The document outlines 5 philosophical assumptions that underlie the study of personality: 1) freedom vs determinism, 2) heredity vs environment, 3) uniqueness vs universality, 4) proactivity vs reactivity, and 5) optimism vs pessimism. It presents opposing views on the nature and development of human personality.
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Assumptions in The Study of Personality
The document outlines 5 philosophical assumptions that underlie the study of personality: 1) freedom vs determinism, 2) heredity vs environment, 3) uniqueness vs universality, 4) proactivity vs reactivity, and 5) optimism vs pessimism. It presents opposing views on the nature and development of human personality.
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Philosophical Assumptions on
The Study of Personality
Freedom
Determinism
People basically The behavior of
have control of people is basically their own behavior determined by and understand internal or external the motives behind forces over which their behavior. they have little, if any, control. Philosophical Assumptions on
The Study of Personality
Heredity
Environment
Inherited and inborn Factors in the
characteristics have environment have the most important the most influence on a person's important behavior. influence on a person's behavior. Philosophical Assumptions on
The Study of Personality
Uniqueness
Universality
Each individual is People are basically
unique and cannot very similar in cannot be nature. compared with others. Philosophical Assumptions on
The Study of Personality
Pro activity
Reactivity
Human beings Human beings
primarily act on primarily react to their own stimuli from the initiative. outside world. Philosophical Assumptions on
The Study of Personality Optimism
Pessimism
Significant changes A person's personality
in personality and and behavior are behavior can occur essentially stable and throughout the unchanging. course of a lifetime.