International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering

Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)

Microstrip Symmetrical E-Shape Patch Antenna for the

Wireless Communication Systems
Ajay Yadav1, Bhadrasheela Chauhan2, Aanchal Jain3
12,3
Arya Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan (RTU) INDIA
Abstract— this paper represents designing & analysis of E- The dielectric constant of the substrate εr = 4.2 and
shape microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication. thickness of the substrate h = 1.6mm have been used to
Low volume, low profile configuration, easily mounted, light design the E-shaped microstrip patch antenna. The width
weight, low fabrication cost is the advantages of this antenna. and length of the microstrip antenna are determine as
The operating frequencies of antenna are 3.1GHz and
follows
3.45GHz, the substrate FR4 is used for proposed antenna
which dielectric constant 4.2 and thickness of 1.6mm. Two
parallel slots are cut to perturb the surface current path, (1)
which provides a bandwidth of 11%. The E-shape has return
loss of -12dB of and -28dB at operating frequencies 3.1GHz
and 3.45GHz respectively. Designing and simulation of this Where v0 is velocity of light in free space
antenna has been done by the help of HFSS Software. This
antenna is fed by a co-axial probe feeding. In this paper, the (2)
effects of different types of antenna parameters studied.
Where the dimensions of the patch along its length have
Keywords— Patch Antenna, Compact wireless Antenna, E-
been extended on each end by a distance ∆L, which is a
Shaped Antenna, U slot Antenna, Co-axial feed Antenna.
function of the effective dielectric constant εreff and the
width-to-height ratio (W/h), and the normalized extension
I. INTRODUCTION
of the length, is
A microstrip patch antenna is types of antennas that
offers a low profile, i.e. thin and easily manufacture ability,
which provides great advantages over traditional antennas (3)
[1-3]. An E-shaped patch antenna is easily formed by
cutting two slots from a rectangular shape [2]. By cutting The actual length of the patch can be determine as
the slots from a patch, gain, return loss and bandwidth of
microstrip antenna can be improved. The increased (4)
development of wireless communications, the urgency to
design low volume, compact, low profile planar
In this paper, the E-shape micro strip patch antenna has
configuration and wideband multi-frequency planar
been designed with desired width W(21mm) and length
antennas become highly desirable. Narrow bandwidth is a
L(31mm).The size of the ground plane is 41×31 (mm2), and
serious limitation of these microstrip patch antennas.
the thickness of the dielectric layer is 1.6 mm. we have also
Different techniques are used to overcome this narrow
change the dimensions of patch and ground to optimize the
bandwidth limitation. These techniques include increasing
patch antenna as to achieve the desired gain and directivity
the thickness of the dielectric substrate, decreasing
comparatively compact size of the antenna[1-4]. With
dielectric constant and using parasitic patches [4-8].
dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is 4.2 we achieved
the above mentioned parameters. The dimension of the
II. ANTENNA DESIGN & STRUCTURE
patch is 31×21 (mm2). In this section we will discuss the
In this paper, the E-shape microstrip patch antenna has effect of parameters on the performance of designed E-
been designed with over all dimensions W(41mm) x shaped micro strip antenna. In this antenna feeding has
L(31mm). The designing of E-shaped microstrip patch been done at the point where the return loss is minimum.
antenna, the resonant frequency fr = 3.1GHz and the By changing the position of feeding point we can change
dielectric substrate FR4 epoxy is used for fabrication. the various terms which are associated with antenna. Figure
2.1 gives a HFSS top view of E shaped proposed antenna
with above described dimensions.

241
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)
Figure 2.2 shows the HFSS view where a small circle
have used for co-axial feeding which provides maximum
return loss (-28 dB) with that position.

L2

W3

W W1
w2

W4

W5 Figure 2.2 E-Shape microstrip patch antenna (HFSS)

L1
III. ANALYSIS OF E-SHAPED ANTENNA
In this paper we have used the famous FEM method to
Figure 2.1 Geometry of proposed Antenna (Top view)
analysis the proposed antenna with the help of HFSS. The
TABLE I
region of interest is divided into any number of finite
PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN PARAMETERS IN surfaces or volume elements depending upon the planar or
MILIMETERS (mm) volumetric structures to be analyzed. Integration of certain
Dimensions W L W1 L1
functions is done over the entire conducting patch. This
patch is partitioned into many subsections.
(mm) 41 31 31 21
IV. SIMULATED RESULT OF PROPOSED ANTENNA
Dimensions L2 W2 W3=W4 W5 For the Simulation of proposed antenna HFSS software
have been used. In this simulation we have tried to obtain
(mm) 8.5 6 9 3.5
optimized performance of various antenna parameters such
as return loss, gain, radiation pattern, directivity etc. With
the help of HFSS software we can also calculate the
bandwidth percentage. The band width percentage for
designed antenna is 11%. It’s very appreciable because
microstrip antennas are known for their poor bandwidth
[7-8]. With the proposed antenna we have achieved a very
appreciable percentage of bandwidth which could be useful
for the wireless communication as well as applications in S
band. Figure 4.1 shows the return loss consideration for the
proposed antenna.

242
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Ansoft Corporation
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Radiation
Certified Journal, Volume Pattern
2, Issue 3
12, December HFSSDesign1
2012)
0 Curve Info

-30 30 dB(DirTotal)
5.00 Setup1 : Sw eep1
Freq='3.45GHz' Phi='0deg'

0.00
-60 60
-5.00

-10.00

-90 90

-120 120

Figure 4.1 Return loss of antenna

-150 150
From the plot it can be observed that return loss at -180
frequency 3.45GHz is maximum which is near by-28dB.
Figure 4.3 Directivity of E – shape micro strip patch antenna

The polar plot represents the directivity of antenna at

frequency in 6.8dB. This radiation pattern also shows that
the circular polarization occurred by changing feed point.

Figure 4.2 Gain of E – shape microstrip patch antenna

The radiation pattern shows gain of proposed antenna at

frequency 3.45GHz is about 4.7dB.

Figure 4.4 3D polar plot of directivity

243
 International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering
Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012)
REFERENCES
[1 ] Subodh Kumar Tripathi and Vinay Kumar, ―E-Shaped Slotted Micro
strip Antenna with Enhanced Gain for Wireless Communication‖,
IEEE Transactions on Antenna & propagation July to August 2011.
[2 ] B.-K. Ang and B.-K. Chung, ―A Wideband E-Shaped microstrip
patch antenna for 5–6 GHz wireless communications‖, Progress In
Electromagnetics Research, PIER 75, 397–407, 2007
[3 ] G.Purnachandra Rao, Kshitiz Agarwal, M.V.Kartikeyan and
M.K.Thumm, ―Wideband signal patch E-shaped compact micro strip
antenna for high speed wireless local area networks‖ IEEE
Transactions on Antenna & propagation
[4 ] M.K.verma, Sapna Verma, and D.C.Dhubkarya, ―Analysis and
designing of E-shape micro strip patch antenna for wireless
communication system‖, IEEE Transactions on Emerging Trends in
Electronic and Photonic Devices & Systems, 2009
[5 ] Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bhartia, Inder Bahl and Apisak
Ittipiboon,―Microstrip Antenna Design Hand Book,‖ Artech House,
Norwood,MA, 2001.
[6 ] D.M.Pozzar, ―Mcrstrip Antenna Coupled to Microstripline,‖
Electron Lett., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 49-50, January 1995.
Figure 4.5 3D polar plot of gain [7 ] Constanantine A.Balanis, ― Antenna Theory Analysis and Design,‖
John Weily & Sons, New York, 2005.
[8 ] Girish kumar and K.P. Ray, ―Broadband Micro strip Antennas‖
V. CONCLUSION
Artech House Boston · London, 2003.
From the simulation analysis of the proposed antenna it
can be easily observed that the designed E-shaped
microstrip antenna has gain of 4.7dB and optimized return
loss -28dB at frequency 3.45GHz. It has also been observed
that position of feed point has a serious effect on the
performance of the designed antenna. By varying the feed
point position, different parameters of designed antenna
can be optimized. The proposed antenna fulfills the desired
parameter values with a very compact size i.e. a big
achievement with this antenna with comparison to others
[1-4]. Proposed antenna can be used in different
applications such as in wireless communication, S band
applications etc.

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