Scribd
Upload
46 views4 pages

Chapter 8 GLOSSARY Worksheet F2020

This document provides a glossary of terms related to primate anatomy, locomotion, dentition, genetics and more. It includes 45 terms with descriptions and page references to the textbook. The terms cover topics like locomotion patterns in different primates, anatomical differences between monkeys and apes, adaptations related to human bipedalism, hand and skull anatomy in apes and humans, brain features, dental formulas and characteristics, and genetic similarities between humans and chimpanzees.

Uploaded by

Maddah Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
46 views4 pages

Chapter 8 GLOSSARY Worksheet F2020

This document provides a glossary of terms related to primate anatomy, locomotion, dentition, genetics and more. It includes 45 terms with descriptions and page references to the textbook. The terms cover topics like locomotion patterns in different primates, anatomical differences between monkeys and apes, adaptations related to human bipedalism, hand and skull anatomy in apes and humans, brain features, dental formulas and characteristics, and genetic similarities between humans and chimpanzees.

Uploaded by

Maddah Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

CHAPTER 8 GLOSSARY WORKSHEET (FROM TEXTBOOK (p161) /PPT)

CLASS GUIDE/INDEPENDENT ATTENDANCE LESSON

Comparative Studies: Anatomy and Genetics


ANT 153 F 2020 IDG (pg. 1 of 3)

LOCOMOTION PATTERNS (See pages 163-165)

Name the animal that uses the following locomotion pattern as a MAJOR way of transport:

1) Vertical Clinging and Leaping: Galago senegalensis


2) Branch Running and Walking: Cercopithecus mona
3) Ground Running and Walking: Mandrillus sphinx
4) Old World Semibrachiation: Colobus polykomos
5) New World Semibrachiation: Alouatta palliata
6) Slow climbing: Loris tardigradus
7) True brachiation: Hylobates lar
8) Quadrumanous: Pongo pygmaeus
9) Knucklewalking: Pan troglodytes
10) (Habitual) Erect Bipedalism (heel toe stride): Homo sapiens

ANTHROPOIDEA (MONKEY) VS HOMINOID (APE) - BODY SKELETON (See appendix pgs. A-2 and A-3)

Hominoids (apes) are different from Monkeys in 4 major ways:


11) With monkeys the scapula is on the side of the arm.
With apes the scapula lies on the back.
With hominoids there also is a shallow socket in the scapula for articulation with the humerus.

12) With monkeys the body is parallel to the ground.


With apes the body is usually vertical to the ground.

13) monkeys have a long body trunk.


apes have a short broad trunk.

14) Monkeys have a larger number of lumbar vertebrae for flexibility.


Apes have a reduction in the number of (fewer) lumbar vertebrae.

ERECT BIPEDALISM (See pgs. 168 and 169)


The following body “adaptations” led to the event of erect bipedalism.
15) Curvature of the spine.
16) A pelvis broad ilium.
17) A specialized foot with a short, inflexible big toe.
18) The human upper legs angle inward bringing the knees directly under the body.
Pg. 2 of 3

APE HAND ANATOMY (See pgs. 170-171)


The primate hand is characterized by pentadactylism (5 fingers), nails and epidermal ridges.
The chimp has elongated fingers but both chimpanzees and humans can grip things.

19) The holding of an object between one or more fingers with the thumb fully opposed to the
finger tip ( where an animal holds an object between the thumb and fingers is called a precision
grip.
20) A grip in which an object is held between fingers and palm with the thumb reinforcing the
fingers (the animal grabs the object) is called a power grip.

SKULL (See pgs. 172-173)


21) Powerful nuchal muscles keep the head up and a “flange” called the nuchal crest provides the
surface for attachment of the (head) muscles.
22) A bony ridge across the top of the head ( from the forehead to the back), for muscle
attachments is called the cranium
23) Though the nose is reduced in size the jaw juts forward in species such as baboons and gorillas.
This is called prognathism.
24) At the base of the skull, through where the spinal cord passes, is a large hole called the foramen
magnum.
25) In cats the Foramen Magnum lies at the far rear of the skull.
26) In humans the Foramen Magnum lies almost directly in the center of the underside of the skull
(which enables us to walk upright).

BRAIN (See pgs. 176-177)


27) The evolution in brain size over and beyond that due to an increase in body size is measured by
the encephalization quotient.
28) The largest encephalization quotient is in Humans.
29) The areas of the cerebral cortex greatly expanded in humans include:
A) toolmaking
B) language
C) vision
The cortex also allows for social intelligence.

30) The volume of the interior ( or the amount of space inside of) the brain is it’s cranial capacity.
31) The average cranial capacity for great apes can fall between 102 and 1350 cubic centimeters
(cc).
32) The average cranial capacity for modern humans is 1350 cc.

Pg. 3 of 3
PRIMATE DENTITION (See pgs. 176-182)

33) The adult gorilla has 32 teeth.


34) The human also has 32 teeth.

With Old World Monkeys, Apes and Humans there are 4 kinds of teeth (heterodont)
35) One top side of the mouth includes the following numbers:
Four incisors, two canines, four premolars, and six molars.

36) This results in the dental formula:

37) The ape dentition is characterized by:


A) Upper incisors implanted in the jaw at an angle
B) Large and projecting canines
C) A U-shaped dental arcade
D) Sexual dimorphism
E) A diastema
F) Sectorial premolars

38) The Modern Human dentition does NOT have any of the above and have a parabola shaped
dental arcade:

39) The brow ridge seen in apes and early man is related to development of a larger sagittal crest

40) Human dentition has reduced in size over the years. A hypothesis states that this may be
because tools/weapons perform the same function in hominids ( humans), that teeth perform in
other hominoids. Also, cooperative hunting is inconsistent with canine threat displays. So, this
type of display is not as needed for obtaining and defending food.

GENETICS (See pgs. 183-189)


41) Humans have 46 chromosomes in each body cell.
42) Great Apes have 48 chromosomes in each body cell.
43) When comparing humans and chimpanzees all chromosomes match except chromosome # 2.
44) Human chromosome #2 probably arose from 48 chromosomes down to 46, due to the fusion of
2 ancestral chromosomes.
45) Finally, the DNA code of humans is 98.5 % similar to DNA codes of chimpanzees.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy