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Ap Chemistry 1st Lab Report

The document describes an experiment to determine the relationship between density and concentration of salt solutions. Samples of salt water with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% NaCl were created and their densities measured. The densities of two unknown solutions were also measured and their concentrations estimated using the linear relationship between density and concentration from the known solutions.

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82 views5 pages

Ap Chemistry 1st Lab Report

The document describes an experiment to determine the relationship between density and concentration of salt solutions. Samples of salt water with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% NaCl were created and their densities measured. The densities of two unknown solutions were also measured and their concentrations estimated using the linear relationship between density and concentration from the known solutions.

Uploaded by

api-388790167
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The Relationship Between Density and Concentration Using

Salt Solutions
Experiment #1
Instructor: Mrs. Haberman

Jamie Bouch
AP Chemistry
September 3, 2019
Purpose

This experiment is to display density samples, with percentages of salt dissolved in water,

to represent the mass that is in the water within a unit volume of space in the sample. Majority of

densities are determined and put into data at 20 degrees Celsius, being room temperature.

This experiment provides examples of density situations. Each of the beakers will have a

certain percentage of salt and a certain percentage of water to equal 100 milliliters. There is also

2 mystery solutes of salt and water. Once you record the density of the other 5 solutes, you weigh

the mysteries and estimate what percentages they contain, to record what they are

Materials

 10.00 mL Graduated cylinder

 Analytical balance

 NaCl solutions; 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 2 unknowns

 Transfer pipets

Procedures

Make a solution of a percentage of NaCl in a percentage of water, measured in milliliters.

Percentages being 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of NaCl. The volume for each mixture should

be 10.00 milliliters. As well, record the constant temperature for all mixtures.

Then make a volume for each of the unknown mixtures is at 10.00 milliliters, as well

recording the constant temperature the mixtures will be kept at.

Once the previous steps have been completed, take 10.00 milliliters of each mixture,

separately, and weigh them in grams. Record the observations to the data.
For the unknown mixtures, find the mass of 10.00 milliliters and place the points on the

graph. By this, determine the percentages of NaCl in the water by using a graph. Use the Linear

Regression line on the graph to determine the unknown mixtures.

Data

solution solution solution solution solution solution solution


NaCl % in H2O 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% Unknown #1 Unknown #2
Temperature (C) 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Mass (g) 10.12 10.28 10.91 11.31 11.62 10.33 10.92
Volume (mL) 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Density (g/mL) 1.012 1.028 1.091 1.131 1.162 1.033 1.092

percentage vs density
30

25
NaCl Percentage

20

15

10

0
1 1.02 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.1 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18
Density (g/mL)

y = 120.96x – 116.21 Density = m/V

r2 = 0.9749 r = 0.98737024463977
Calculations and Graphs

5% : Density = 10.12g/10mL = 1.012 g/mL

y = 120.96 (1.012 g/mL) – 116.21 = 6.20152 = 6.202% of NaCl

10% : 10.28g/10mL = 1.028

y = 120.96 (1.028 g/mL) – 116.21 = 8.13688 = 8.137% of NaCl

15% : 10.91g/10mL = 1.091 g/mL

y = 120.96 (1.091 g/mL) – 116.21 = 15.75736 = 15.76% of NaCl

20% : 11.31g/10mL = 1.131g/mL

y = 120.96 (1.131 g/mL) – 116.21 = 20.59576 = 20.60% of NaCl

25% : 11.62g/10mL = 1.162 g/mL

y = 120.96 (1.162 g/mL) – 116.21 = 24.34552 = 24.35% of NaCl

Unknown #1 : 10.33g/10mL = 1.033 g/mL

y = 120.96 (1.033 g/mL) – 116.21 = 8.74168 = 8.742% of NaCl

Unknown #2 : 10.92g/10mL = 1.092 g/mL

y = 120.96 (1.092 g/mL) – 116.21 = 15.87832 = 15.88% of NaCl

Conclusion

There is a linear relationship between density and concentration of sodium chloride

solutions. The relationship between density and concentrations can be useful in ways to make
guesses on the solutions of the two unknown solutions. This is by weighing the unknown

solutions and using the linear relationship to compare the densities of the unknowns to the

known, and already given, solutions.

Discussion of Theory

The concentration and density go hand and hand in this experiment. As the concentration

increases, so does the density, and as well the other way around. The data above, supports this

theory, but does contain some spots for error. This experiment did complete the task for its

purpose because of the possibility of using the linear relationship to guess the concentration of

the unknown solutions based on the densities measured of them each.

Error Analysis

Possibility for error that took place in this experiment is the mixing of the solutions.

When each of the solutions were made, there may have not been as precise as needed to be. As in

before being put on the scale, the NaCl may have not been mixed into the water completely,

causing the mass to possibly be too high or too low. Another is when measuring the NaCl to add

to the water. The salt could have been measured under or over the required percentage, also

possibly throwing off the mixtures needs to complete the percentage of NaCl.

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