to drive the
relay.

Whenever light falls over LDR its resistance


get decreased and transistor Q1 turns ON
and collector of this transistor goes LOW, and
this makes the second transistor turns OFF
due to getting a LOW signal at its base, so
relay also remain turned OFF due to second
transistor.

Now whenever LDR senses


Darkness, mean no light, then transistor Q1
turned ON due to increase in the resistance
of LDR which is responsible for voltage drop
at the base of Q1. Due to a LOW signal at the
Q1 base, Q2 transistor gets a HIGH signal
from the collector of Q1 and turns ON the
relay. Relay turned ON the AC load that is
connected to relay. A 10K pot is also used for
setting up the sensitivity of the circuit.

So this is how automatic Street Lights turns


on in the night and turn off in the day, check
the Demonstration Video below.

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