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Case Study Leukemia

This case study discusses acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a type of cancer affecting white blood cells. It will analyze a case of ALL and discuss the disease's signs, symptoms, treatment, and whether the current pandemic has affected survival rates.

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Christian Gallardo
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105 views3 pages

Case Study Leukemia

This case study discusses acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a type of cancer affecting white blood cells. It will analyze a case of ALL and discuss the disease's signs, symptoms, treatment, and whether the current pandemic has affected survival rates.

Uploaded by

Christian Gallardo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Study

I. INTRODUCTION

This case study is about of the student understanding and analyzing organ disease
specifically Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or bone
marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of blood cells, usually white blood cells or
leukocytes. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a rapidly developing, abnormal growth
(neoplasm) of the cells that are precursors of lymphoblasts. The French American-British
Cooperative Working Group defines three categories of lymphoblasts L1, L2 & L3. L1
lymphoblasts are small cells characterized by a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio. The pale
blue cytoplasm is scanty and is limited to a small portion of the perimeter of the cell. The
L2 lymphoblasts have indistinct nucleoli and nuclear membranes that vary from round to
clefted. L3 lymphoblasts are a heterogeneous group of cells identical to Burkitt-like
leukemia and characterized by deeply basophilic cytoplasm and prominent cytoplasmic
vacuolization. Approximately 85% of children with ALL have predominant L1
morphology, 14% have L2, and 1% has L3, while the L2 subtype is more common in
adults. Individual chromosomal abnormalities are strong independent indicators of
outcome, especially risk of relapse. Diagnostic cytogenetics identifies patients with a higher
rate of relapse and those who are likely to have a high-risk relapse. This case study is
consist of five parts. The students will be able to acquire knowledge, practice for the
particular diagnosis.

A. PURPOSE OF THE PROBLEM

The Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia is one of the most common cancer in childhood which
is now curable in 90% of patients. Current efforts are focused on devising molecular-based
therapy for the subsets of acute lymphoblastic leukemia that are most resistant to current therapy.
This type of disease mostly occurs to children. Since there are rapid number of cases of covid
-19, it is alarming that in some cases, children who have this as a precondition disease may also
evolve in the context of the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to know if the survival rate of
this disease considering the situation we’re living today has affected.
B. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a type of leukemia which is characterized by 20% or more
lymphoblasts in the bone marrow and/or the blood. It is a rapidly developing, abnormal growth of the
cells that are precursors of lymphoblasts. The peak incidence occurs between age 2 and 5 years. The most
frequent signs are lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, anemia, signs of hemorrhage, and
bone tenderness. Biological findings include hyperleukocytosis due to circulating lymphoblasts. Most of
the cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia show chromosomal and genetic abnormalities. These
anomalies occur spontaneously in important regulatory genes in a lymphoid cell population. The
causative factors may be like smoking, high birth weight, diet, and high socioeconomic status,
electromagnetic field, being exposed to radiation, pesticides, past treatment with chemotherapy or other
drugs that weaken the immune system. It is a biologically heterogeneous disorder, so that morphologic,
immunologic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic characterizations of leukemia lymphoblasts are needed
to establish the diagnosis or to exclude other possible causes of bone marrow failure and, finally, to
classify its subtypes. The survival rate for children younger than 15 years of age reaches about 75%, but,
despite the significant improvement of outcome during the last decades, still roughly 25% of patients
suffer from a relapse of the disease. With the need to stratify patients in risk groups and to provide risk-
adapted therapy, treatment requires high levels of organization, expertise and knowledge.

II. CASE PRESENTATION

A. DISCUSSION

B. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

C. MODE OF TRANSMISSION

III. POSSIBLE TREATMENT


IV. RECOMMENDATION

V. CONCLUSION

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