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Automatic Street Light

This document describes an automatic street light control circuit project using an LDR sensor and transistor switches. The circuit uses an LDR that senses light levels and controls the transistors to turn street lights on after sunset and off after sunrise, automatically reducing energy consumption compared to manual control. The circuit components are inexpensive and include an LDR, two transistors, resistors, LED, and battery. Instructions are provided to build the circuit on a breadboard and test its ability to turn the LED on in the dark and off in the light.

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106 views2 pages

Automatic Street Light

This document describes an automatic street light control circuit project using an LDR sensor and transistor switches. The circuit uses an LDR that senses light levels and controls the transistors to turn street lights on after sunset and off after sunrise, automatically reducing energy consumption compared to manual control. The circuit components are inexpensive and include an LDR, two transistors, resistors, LED, and battery. Instructions are provided to build the circuit on a breadboard and test its ability to turn the LED on in the dark and off in the light.

Uploaded by

sai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Electronic Project – Automatic Street Light Control Circuit

Following is yet another simple Electrical/Electronics project for automatic street light
control systems especially for students, newbies and hobbyists.
Features:
 It is a dark detector circuit based on LDR and a transistor (BC-547 NPN)
which automatically switches ON and OFF the street light system.
 It automatically switches ON street lights when the sunlight goes below the
visible region of our eyes. (e.g. in the evening after sunset). 
 It automatically switches OFF the lights when sunlight falls on it ( i.e. on
LDR ) e.g. in the morning, the sensor called LDR (Light Dependent
Resistor) senses the light just like our eyes and deactivates the circuit.

Advantages:
 The automatic operation of street light controlling systems help to reduce
the energy consumption as compared to the manually operated street light
controlling operations. This is because there is a delay in the earlier
switching operations both in morning (during sunrise) and evening (during
sunset).
 On sunny and rainy days, ON and OFF time is noticeably differ which is
one of the major disadvantages of using timer circuits or manual operation
for switching the street light system.
Enough … Now let’s begin the step by step guide to make the circuit of the basic
project.
Components Required:

 LDR – Light Dependent Resistor


 2 Nos. of transistors. (NPN transistor – BC547 or BC147 or BC548)
 Resistor- 1kΩ, 100kΩ, 330 Ohm & 470 ohms.
 Light emitting diode (LED) – Any color
 Connecting wires – (Use single-core plastic-coated wire of 0.6mm diameter
(the standard size) or any wire used in computer networking).
 Power supply-6V or 9V
Procedure
 Insert first transistor Q1-BC547 (NPN) on breadboard (or general PCB) as
shown in the circuit diagram 1.
 Connect another transistor Q2- BC547 (NPN) on the breadboard as in step
1.
 Connect  wires across the emitter pin of both transistors and -Ve terminal
of battery (lowest/bottom row of breadboard.)
 Connect  a wire across the Collector pin of transistor Q1 and Base pin of
transistor Q2.
 Connect a resistor 1K across the positive terminal of battery (topmost row
of breadboard) and Collector pin of transistor Q1.
 Connect  Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) across the positive terminal of
battery (topmost row of breadboard) and base terminal of transistor Q1.
 Insert a resistor- 330 Ohm across base pin of transistor Q1 and negative
terminal of battery (lowest bottom row of breadboard).
 Connect a resistor 330R across the positive terminal of battery (topmost
row of breadboard) and anode terminal of LED (Light emitting diode) &
Connect the cathode terminal of LED to Collector pin of transistor Q2.
 

The simple circuit is ready for testing now. Connect 6V to 9V battery terminals to the
circuit as shown in fig and see the output. As you block light falling on the Light
dependent resistor(LDR), the LED glows and vice versa.
LED GLOWS EVEN IN LESS DARKNESS. Use torch light or lighter if the LED glows
in less darkness. In addition, you can try to adjust the sensitivity of this circuit by
using a variable resistor in place of R1-300 Ohm. You may use other resistances as
well, (e.g., 1KΩ, 10KΩ and 100KΩ, etc.)

Whenever light falls on the LDR (Light Dependent resistor), the LED is OFF i.e. the
LED does not glow.
In the dark (e.g. when light is blocked to the LDR), the LED is ON i.e. the LED is ON.
Snapshot taken out from the Video.

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