PHYSICAL EDUCATION 9

(Learner’s Material)

Quarter 1

SPORTS OFFICIATING
 CONTENT STANDARD PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner . . . The learner . . .
 demonstrates understanding of lifestyle  maintains an active lifestyle to
and weight management to promote influence the physical activity
community fitness. participation of the community

 practices healthy eating habits that

support an active lifestyle

INTRODUCTION

The advancement brought about by

science and technology has made life easier.
Unfortunately, the luxury of just pushing a button
or clicking a mouse is leading us to a sedentary
lifestyle.

In order to meet the demands of daily

routines and activities, it requires a fitter and
healthier mind and body which can be achieved
through active participation in physical activities
like sports officiating.

This module dares to answer this

pressing concern as it introduces you to the
world of sports officiating; its basics which
include both the personal and professional
qualities that an officiating official should
possess.

Real life experiences and challenges will

be given relative to sports officiating to help you
enhance your fitness, management skills, and
positive behavior such as integrity, teamwork,
discipline, sound judgment and impartiality.

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LEARNING COMPETENCIES

The learner ...

undertakes physical activity and physical fitness assessments .

assesses eating habits based on the Philippine Food Pyramid/ My Food Plate.
determines risk factor (obesity, physical inability, poor nutrition, smoking) for major non-
communicable diseases lifestyle related (e.g. Diabetes, heart diseases, stroke, cancer).
officiates practice and competitive games.
distinguishes among facts, myths and misinformation associated with eating habits.
monitors periodically one's progress towards the fitness goals.
performs appropriate first aid for injuries and emergency situations in physical activity and
sports settings ( e.g. Cramps, sprain, heat exhaustion)
involves oneself in community services through sports officiating and physical activity programs.
recognizes the needs of others in a real life and meaningful way.

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Part I. PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire)

Let’s assess if you are ready for participating in physical activities by taking the Physical
Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). Copy the template below and accomplish it in your
activity notebook:

Name:
Questions Yes No
 Has your doctor ever said that you have a heart condition and
that you should only do physical activity recommended by a
doctor?
 Do you feel pain in your chest when you do physical activity?
 In the past month, have you had chest pain when you were not
doing physical activity?
 Do you lose your balance because of dizziness or have you ever
lost consciousness?
 Do you have a bone or joint problem (for example, back, knee,
hip) that could be made worse by a change in your physical
activity?
 Is your doctor currently prescribing drugs for your heart
condition?
 Do you know of any other reason why you should not do physical
activity?
Let’s see what the questionnaire revealed about your fitness:

 If you answered YES to any of these questions, talk with your doctor before you start
engaging in physical activity. Tell your doctor about the PAR-Q and which questions you
answered yes.

 If you answered NO to all PAR-Q questions, you can take start participating in physical
activity.

Source: Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology. (2002). Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire - PAR-Q.
Retrieved from: www.csep.ca/forms

Part II. Warm-Up Exercises

You will be introduced with several warm-up exercises which you will be performing before
conducting any other physical activity in the course of your lessons in sports officiating. But before
proceeding to the activity, you should obtain first your PMHR (Personal Maximal Heart Rate) and
THR (Target Heart Rate).

You should always have a record of your heart rate before and after a physical activity to
keep track of your fitness level. Remember, one of the most efficient ways to assess your fitness
is through your heart rate.

Static Stretching Exercises Dynamic Stretching Exercises

Neck Stretches Jogging

Shoulder Curls High Knees
Arm Stretches Butt Kicks
Trunk Stretches Side Shuffles
Toe Touch Back Pedals
Lunges Cariocas
Squats Jumping Jacks

Part III. Fitness Assessment

The following template is provided for you to accomplish by filling in the blanks. Identify the
missing component of physical fitness, name of the fitness test in the first column and the
respective scores generated by actually performing the indicated tests in the second column.
 Copy the template and accomplish it in your activity notebook.

Name:
Age: Sex:
THR: (Moderate Activity) THR: (Vigorous Activity)
Weight: Height:
Classification:
Physical Fitness Components and Tests Score Remarks (AB-Above
Target/BT-Below Target)
1. (Lower back and inches
hamstring flexibility)
2. (Shoulder and inches
upper back flexibility)
3. (Upper body
strength)
4. (Abdominal
strength)
5. Shuttle Run __ seconds
6. 50m Sprint seconds
7. Body composition (weight/height2) (kg/m2)
8. (bpm)
● 3-minute step test

Refer to the following tables of targets according to your age and gender for the interpretation of
your scores:
PERFORMANCE TARGETS FOR BOYS DepED Physical Fitness Test Manual
AGE Standing Partial Chair 50 m. Shuttle Sit and 3 min. Step
Long Jump Curl-Ups Push-Ups Sprint Run (sec.) Reach Test
(cm.) (sec.) (cm.) (Pulse Rate in
10 sec. X 6)
15 205 38 21 7.5 10.9 55 107
16 215 42 22 7.3 10.8 56 105
17 222 45 23 7.0 10.7 64 102
18 230 47 24 6.8 10.4 69 99
19 235 49 25 6.6 10.2 70 98
20 240 51 26 6.5 10.0 72 96
21 250 55 27 6.4 9.8 72 95

PERFORMANCE TARGETS FOR GIRLS DepED Physical Fitness Test Manual

AGE Standing Partial Chair 50 m. Shuttle Sit and 3 min. Step
Long Jump Curl-Ups Push-Ups Sprint Run (sec.) Reach Test (Pulse
(cm.) (sec.) (cm.) Rate in 10
sec. X 6)
15 170 23 12 8.5 12.0 58 103
16 172 24 13 8.5 11.8 63 101
17 175 25 14 8.2 11.5 68 100
18 180 26 14 8.2 11.3 72 98
 19 184 27 15 8.2 11.0 74 96
20 187 30 15 8.0 10.8 75 95
21 190 30 16 8.0 10.5 75 93

Processing Questions:

 What did the result of the Fitness Test reveal about your present fitness level?
 Which tests did you score satisfactorily? Poorly? What should you do about it?
 Which of the two levels of activity intensity did your heart rate fall during the conduct of the
Fitness Test? (Moderate or Vigorous)
 How important is taking your THR when participating in a certain physical activity?

INSTRUCTIONAL ACTIVITIES

Activity 1: Fix Me I’m Broken (on first aid)

Objectives:

 Identify the common injuries that may happen during a sports officiating activity;
 Suggest possible ways to alleviate the suffering of an injured officiating official; and
 Simulate the application of appropriate first aid techniques to specific injuries that may
occur in a sports officiating activity.

Materials/Equipment Needed:

 first aid kit (bandage, elastic bandage, dressing, antiseptics, etc.)

 splints
 stretcher/improvised stretcher
 activity notebook
 whistle
 Manila paper
 pentel pens/markers

Procedure:

 Do your preliminary activities.

o Obtain heart rate at rest.
o 10-15 minute warm-up exercises (static and dynamic stretching exercises).
 o Obtain heart rate after the warm-up activity.
 Group yourselves into 2. Assign a leader for each group. Find a partner within the group.
Label yourself and your partner as A and B, A being the victim or injured official and B
being the first aider.
 Assemble columns, 1 for the As and another for the Bs per group. Bring with you your first
aid kits.
 As your teacher blows the whistle, all As shall pretend to be injured, it is your discretion as
to what injury you would portray. The next whistle signals the Bs to employ appropriate first
aid techniques to their partners who are pretending to be injured. The last whistle signals
you to stop.
o Example: sprain, strain, dislocation and fracture
 Explain your work by pair.
 To unlock difficulties or misconceptions, you are encouraged to read the following readings
on first aid:

Readings: BASIC FIRST AID

First aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been injured or suddenly
taken ill. It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or delayed.

Objectives of First Aid:

● To alleviate suffering
● To prevent added/further injury or danger
● To prolong life

Common Injury Encountered by Officiating Officials and Athletes

SPRAINS HEAT EXHAUSTION

Heat exhaustion is a response to heat
A sprain is caused by torn fibers in a characterized by fatigue, weakness
ligament. Swelling and bruising are and collapse due to inadequate intake
some signs and symptoms. of water to compensate for loss of
fluids during sweating.

FIRST AID
Remove any clothing or jewelry FIRST AID
around the joint. Have the victim lie down with his/her
Apply cold compress at once. feet elevated.
Elevate the affected joint. Keep the victim cool.
The victim’s physician may Give him/her electrolyte beverages to
recommend an over the counter sip or make a salted drink.
anti-inflammatory medication Monitor the victim for signs of shock.
(aspirin, ibuprofen) appropriate If the victim starts having seizures,
for protect him/her from injury and give
the victim’s general health. first aid for convulsions.
If the victim loses consciousness,
give first aid for unconsciousness.
Source: Philippine National Red Cross Safety
Services. (1999). Philippine Red Cross
Standard First Aid.

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 Other serious injuries that require immediate care or first aid include:

Sprains vs. Strains

A sprain is a stretch or tear of a ligament, the band of connective tissues that joins the end of one bone with
another. Sprains are caused by trauma such as a fall or a blow to the body that knocks a joint out of position
and, in the worst case, ruptures the supporting ligaments.

Sprains can range from first degree (minor) to third degree (the worst). Areas of the body most vulnerable to
sprains are ankles, knees and wrists. Signs of a sprain include varying degrees of tenderness or pain,
bruising, inflammation, swelling, inability to move a limb or joint or joint looseness, laxity or instability.

A strain is a twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon - a cord of tissue connecting muscle to bone. It is an
acute, non-contact injury that results from overstretching or over-contraction. Symptoms of a strain include
pain, muscle spasm and loss of strength. While it’s hard to tell the difference between mild and moderate
strains, severe strains not treated professionally can cause damage and loss of function.

Knee Injuries

Because of its complex structure and weight-bearing capacity, the knee is the most commonly injured joint.
Each year, more than 5.5 million people visit orthopaedic surgeons for knee problems.
Knee injuries can range from mild to severe. Less severe would be tendinitis, patella femoral compression
syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome and bursitis, to name a few. More
severe injuries include bone bruises or damage to the cartilage or ligaments. Major injuries are common to the
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), Meniscus injuries, Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), Medial collateral
ligament (MCL) and the Lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Knee injuries can result from a blow or twist to the knee, from improper landing after a jump or from running
too hard, too much or without proper warm up.

Other common sports injuries suffered by athletes are shin splints, Achilles tendon injuries, patella
dislocation and hamstring, quadriceps and calf injuries.

Fractures

A fracture is a break in the bone that can occur from either a quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute
fracture) or from repeated stress to the bone over time (stress fracture).

The most common symptom of a stress fracture is pain at the site that worsens with weight bearing activities.
Tenderness and swelling often accompany the pain. This is very important for the coaches to recognize and
refer the athlete to the trainers or the team physicians.

Dislocations

When the two bones that come together to form a joint become separated, the joint is described as being
dislocated. Contact sports such as football, basketball and lacrosse, as well as high impact sports that can
result in excessive stretching or falling, cause the majority of dislocations. A dislocated joint is an emergency
situation that requires medical treatments.

Home treatment
For sprains and strains

Minor sprains and strains can be treated at home using the following measures. Start treatment as soon as
possible to reduce swelling and speed up recovery. The less swelling, the more blood can get to the injured
part to start the repair process.

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 Apply the R.I.C.E. method.
 Do not apply heat during the first two days as this will only increase swelling.
 Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury, to reduce pain without increasing bleeding.
Thereafter, ibuprofen (or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatories) or aspirin is a good choice. Don't give
aspirin to a child younger than 16 years.
 Apply Arnica oil to reduce swelling.
 Remove rings immediately if the injury is to the hand or fingers.
 After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently, but only enough not to cause pain.
 Gradually increase the range of movement – let pain be your guide.

Strains usually heal in about a week. Sprains may take up to three weeks to heal.

For fractures

 Apply the R.I.C.E method.

 Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding around the broken bones. Splint the
injury with something rigid, such as rolled up newspaper or magazines, to prevent the bones from
shifting. Don't move the broken bones. Splints must be long enough to extend beyond joints above and
below the fracture.
 If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad. Apply pressure to control bleeding. Don't
try to push the bone back into the wound and don't attempt to clean it.
 Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of the femur and pelvis may cause severe internal
bleeding.
 Don't give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed.

See a doctor if:

You suspect a fracture or dislocation or if you are unsure of the severity of a sprain or strain.
 You cannot straighten the affected joint or bear weight on it, or if a joint feels unstable.
 The skin over the injury area is broken
 The limb below the injury feels numb or tingling, or is white, pale or blue in colour, or feels colder
compared to the other healthy limb.
 The ligaments of the knee are injured.
 You injure an area that has been injured several times before.
 Pain is severe or lasts longer than 24 hours, or if swelling doesn't subside within 48 hours.
 A sprain or strain doesn't improve after five to seven days.
 Signs of infection develop.

Prevention

 Many exercise-induced injuries can be prevented. Don't be a "weekend warrior". Get yourself into
shape gradually with a graded exercise programme. Listen to your body. Warm up properly and cool off
after exercising. Use proper equipment and the correct technique.
 Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday life. Don't carry heavy objects. Watch where you
step. Keep your home safe.
 To prevent falls, older adults should keep their muscles strong by exercising or doing tai chi.

R.I.C.E method

 Rest the injured part, especially for the first 24 to 48 hours after the injury – this is the most critical
time of treatment. Avoid any activity that causes pain or makes it worse. Use crutches if the leg, foot or
ankle is injured. Support an injured wrist, arm or shoulder with a sling. Tape an injured toe or finger to its
healthy neighbour.

 Ice is an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain. Apply an ice pack or cold
compress for 10 to 15 minutes as soon as possible after an injury. Repeat each hour for the first 3 or 4
hours, then 4 times a day for the next 2 to 3 days. Protect your skin with a thin cloth. If ice packs are not
available, a packet of frozen vegetables in a cloth will do.
 Compression also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages for at least 2 days. Check that the
bandage is snug, but not too tight. Take the bandage off at night.

 Elevation drains fluids from injured tissues. Elevate the injured area whenever you are sitting or lying
down. Try to keep the injured area at or above the level of the heart.

Sources:

 http://www.webmd.com/first-aid/ankle-sprain-treatment
 http://hssportsblog.projo.com/2006/10/sprains_strains_and_dislocatio.html
 http://www.health24.com/Fitness/Sports-injuries/Sprains-strains-fractures-and-dislocations-20120721

Processing Activity:

 Divide class into 4. Assign a leader to lead your group in answering the following
questions:
 Injuries may happen anytime, anywhere. List at least 3 factors that can
cause injuries.
 Explain why they can lead to injuries.
 How important is knowledge and skills in applying appropriate first aid
techniques to an injured officiating official or athlete?
 Print your shared ideas and let your leader or reporter present your work to the class.
Readings:

Nutrition and Weight

When you consume basically the same number of calories as you expend, your body weight
remains relatively stable. If you want to gain weight, you must manipulate this balance between calories
consumed and calories expended.

Gaining Weight

Some people have difficulty in gaining weight. This can be a result of a higher-than-normal basal
metabolic rate or higher physical activity level. When weight gain is a goal, the focus is on gaining muscle
and not fat weight. To do this in a healthy way, you should consume more frequent meals with healthy
snacks. For example, in addition to three main meals, consume three snacks per day. Consuming about
300 to 500 calories per day more would result in about a 1 pound (0.45 kg) per week weight gain. Healthy
snacks include yogurt, peanut butter and jelly sandwiches, cereal with milk, fruit smoothies and turkey
sandwiches. It is also important to continue to exercise to ensure that the weight gain is mostly muscle. In
particular, resistance training will be an important factor for building muscle. Although it will take some time,
the slower the weight gain, the more likely it will be to be muscle gain not fat or water gain.

Losing weight

Weight loss is a more common goal than weight gain. Losing weight involves a negative energy
balance. This can be achieved by increasing exercise and decreasing caloric intake.
Determining Calorie Needs

What is a Calorie?
A calorie is defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1
degree Celcius. Because this is relatively small amount, scientists use larger unit Calories
(uppercase C), also called a kilocalorie (abbreviated kcal.). The Calorie or kilocalorie, is
1,000 calories.

Total energy expenditure (TEE) is the total number of calories your body needs on a daily basis and is
determined by the following:

 Your basal metabolic rate (BMR)

 The thermic effect of food (also known as dietary-induced thermogenesis)
 The thermic effect of your physical activity

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Basal Metabolic Rate is defined as the energy required to maintain your body at rest (e. g. breathing,
circulation). To precisely determine your BMR, you would need to fast from 8 to 12 hours and then undergo
a laboratory test in which you sit quietly for about 30 minutes while the air you exhale is analyzed. This
determines how many calories you are burning at rest. Basal metabolic rate is 60% to 75% of the total
energy expenditure. Typically, the larger and more muscular the person is, the higher the BMR is.

The Thermic Effect of Food

The thermic effect of food is the energy required to digest and absorb food. The thermic effect is
measured in a similar way as BMR, although the measurement time is usually about four hours after you
consumed a meal. The thermic effect of food is 10% to 15% of your total energy expenditure.

The Thermic Effect of Physical Activity

The thermic effect of activity is the amount of energy required for physical activity. It can be
measured in a laboratory when you are exercising on a stationary bike or treadmill. The thermic effect of
activity is the most variable of the three major components of total energy expenditure because it can be as
low as 15% for sedentary people and as high as 80% for athletes who train six to eight hours per day.

One other component of total energy expenditure that plays a role is non-exercise activity
thermogenesis (NEAT), which is energy expended in unplanned physical activity. This can include taking
the stairs instead of the elevator, sitting on a balance ball at your desk, parking farther from your destination
in a parking lot, fidgeting, and other calorie-burning activities.

Reference: Complete Guide to FITNESS and HEALTH, Barbara Bushman, Ph. D., American College
of Sports Medicine, 2011, pp. 69-70, 76

Maximizing Food Consumption

Consuming an appropriate number of calories and foods from various categories results in optimal
nutrition. The table below shows an age-specific daily calorie and serving size recommendation for grains,
fruits, vegetables, and milk and dairy items for boys and girls. Note that the calorie recommendations in said
table are on an inactive child; about 200 calories would need to be added for a moderately active child and
200 to 400 calories per day for a very physically active child.

Table 9. Daily Estimated Calories and Recommended Servings for Adolescents

Foods 9-13 Years 14-18 Years

Calories 1800 kcal for males; 1600 kcal for 2200 kcal for males; 1800 kcal for
females females

Fat 25% - 35% kcal 25% - 35% kcal

Milk/Dairy 3 cups 3 cups
Lean Meat/Beans 5 oz 6 oz for males;
5 oz for females
Fruits 1.5 cups 2 cups for males;
2.5 cups for females
Vegetables 2.5 cups for males; 3 cups for males;
2 cups for females 2.5 cups for females
6 oz for males; 7 oz for males;
Grains 5 oz for females 6 oz for females

Managing You Weight

Establishing or maintaining a healthy body weight requires an understanding of how the body uses
food to provide energy. In addition, when weight loss is desired, a plan of action is needed for long-term
success.

Energy Balance

Understanding the concept of energy balance (EB) is critical if

you want to understand how body weight is regulated in human beings.
EB in its simplest form simply compares the amount of energy
consumed as food with the amount of energy expended through the
combination of resting metabolism, activities of daily living, and voluntary
physical exercise. The three possible states of EB are positive, negative
and neutral. Positive EB occurs when you consume more energy
(calories) than you expend, resulting in weight gain. Negative EB occurs
when you expend more calories than you consume, resulting in weight
loss. Neutral EB occurs when the amount of calories you consume
equals the amount that you expend.

Estimating Calorie Needs

Probably the first question that comes to mind when contemplating your own body weight is How
many calories do I need? There are sophisticated laboratory techniques to estimate this, but these tests are
not practical for most people. Table 4 of this module includes one simple method of estimating needed
calories based on body weight and activity level. An alternative method devised by the U. S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) estimates energy needs based on sex, age and activity level. Refer to the table below:

Table 8. Estimated Calorie Needs Based on Sex, Age and Activity Level of
Adolescents

MALES FEMALES
Age Activity Level** Age Activity Level**
Sedentary Moderately Active Sedentary Moderately Active
Active Active
12 1800 2200 2400 12 1600 2000 2200
13 2000 2200 2600 13 1600 2000 2200
14 2000 2400 2800 14 1800 2000 2400
15 2200 2600 3000 15 1800 2000 2400
16 2400 2800 3200 16 1800 2000 2400
17 2400 2800 3200 17 1800 2000 2400
18 2400 2800 3200 18 1800 2000 2400
19-20 2600 2800 3000 19-20 2000 2000 2400
21-25 2400 2800 3000 21-25 2000 2000 2400
 PART II:
Welcome to the What to Process part of your lesson! You will be given activities to display
and enhance your skills in sports officiating at the same time formulate your
understandings as regards the benefits of such activities to your fitness and well-being. As
you go on and overcome the challenges provided for you, you will learn that together,
sports officiating activities will be more fun and exciting, without knowing that you are at
the same time improving your fitness and your sense of community.

Activity 1: Human Basketball

Objectives:

 Play the “human basketball” game;

 Implement the rules of the “human basketball” game through officiating;
 Exhibit timely and precise judgment, command and fitness during the conduct of the
“human basketball” game; and
 Relate the importance of the role of an officiating official to the success of a game.

Materials/Equipment Needed:

 Activity notebook
 Calculator
 Playing area (probably a basketball court if there’s any)
 Basketball ball
 Score board and chalk/marker
  Whistle
 Manila paper
 Marker or pentel pens
 Coloring materials

Procedure:

 Do your preliminary activities.

o Obtain heart rate at rest.
o 10-15 minute warm-up exercises (static and dynamic stretching exercises).
o Obtain heart rate after the warm-up activity.
 Divide your class into 4 groups. Assign team captain.
 You will be playing a game. It is dubbed as “human basketball.” It is different from the
regular basketball that you know. Supposing there are 8 players in your team playing on
court. Others who will not play will stay at the area designated to your group (bench, in this
case) while waiting for substitution. Four members will be playing, 1 will serve as the basket
for your opponents to shoot the ball, the final 3 will serve as guards to stay around the
human basket with which your team will shoot and earn points. To move the ball from 1
player to another, pass it. Your team is allowed, in a team to dribble the ball 3 times only.

 Refer to the following diagram:

YOUR COURT OPPONENT’S COURT

To play offense (pass/shoot)

Your ring/basket To play defense/guards

Rules of the Game

Number of players per team 8
Objective of the game To shoot the ball to your basket, guarded by 3
defensive players from the opposing team
Game duration 5 minutes
Scoring system 1 point per shot
Violations dribbling the ball more than 3 times per team,
stepping on the line, ball out of bounds (lose ball),
and misconduct

Substitution Unlimited (on ball possession)

Time-outs 15 seconds (on ball possession)
Starting the game Toss coin
 Officiating Officials:

Referee 2 (to whistle when a score is made, substitution, time-out, or when a

violation is committed and ball possession is reversed)

Scorer 1 (to record scores of each team)

Linesmen 4 (to watch line assignment and raise flag once a violation is
committed)

Time Keeper 1 (To track the time per game and time-outs)

Schedule of games and officiating:

Schedule of Games and Officiating

Game # Grp. 1 Grp. 2 Grp. 3 Grp. 4

Game 1 Play Play Officiate Observe

Game 2 Officiate Observe Play Play

Play Play
Game 3 Observe (Winner 1) (Winner 2) Officiate

A (Group I)

Game 1 Winner 1

B (Group II)

Game 3 Champion

C (Group III)

Processing Activity:

 Gather in discussion formation by group.

 Share your ideas on the following questions:
a. How did you feel about the game?
b. What observations have you noticed while games were going on?
c. If there were no rules of the game, what do you think might have happened? Why?
d. Were the roles of the officiating officials necessary in the smooth conduct of the
games? Justify your answer.
e. What qualities should an officiating official possess? Why do you say so?

Readings:

Qualities of an Officiating Official:

The role of an official is very crucial in a sporting endeavor. He defines the success or failure of a
certain physical activity. It is therefore necessary for an aspiring officiating official to possess a number of
qualities for him to meet the goal of having a satisfying, complain-free, impartial, and successful game. The
following are some of the qualities to be considered:

 Physical Qualities
 Emotional Qualities
 Mental Qualities
 Social Qualities

Physical Qualities
 These qualities refer to the physical attributes of an officiating official. Since an officiating official
needs to catch up with every detail of what the athletes or players do oncourt, he needs to have a high level
of fitness to be able to perform his job. To determine his level of fitness he or she has to consider the
following:

Physical Fitness

As has been defined in preceding modules in Physical Education, physical fitness is the capacity of
an individual to perform his or her daily tasks without undue fatigue and still has extra energy for recreation
and emergencies. Physical fitness is not achieved overnight. One must work on with elevating his own level
of fitness if he or she has to perform better in his chosen field of endeavor. Several ways to determine one’s
fitness which are basis in improving it include:

o Body Mass Index

o PMHR and THR (Personal Maximal Heart Rate and Training Heart Rate)
o Fitness or Exercise Program
o Nutrition and weight

management Emotional Qualities

These qualities refer to the emotional readiness of an officiating official to perform his or her role in a
game. He or she might have mastered all the rules and possesses a high level of fitness but if the emotional
attributes don’t warrant him or her to perform the duties and responsibilities of an officiating official, failure is
expected. Emotional attributes that an officiating official should possess include confidence. It is having
belief in oneself. Confidence can be situation-specific, but practicing it through actual game immersions and
observations of game officiating activities can help improve it.

Mental Qualities

Just as physical and emotional qualities are essential, mental characteristics are also equally
necessary. Mental toughness is the term used to refer to all of the qualities pertaining to one’s mental
preparations in officiating a game. To be mentally tough requires one to stay focused, regulate one’s
performance, ability to handle pressure, awareness and control of thoughts and feelings and one’s command
and control of the environment. This can be achieved by having a thorough knowledge on the rules of the
game, alertness, vigilance which result to timely, decisive, honest and impartial judgment. Decisiveness
results to integrity of the result of the game leading to a satisfying result and acceptance of success and
failure for both competiting teams or players.

Social Qualities

Social qualities refer to the ability to deal with others at any given situation. Complaints are
inevitable in a game. It is the ability of an officiating official to settle disputes without sacrificing the integrity
of a game and the officiating team. To develop such qualities requires practice just as the emotional
qualities do. Surrounding oneself with people who make wise decisions especially in officiating endeavors
might help one improve his or her decision-making skills.
Source: http://www.lancssundayleague.co.uk/downloads/FA%20Referees%20Fitness%20Guide.pdf

Processing Activity:

 With same groups, you will be distributed with pieces of manila paper and markers.
 Considering the previous readings on the qualities of an officiating official, draw on the
manila paper the picture of your ideal officiating official.
 Ready? Set. Go! (2 minutes)
 This time, let’s find out what characterizes your ideal officiating official.
(individual or group presentation)

Activity 2: Synchronized Hand Signals

Objectives:

 Demonstrate correct hand signals of referees in basketball, volleyball, and football with
mastery;
 Exhibit quick/sharp judgment calls while officiating a game; and
 Realize the value of high level fitness in sports officiating.

Materials/Equipment Needed:
 Activity notebook
 Whistle
 Calculator
 Playing area (probably a basketball court if there’s any)
 Visual materials (hand signals of referees in basketball, volleyball, and football)
 Flashcards indicating the term for the hand signals in each of the 3 sport
 Score board and chalk/marker
 Markers or pentel pens

Procedure:

 Do your preliminary activities:

o Obtain heart rate at rest.
o 10-15 minute warm-up exercises (static and dynamic stretching exercises).
o Obtain heart rate after the warm-up activity.
 Group class into 3. Select a leader per group. Leaders will draw lots to designate which
sport will be assigned to them.

Example Sports Assignment per Group:

a. Group 1 Basketball
b. Group 2 Volleyball
c. Group3 Football

 You will be provided with illustrations of hand signals of referees of your respective sport
assignment for you to master within 10 minutes.
 After 10 minutes, Group 1’s mastery will be assessed first, followed by Groups 2 and 3.
 In group formation, you will be shown a sequence of 10 flashcards indicating the hand
signal to be executed in synchrony by your group. Upon whistle is given, execute with your
group mates the given hand signal then freeze for 2 to 3 seconds. 2 points will be given to
a correctly, timely performed hand signal.
 The group with most points, wins the game.

Referees’ Hand Signals:

A. Basketball:
Source: basketball hand signals-www.nba.com

Volleyball:
Source: www.picstopin.com
B. Football:
Source: www.thefootballgirl.com

Processing Questions:

 What went well? What went wrong?

 Why is there a need to give precise and immediate calls when officiating a game?
 What limits an officiating official from giving precise and immediate calls?
 How can one improve his or her officiating skills in terms of precision and immediacy?

III. WHAT TO REFLECT and UNDERSTAND

In this part of your lesson, you will go deeper and further. You will be given
opportunities to reflect and understand the relevance of officiating to your fitness and
well-being. Activities will be provided for you to integrate weight management,
healthy lifestyle and officiating and its fitness benefits which will in turn be beneficial
for you and your community.
 ACTIVITY 1: Fuel Up

In the previous stages, you have found out the nutritional requirements of an official
and its influence to one’s performance. In this activity, you will consider yourself an official
and prepare a balanced meal for you.

Objective:


Prepare a balanced meal for a sports official based on his/her nutritional
requirements.
You will need:

 Paper plate or improvised paper plate

 Cut out picture of food and drinks
 Paste/glue
 Scissors
 Pencil and Coloring materials

Here’s how:
1. Choose a sport that you want to officiate.
2. Review the nutritional requirements and the
fitness components needed by the official in the
chosen sport.
Consider yourself an official of the chosen sport,
paste/draw on your paper plate the food and
drinks you plan to take regularly.

3. Make your work presentable and be

guided with the following criteria:

CATEGORY Advance- 4 Proficient- 3 Approaching Proficiency-2 Developing-1
Creativity Several of the graphics or One or two of the One or two graphics or The student does not
Suggested Rubric
objects used reflect an graphics or objects objects are made or make or customize any
exceptional degree of student reflect student creativity customized by the of the items
creativity in their creation and/or in their creation and/or student, but the ideas
display display. are typical rather than
creative

Time and Effort Class time is used wisely. Much Class time is used Class time is not always Class time is not used
time and effort go into the wisely. Student can used wisely, but student wisely and the student
planning and design. have put in more time does some additional put in no additional
and effort at home. work at home. effort.

Accuracy and The student gives a reasonable The student gives a The student gives a The student\'s
ability to defend explanation of how every item is reasonable explanation fairly reasonable explanations are weak
work accurate to the basis. For most of how most items are explanation of how most and illustrate difficulty
items, the relationship is clear related to the basis. For items related to the inunderstanding how to
without explanation. many of the items, the basis. relate items to basis..
relationship is clear
without explanation.
4. Present it to class, support it with a brief explanation and be ready to answer the
questions of your classmates and teacher.

Processing Questions:
1. How did you feel about the activity?
2. What were your considerations in identifying food to eat?
3. How is it different from your daily menu?
4. How does nutrition affect one’s officiating performance?
5. Is it really necessary that an official is of normal nutritional status? Why and why not?

Remember…
Good nutritional status is needed for an official to do his/her duties and
responsibilities effectively and efficiently.

Activity 2: Officiating is a Good Thing!

In this part, your creativity to illustrate ideas in a creative and comprehensible way
will be challenged.

Objective:

 Present in a creative way the importance of officiating in improving and sustaining

one’s fitness

You will need:

For Graphic Organizer:

 Copy of the reading on the rewards and satisfaction of officiating
 Pencil
 Coloring materials
 Pentel pen
 Other art materials

For Powerpoint/Multimedia Presentation:

 Copy of the reading on the rewards and satisfaction of officiating
 Computer/lLaptops
 Audio-Visual Set
Here’s how:

1. Read the articles on the rewards and satisfaction of officiating.

Rewards and Satisfactions
By: Jenni Malsam, Iowa HS Athletic Assn. and Iowa Girls HS Athletic Union (30 yrs);
Former HS Soccer-Basketball-Volleyball Official.

The NFHS Interscholastic Soccer Referee who continues to officiate over a long period of time does so for
a variety of reasons. Many feel the motivation to continue their involvement, but not all try to identify the
reasons they continue to officiate.

If you were asked why you continue to referee, what would you answer? Perhaps: for the fun, for the
excitement, for the opportunity to continue in soccer, or perhaps for another other reason that makes sense
to you? These may be among the more common reasons given. However, if you take the time to think
about and analyze all of the possible reasons, you could probably identify a great number of additional
rewards, satisfactions and benefits that you really derive from your activity as an Interscholastic Soccer
Referee.

In this short discussion, we’ll try to identify what your high school soccer refereeing means in terms of some
of the possible rewards, satisfactions and benefits that you can realize through your participation.
What are the rewards and satisfactions?

I believe that there are three major types of rewards and satisfactions you realize that result from
participation as an Interscholastic Soccer Referee: physical fitness, mental fitness and attitude, and social
networking and people skills.

Physical Fitness

This includes such things as improved: general health, weight control,

stamina, reflexes, higher energy levels, posture, and stature.

Comment: While not every referee realizes these at the

same levels, yet you should be able to feel that you
have seen some of each improve in yourself. The key
behavior that generates these physical fitness benefits is to
adopt a regular program of personal fitness conditioning that
every successful Interscholastic Soccer Referee learns to
develop and follow throughout his or her officiating career.
Physical fitness is critical to successful officiating
performance. The personal benefits are a by-product, and
are probably more beneficial that most officials realize.

Mental Fitness

The obvious benefits include: positive disposition, better mental reflexes, decisiveness, alertness,
prolonging a youthful bearing, a steadier temperament, perseverance, and increased determination.

Comment: Think back on your career to date. Can you recognize an improvement in any of these qualities
in your own experience? This fund of mental fitness is generated in several ways. The study of, and
constant practice of, rules applications, interpretations and decisions while officiating strengthens such
qualities as alertness, sharpness and decisiveness. The practice of continually making decisions, both
discretionary and factual, help sharpen your mental reflexes, decisiveness, determination, and alertness.
The continual exposure to the challenge of competition and managing the high school soccer game
participants strengthens such qualities as positive disposition, decisiveness, prolonging youthful bearing,
perseverance and determination.

Mental Attitude

This important attribute includes: the satisfaction of meeting constant, game-by-game challenges, a
heightened sense of accomplishment as each successfully controlled game is experienced, the feeling of
making a contribution to the game, the sense of providing an important service to others, honing your
people- and game-management skills, acknowledgement of a job well done by others and in yourself, and
the ability to develop the sense of dedication it takes for you to attain competency.

Comment: Many of these personal qualities are acquired and strengthened throughout your refereeing
experience. The self-satisfaction of meeting the considerable challenge of competent refereeing, the well-
deserved sense of accomplishment after each contest, and the satisfaction of serving the sport and making
a positive contribution to each contest are continually experienced in your activities. Perhaps a most
important factor, and one sometimes overlooked, is the benefits you acquire through being able to transfer
into your daily lives and activities such qualities as management skills, dedication to a task, and the self-
assurance in your performance.
Social Rewards and Satisfactions of Networking

In short, networking is the virtual web of people contacts that we make, enjoy, and benefit from throughout
our Interscholastic Referee careers.

Comment: Through networking we establish lifelong professional contacts and friendships. These enhance
and help us enjoy our soccer activities, and allow us to get to know interesting sports figures. All of these
result in our personal professional development. These benefits are among the most rewarding that we
receive because of our involvement. Many of us refer to interscholastic soccer refereeing as an avocation,
simply because it is not a full-time job, but rather an activity we pursue as our time, and the game
assignments that are available, permit. However, we realize that it is a challenging profession, and as such
helps us to develop all of the professional attributes required for successful performance of any career
pursuit. The professional development opportunities and the sharing with others in our chosen profession
yield benefits important to our daily life experiences. Consider what we experience through networking with
all of the people we come into contact with.

First, we establish many life-long professional contacts, friendships, and acquaintances with many talented
and competent individuals, whether it be Referee colleagues, school administrators, educators, sports
administrators, and sports figures. We tend to meet and mix with these people not only through the games
we referee, but also through local group meetings, training sessions, attending special soccer-related
events, and through personal contact with such specialists as Assessors, Mentors, Assigners, and
Instructors. Also, the fun of associating with other Referees who regard their own soccer refereeing as an
opportunity to excel often result in our own desire to improve being motivated.

By pursuing personal development activities to strengthen our soccer refereeing skills, we meet and are
exposed to a variety of knowledgeable people who share their perceptions of the game and participants.
Along the way our own understanding and enjoyment of high school soccer grows and enhances the
career experience significantly.

Social Rewards and Satisfactions – People Skills

Comment: These include: communication skills, a sense of humor, increased sensibilities, improved
sociability, refined demeanor, and positive self-esteem. Your ability to interact successfully with other
people is significantly improved. Continual interaction during games with countless numbers of individuals,
all with different personality and behavior traits, while under a variety of circumstances both positive and
challenging, help you to develop a uniquely successful ability with people, perhaps more than in many
other professions.

Summary: There are many specific rewards that you realize as a result of your participation in high school
soccer refereeing. While every high school soccer referee may not necessarily experience every one of
those mentioned in this article, you have probably benefited from most of those covered here. The fuller
you participate, and the more you take a professional attitude towards learning and practicing the elements
of being a successful Interscholastic Referee, the more and longer you will enjoy these “dividends” of your
avocation.

2. Form a group of 3-5 members.

3. Decide within your group on how to present the benefits of officiating to fitness
either through graphic organizer or any multimedia presentation.
4. Be guided with the following questions in making your creative presentation:

a. What are the fitness components being developed in officiating?

b. Identify sport-situation where that component is needed.
c. What are the other benefits of officiating?

5. Be guided with the following criteria:

 Suggested Rubric
Approaching Proficiency-
CATEGORY Advance- 4 Proficient- 3 2 Developing-1
Content – Accuracy All content throughout the Most of the content is The content is generally Content is typically
presentation is accurate. accurate but there is accurate, but one piece confusing or contains
There are no factual errors. one piece of information of information is clearly more than one factual
that might be flawed or inaccurate. error.
inaccurate.
Originality Presentation shows Presentation shows Presentation shows an Presentation is a rehash
considerable originality and some originality and attempt at originality and of other people\'s ideas
inventiveness. The content inventiveness. The inventiveness on 1-2 and/or graphics and
and ideas are presented in a content and ideas are cards. shows very little attempt
unique and interesting way. presented in an at original thought.
interesting way.
Cooperation Group delegates tasks and Group delegates tasks Group delegates tasks Group often is not
shares responsibility and shares and shares effective in delegating
effectively all of the time. responsibility effectively responsibility effectively tasks and/or sharing
most of the time. some of the time. responsibility.

6. Present it to class, support it with a brief explanation and be ready to answer the
questions of your classmates and teacher.

Remember…
Officiating is an enjoyable way of
improving one’s fitness.
It takes a healthy and fit official to
smoothly and fairly run a sports
competition.

ACTIVITY 3: Ethics and Legality…

In this activity, you will be given the chance to empathize and share your
perspective on matters relating to officiating.

Objective:

Share perspective on issues relating to code of conduct and ethical standards of

sports official.
You will need:

 Pen and paper

Here’s how:
1. Read and understand the case on referees’ corruption.
 Details of soccer referees' corruption case revealed
(Xinhua)
Updated: 2011-03-30 22:52
BEIJING - China disclosed on Wednesday the public details of the corruption cases of three Chinese
soccer referees, including Lu Jun, who has been referred to in the past as China's best soccer referee.

The three soccer referees Lu Jun, Huang Junjie and Zhou Weixin were arrested on charges of taking
bribes last year. It was learned that prior to a match between the Shanghai International and
Shanghai Shenhua teams on November 9, 2003, Zhang Jianqiang, a former official of the China
Football Association (CFA) asked Lu Jun to call the game in Shanghai Shenhua's favor, promising
that commissions would be paid to him and other referees if Shanghai Shenhua won the game.

Shanghai International and Shanghai Shenhua were both favorites for 2003's domestic league
championship games. The two teams had top ranking in the league table before that match.
The match was broadcast on live television, which made difficult for referees to favor one side over
another. Lu Jun later confessed that he tried to give "emotional care" to Shenhua players by treating
them less strictly.

Shanghai Shenhua successfully overtook Shanghai International in the league table after a 4 to 1
victory in that match. Shanghai Shenhua went on to win that year's domestic league championship.
"Shanghai Shenhua later brought commissions worth 700,000 yuan ($106,774)to my office. Lu and I
each got 350,000 yuan ($53,387)," Zhang Jianqiang confessed. Zhang was arrested for alleged
match-fixing and bribery in March 2010.

Lu refereed more than 200 matches in the domestic league over the course of his career. He was also
the first Chinese to referee at the World Cup.

Details of Huang Junjie and Zhou Weixin's corruption cases were also revealed on Wednesday. Both
were found to have made unfair calls that affected match outcomes after being promised
commissions.

"Our investigation found that it was a common practice for football clubs to give bribes to referees,"
said Cui Weidong, an official in charge of the case."Football clubs gave bribes to referees through a
variety of means. On most occasions, they gave cash directly and the amounts varied according to the
importance of the game," Cui added.
China has been cracking down on match-fixing scandals and gambling since November 2009, when a
new initiative was made to bear down on these illegal activities.

Nan Yong and Yang Yimin, both former vice chairmen of the CFA, were arrested for alleged match-
fixing and bribery last March. Xie Yalong, another former vice president of the CFA was arrested for
bribery last October. Soccer insiders have stated that an anti-corruption supervision mechanism
should be put into place to guard against match-fixing scandals and gambling.
www.chingdaily.com.cn/sports/2011-03/content-12252463.htm

2. Review the ethical and legal standards of officiating.

Readings: Ethics and Guidelines

Source: Bill Koch; BC Athletics Official Ethics and Guidelines for Conduct, 2011

When we register as officials, and volunteer to work at events, we agree to uphold these values, and follow
the related guidelines listed in each section.

A. Be a Benefit and Cause No Harm

A primary value of officiating is to provide a benefit to those with whom one interacts in the competition area
(athletes, coaches, spectators, volunteers, and other officials). A related value is to do no harm.
 Officials will….
1. Conduct the event according to the rules with the welfare of the athlete in mind.
2. Strive to benefit each athlete in events he/she officiates. This includes helping very young athletes to
understand relevant rules (e.g., correct starting stance in sprints), helping with equipment (e.g.,
starting blocks, throwing implements) and helping athletes at all ages achieve their best possible results.
3. Warn and strive to educate athletes in a polite manner if he/she witnesses athletes engaged in illegal or
dangerous activity (e.g., unsafe throwing style or illegal starting position) during warm-ups for an event.
4. Extend the benefit of their experience to the less experienced officials and volunteers whenever the
opportunity arises. This includes gently advising them about rules or about ways to perform their
duties more efficiently and accurately.
5. Without hindering their own duties or the welfare of athletes, help spectators enjoy the event through
suggestion of the best and safest observation areas, explain rules when asked, and otherwise act to
enhance the entertainment value of the event.

Officials will not……

1. Intentionally disadvantage an athlete because of previous bad experiences with the athlete, his/her
coach or parent.
2. Disqualify an athlete from an event without serious consideration of alternatives (e.g., warnings).
3. Needlessly distract, or otherwise interfere with athletes during their competition.
4. Unduly restrict the activities of coaches or spectators unless such activities constitute a rules violation or
would harm the welfare of athletes.

B. Be Accurate and Responsible

These values mean that officials should strive for accuracy and consistency in their officiating actions, as well
being dependable and trustworthy in their work as officials. The latter implies that officials should accept the
responsibility for their errors that may affect competitions, and work to increase or sustain others’ (athletes,
coaches, spectators, other officials) trust.

Officials will….
1. Arrive in good time for the competition and report immediately to the official in charge.
2. Be fully prepared to do the job assigned to them.
3. Be ready at appropriate start times for individual events they are to officiate.
4. Draw all the necessary equipment for the running of the event and ensure that it is returned upon
completion of the competition.
5. Maintain up to date knowledge of measurement (e.g., timing systems) devices and procedures
necessary in their specialty.
6. Correct their errors (e.g., measurement errors, mistaken calls) promptly and consult appropriately with
other officials or supervising officials in the event of errors.
7. Educate themselves on a regular basis about rule changes that may affect their specialty (e.g., false
start rules).

Officials will not……

1. Purposely evade responsibility for officiating errors.
2. Alter competition records to reflect inaccurate results.
3. Negligently destroy or lose competition equipment.
4. Needlessly delay competitions.

C. Be supportive of other participants and loyal to our Sport Organizations.

Officials should exhibit loyalty and politeness towards BC Athletics, Athletics Canada, and other
organizations to which the official belongs or is representing in the context of a competition. They should
extend such loyalty and politeness to individuals involved in athletics at all levels.

Officials will……
1. Speak to and about athletes, other officials, volunteers, coaches and representatives of sport
organizations with customary politeness.
Officials will not……
1. Publically disparage athletic organizations (e.g., clubs, schools, BC Athletics, Athletics Canada) or other
participants.

D. Act with Integrity

Integrity refers to firm adherence to an ethical code as well as to the absence of impairment or disability.
This implies that officials will (a) not allow their judgment to be adversely influenced by personal loyalties or
personal gain, (b) will adhere whenever possible to the specifics of this ethical code, and (c) will avoid
officiating when their mental or physical competence may be impaired (e.g., through physical illness,
emotional distress, or some other personal limitation).

Officials will….
1. Recognize when he/she has a conflict of interest in an event he/she is officiating and will take reasonable
steps to eliminate such conflicts (e.g., have a different official start a race in which his/her own family
member or athlete is performing).
2. Will recognize when his/her personal weaknesses (e.g., personal or family stress, proneness to
irritability) may interfere with officiating and will take steps to prevent such interference.

Officials will not……

1. Act to the advantage of athletes or clubs to which he/she has a personal connection.
2. Purposefully act against any of the values listed in this code of conduct.
3. Knowingly officiate in an event when he/she is intoxicated on any substance.

E. Act with Fairness

Fairness refers to performing one’s duties in an unbiased manner. This implies that officials will act in a
manner that does not create advantage or disadvantage to any athlete or club.

Officials will….
1. Perform evaluations for other officials, when requested, in an objective way and without friendships
or personal differences in mind.
2. Provide the same quality of advice or benefit of the doubt when dealing with athletes, independent of any
friendships or other personal relationships.
3. Bear in mind their own possible biases when a potential conflict of interest presents itself (e.g., one’s
own athlete is competing in an event one is officiating).
4. When feasible, turn over their duties to another similarly qualified official when a conflict of interest
presents itself and the stakes appear high.

Officials will not……

1. Knowingly, and with available alternatives, make critical decisions in an event in which they have a
personal stake (e.g., an athlete for whom the official is a coach or family member). This recognizes that at
times there will be no other alternative – i.e., only one chief judge or starter available for an event in which
one’s own athlete is competing.

F. Show Respect for Participants’ Rights and Dignity

Officials have the duty to respect individual athletes or other parties at competitions, independent of cultural,
ethnic, gender, age, or other characteristics of the individual that may set the other person apart from the
official’s own background and sense of familiarity. Although this is usually meant to prevent discrimination on
the basis of gender, ethnicity, or disability (all areas of human diversity that are associated with human rights
legislation), it also applies to areas of diversity such as age or experience in the athletic event or officiating
task. Thus, it applies to treating very young (and thus immature) athletes and less experienced (and thus
less competent) officials or volunteers in a dignified and respectful manner.

Officials will….
1. Respect the dignity of athletes, other officials and volunteers, coaches, and spectators.
2. Work in a spirit of cooperation with other officials and not interfere in any way with
their responsibilities.
3. Criticize in a constructive manner, and at an appropriate time, directly to the official concerned.
4. Understand that some athletes, officials, or volunteers, by reason of their youth, possible disabilities,
or inexperience may require enhanced instruction or guidance, within the limits of the no assistance in
the competition area rule.
5. In such cases of youth, inexperience, or disability, provide instruction in a polite and considerate manner.
6. Treat athletes with equal respect and dignity independent of their ethnicity, gender, age,
religion, nationality, or other personal characteristics unrelated to the athletic event.
7. Uphold the BC Athletics Harassment Policy.

Officials will not……

1. Harass others (officials, athletes, coaches, etc.). Harassment involves engaging in any improper
behaviour toward another person that one knows or ought to know would be unwelcome. Harassing
behaviours can include written or verbal abuse or threats, unwelcome jokes, remarks or taunts.
2. Use the occasion of a rules infraction as an opportunity to publically embarrass or chastise an athlete.
3. Use the occasion of an officiating error as an opportunity to publically embarrass or chastise an official.

G. Exhibit Professionalism

Professionalism means exhibiting a courteous, conscientious, and generally business-like manner in the
workplace (including volunteer workplace). Applied to athletics officials, it means that officials, as part of their
volunteer duties, will conform to reasonable technical standards of their area of practice (e.g., starter, track
umpire, throws judge) as well as to any ethical standards that govern them.

Officials will….
1. Conform to reasonable technical standards of their area of practice (e.g., starter, track umpire, throws

2. judge) as well as to any ethical standards that govern them.

3. Be conscientious and business-like (as opposed to cavalier) in carrying out their duties.
4. Conduct the event that they are officiating in an efficient and non-abrasive manner.
5. Be courteous (not irritable, not dismissive or insulting) to athletes, coaches, spectators, as well as
other officials and volunteers.
6. Wear the accepted uniform as outlined by the National Officials Committee or by the organizing
committee for the individual competition.
7. Treat complaints, questions, concerns, or appeals raised by others (e.g., athletes, coaches, spectators,
other officials) with consideration and politeness.
8. Act in a manner that will bring credit to the Athletics community and themselves, both within and outside
the competition area and/or arena.

Officials will not……

1. Use profane, insulting, harassing or otherwise offensive language in the conduct of their duties.
2. Dismiss appeals, questions, or complaints from athletes, coaches or spectators in a dismissive or
cavalier manner.
3. Target any other official, athlete, volunteer, coach, or spectator as an object of ridicule, harassment,
or malicious gossip.

H. Model Appropriate Health Habits

This value presumes that athleticism is part of a generally healthy lifestyle, and that BC Athletics and
Athletics Canada encourage not only athletic competition, but enhanced health in their members and in the
general public.

Officials will….
1. Exhibit a polite and relaxed manner when conducting their duties.
2. When stressed or distracted by personal issues, seek help from other officials to ensure the event
proceeds smoothly and their own distress does not disrupt the athletic event.
3. Seek appropriate professional help if their personal or emotional difficulties begin to routinely interfere
with their officiating performance.

Officials will not……

1. Allow their own emotional distress (e.g., irritability, feelings of time pressure, personal problems outside
the athletic arena) to impact on their officiating behaviour.
2. Use tobacco products within the competition arena and/or competition area.
3. Enter the competition area and/or arena under the influence of alcohol or other mind-altering drugs.

I. Adhere to Legal Standards

This means obeying the law (e.g., criminal code of Canada, human rights codes, and IAAF or other rules of
competition).
Officials will….
1. Willingly and promptly consent to a criminal records search as required by the sports organization.
2. Report criminal acts to a legal authority

Officials will not……

1. Provide underage athletes with alcohol
2. Provide an athlete with illegal substances.
3. Advocate or condone the use of drugs or other banned performance enhancing substances, classes,
or methods.

J. Protect Vulnerable Persons

In our society, we now recognize that some individuals (e.g., persons with disabilities) are more vulnerable to
poor treatment because of their relative youth, mental or physical disability, or other characteristics that place
them at a disadvantage. This code of conduct recognizes that such individuals may require special attention.

Officials will….
1. Use methods that maximize the understanding of rules and competition procedures of persons of
diminished capacity. This may include repetition of instructions at the beginning of an event, including
the guardian or coach of a vulnerable athlete in the instructions, within the limits of competition rules.
2. Be particularly cautious in establishing the understanding of rules and procedures with persons of
diminished capacity.

Officials will not……

1. Discriminate against vulnerable persons (e.g., Special Olympics athletes) either verbally or through
their actions in a competition area.
2. Disparage or patronize vulnerable persons in any way.

3. Answer the processing questions:

 What ethical and standards were violated by the referees?

 What do you think were the reasons of the referees for doing the
action?
 If you were the referee, what would you do?
 How do you feel for the losing team?
 How do you feel for the winning team?
 How do you feel for the referees?
 In what other real-life situation can the values in officiating be applied?
ACTIVITY 3: Sum It Up!

In this activity, you will generalize all your learnings in the previous activities.

Objective:

 Give a summary on the benefits of officiating to fitness and vice versa

You will need:

 Pen and paper

Here’s how:

1. Review all the readings you had in the previous lessons.

2. Cite a generalization by filling in the blank to complete the sentences:

a. Through officiating,
but official must in
order to have a healthy and quality life.

b. A fit official
.

ACTIVITY 4: If I were a…

In this activity, you will give your personal point of view on what you value most.

Objective:
 Explain the things that you value most in a sports official

You will need:

 Pen and paper

Here’s how:
1. Listed are the characteristics and values of an official. Review them properly.

SUPPORTIVE RESPECTFUL PROFESSIONAL

ACCURATE RESPONSIBLE
INTEGRITY HONESTY LEGAL
FAIRNESS LOYALTY
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
 2. Answer the following questions:

 If you were an official, which of the values and characteristics should you
possess for the rest of your life? Why?
 Which of the values and characteristics is the most important for an
official to possess? Why?

Remember…
A healthy official lives a healthy lifestyle.

IV.WHAT TO TRANSFER

In this phase, you will be challenged to apply things you learned about the
lesson into another context. Your understanding of the lesson will be measured by
your ability to provide tangible results or evidence of your learning.

ACTIVITY 1: Officiate It!

In this activity, you will extend your fitness development to your immediate
community. You will be provided with an opportunity to maximize the knowledge and skills
together with the understandings you have acquired in influencing your community with
the value of officiating in improving fitness and wellness.

Objectives:
 Officiate a community game
 Influence the community’s awareness of the value officiating in improving one’s
fitness

You will need:

 Equipment needed of the chosen sport

 Officiating equipment of the chosen sport
Here’s how:
1. You will now extend your fitness commitment to the community as one class. But
don’t worry because your teacher will assist you in realizing your goals in this
activity.
2. Your class is provided with a GRASPS template to guide you with your final
performance. GRASPS stands for Goal, Role, Audience, Situation, Product and
Standard. Read it carefully.

Goal: To officiate a sport competition in your school or in a community.

Role: Official/Member of the Management Team

Audience: School/Community

Situation: A group of students will play a certain sport and they need officials to
manage the game.

Product: A smoothly and fairly managed/officiated game.

Standard: Your work will be rated according to the following criteria: time-management,
quality of work, focus on the task, attitudes, monitors group effectiveness, working
with others and contributions.

3. Plan carefully with your class. Assign each classmate with a task and discuss how
to do it.
4. Present your plan and program of activities to your teacher.
SUMMARY/SYNTHESIS/FEEDBACK

Sports is a very wide field, composed of several dynamic people and events interacting with
one another. It is a popular activity of most people for its characteristics of being fun, exciting and
challenging to its participants. But our idea of sports participation is mostly limited on the players’
role in the sports fields perhaps, it is the one being highlighted during competitions. But there is
more to sports than just being a player, and that is officiating.

Officiating is an important part of any sports activity whether it is competitive or recreational.

It helps in making the activity more challenging and fun. Good officiating results to good game and
good game provides better entertainment.

Sports’ officiating is not just the "judge role in the court." More importantly, it benefits us by
improving our fitness. Participation in physical activities such as officiating coupled with healthy
lifestyle will surely lead us to attaining and sustaining a quality and a healthy life.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer.

1. What system in sports is used to maintain order and fairness in implementing rules?

A. Sports Officiating C. Sports Science

B. Sports Psychology D. Sports Youth

2. In games which require the official to run continuously, what fitness component should the
official possess?

A. Balance B. Endurance C. Power D. Strength

3. For sports officials to have lean muscles, what type of food should they eat?
A. Carbohydrates B. Fats C. Iron D. Protein

4. Hydration is important in officiating especially in running continuously for long minutes. Sports
officials do not have the luxury of a time out. If they want to hydrate their body, what's the best
drink to take?

A. Energy Drinks
B. Soft drinks
C. Sports Drink
D. Water

5. What lifestyle-related disease will an official have if he/she continues to smoke and eat without
cholesterol-rich foods?

A. Cancer
B. Diabetes
C. Heart Disease
D. Stroke

6. Sports officials mostly use their arms for signalling. What fitness component will be developed
with this regular movement?

A. Cardio Vascular Endurance

 B. Muscular Endurance
C. Flexibility
D. D. Muscular Strength

7. Aside from improper eating habits, what habit also causes diabetes?

A. Genetics B. Jogging C. Environment D. Sedentary Lifestyle

8. Officiating has a high physical demand, especially in sports like basketball,

soccer and combative sports. What should the referee do PRIOR to doing
his/her officiating task?

A. Warm up
B. Dynamic Stretching
C. Static Stretching
D. Instantly proceed with officiating

9. In what way will our knowledge and skills in sports officiating skills help our community?

A. Save money during sports competition

B. Train youth in sports related activities like as athletes and sports official.
C. Reduces the case of delinquent youth in the communities.
D. All of the above

10. What is the BEST value that a sports official must possess?

A. Fairness C. Unjust
Punctuality D. All of the abov