Photosynthesis and ATP

Exam Questions
5.1 – 5.5

Q1.
The electron micrograph below shows a chloroplast.

(a) (i)  Place a cross ( ) in the box next to the name of the part labelled Y.
(1)
   A   cytoplasm
   B   matrix
   C   stroma
   D   tonoplast

(ii)  Place a cross ( ) in the box next to the name of the part labelled Z.
(1)
   A   lysosome
   B   nucleolus
   C   nucleus
   D   starch grain

(b)  Thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts are phospholipid bilayers with proteins and chlorophyll molecules
embedded in them.
(i)  Explain why the phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
 (ii)  Describe the role of the proteins in the thylakoid membrane in the formation of ATP.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iii)  The diagram below shows a simplified structure of a chlorophyll molecule.

Place a cross ( ) in the box next to the name of the ion found in the porphyrin ring.
(1)
   A   calcium
   B   magnesium
   C   nitrate
   D   phosphate

(iv)  Suggest why the chlorophyll molecule has a hydrocarbon tail.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................  
(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q2.
 

Chloroplasts are involved in the light-dependent and the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

(a)  In the space below, draw and label a diagram to show the structure of a chloroplast.
(3)

(b)  Describe the roles of the chloroplast membranes in photosynthesis.

(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(c)  The graph below shows the effect of light intensity and the concentration of
sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) on the rate of photosynthesis of an aquatic plant.
Adding NaHCO3 to water increases the availability of carbon dioxide to the aquatic plant.

(i)  Suggest how the rate of photosynthesis was measured.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii)  Using the information in the graph, describe the effect of light intensity and
the concentration of NaHCO3 on the rate of photosynthesis.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
 (iii)  Suggest why some photosynthesis took place when no NaHCO3 had been added.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 13 marks)
 
Q3.
 
The diagram below shows part of the carbon cycle.

(a)  Complete the diagram, by writing the appropriate word or words on the dotted lines.
(2)
(b)  Explain the role of light in the photosynthesis stage of this cycle.
(5)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(c)  (i)  Place a cross in the box next to the polysaccharides found in plants.
(1)
   A    cellulose and glycogen
   B    cellulose and starch
   C    glycogen and starch
   D    cellulose, glycogen and starch

(ii)  Describe how the carbon in these polysaccharides is returned to the atmosphere.

(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................  
(Total for question = 12 marks)
Q4.
 
Photosynthesis consists of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
Photosynthesis produces GALP. A molecule of GALP contains hydrogen.

(a)  Explain how the light-dependent reactions enable hydrogen to be incorporated into GALP.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(b)  Explain why an increase in temperature increases the rate of production of GALP.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c)  The graph below shows how the rate of GALP production affects the net uptake of carbon dioxide by
two plants, one grown in the light and one grown in the shade.

(i)  Explain why the plant grown in the light had a greater net uptake of carbon dioxide than the plant
grown in the shade, when the rate of GALP production was above 26 a.u.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
 (ii)  Suggest why the net uptake of carbon dioxide was negative when the rate of GALP production was
very low.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 12 marks)
 Q5.
 

The diagram below shows some of the tissues in a leaf.

(a)  State what is meant by the term tissue.

(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(b)  Spongy mesophyll is a site of gas exchange. The arrows on the diagram show the direction of
movement of carbon dioxide during the day.
Using the information in the diagram and your own knowledge of the properties of gas exchange
surfaces, suggest how spongy mesophyll is adapted for gas exchange.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c)  Photosynthesis takes place in palisade mesophyll.

Describe what happens to the carbon dioxide that enters this tissue.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(d)  Xylem transports ions and water molecules to the leaf.
Describe the roles of these ions and water molecules in photosynthesis.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 12 marks)
 
Q6.
 
(a)  The diagram below shows part of the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis.

(i)  Put a cross ( ) in the box to complete the following sentence.

The enzyme RUBISCO catalyses
(1)
   A    step 1
   B    step 2
   C    step 3
   D    step 4

(ii)  Put a cross ( ) in the box to complete the following sentence.

Reduced NADP and ATP are needed in
(1)
   A    step 1
   B    step 2
   C    step 3
   D    step 4

(iii)  Below is a list of carbohydrates:

•  fructose
•  α glucose
•  β glucose
•  sucrose.
 
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the number of these carbohydrates that are monosaccharides.
(1)
   A    1
   B    2
   C    3
   D    4
 (iv)  Sugars are used in the synthesis of polysaccharides.
Below is a list of polysaccharides:
•  amylopectin
•  amylose
•  cellulose
•  glycogen.
 
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the number of these polysaccharides found in plants.
(1)
   A    1
   B    2
   C    3
   D    4

(b)  Temperature, light intensity and the availability of carbon dioxide have an effect on the rate of
photosynthesis.
Twelve groups of plants, of the same species, were exposed to different temperatures, light intensities
and percentages of carbon dioxide. The rate of photosynthesis of each group was measured.
The table below shows the rate of photosynthesis for some of these groups.

(i)  Using the information in the table, describe the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis,
when light intensity and the percentage of carbon dioxide are both high.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
 (ii)  Suggest why the rate of photosynthesis is the same in groups A, B, E and F.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iii)  Suggest values for the rate of photosynthesis in groups K and L. Give reasons for your answer.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 13 marks)
 
Q7.
 
Photosynthesis involves the light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

(a)  The diagram below shows part of photosynthesis.

(i)  Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the name of molecule P.

(1)
   A    GALP
   B    hydrogen
   C    oxygen
   D    water

(ii)  Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the row in the table that correctly identifies molecule Q and
molecule R.
(1)

(b)  A study compared the rate of photosynthesis in two varieties of rice plant, B and C.
The study also compared the concentration of organic nitrogen and RUBISCO in the leaves of these plants.
The graphs below show the results of this study.
 (i)  The rate of photosynthesis was measured in μmol m–2 s–1
Suggest what was measured to obtain these units for the rate of photosynthesis.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii)  Explain how the leaves obtain nitrogen.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iii)  Explain why the concentration of organic nitrogen has an effect on the content of RUBISCO and on
the rate of photosynthesis.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 10 marks)
 
Q8.
 
Photosynthesis involves light-dependent and light-independent reactions.

The diagram below shows some of the stages in the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis.

(a)  Put a cross in the box next to the row in the table that correctly identifies the products P, Q and R
made from one molecule of water.
(1)
(b)  Put a cross in the box next to the name of reaction K.
(1)
   A    condensation

   B    hydrolysis

   C    photolysis

   D    reduction

(c)  Explain how reaction J is involved in the production of ATP in chloroplasts.

(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d)  Explain the roles of ATP and reduced NADP in the light-independent reaction.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................  
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q9.
 
The process of photosynthesis can be summarised by the word equation and the formula equation

(a)  In the light-dependent reactions, water is split into hydrogen ions, electrons and an oxygen atom.
(i)  Name this stage of the light-dependent reactions.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii)  Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the location in the chloroplast where this stage of the light-
dependent reactions takes place.
(1)
   A    envelope
   B    ribosome
   C    stroma
   D    thylakoid

(b)  The diagram below shows three atoms and how they are arranged in a glucose molecule.

(i)  Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the name of atom S.

(1)
   A    carbon
   B    hydrogen
   C    nitrogen
   D    oxygen
 (ii)  Use the information in the diagram to explain why this is an alpha-glucose molecule.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(iii)  Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the source of oxygen for the synthesis of glucose in
photosynthesis.
(1)
   A    ATP
   B    carbon dioxide only
   C    carbon dioxide and water
   D    water only

(c)  Explain the roles of the stroma in the synthesis of glucose.

(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d)  Glucose is used for the synthesis of sucrose in plants.

Describe how sucrose is synthesised from glucose.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................  
(Total for question = 10 marks)
 
Q10.
 
The diagram below shows some of the steps involved in photosynthesis.

(a)  Complete the diagram by writing the correct word or words on the dotted lines.
(3)
*(b)  Describe the roles of the thylakoid membranes in the production of ATP in the light-dependent
reaction.
(6)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 9 marks)
 
Q11.
 
Photosynthesis in plants produces GALP.

This molecule is then used to synthesise other molecules, such as carbohydrates and lipids.

(a)  (i)  Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the two monosaccharides that join together to form maltose.
(1)
   A    fructose and fructose
   B    fructose and glucose
   C    glucose and glucose
   D    glucose and galactose
 (ii)  Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the main carbohydrate that is transported in the phloem.
(1)
   A    amylose
   B    glucose
   C    lactose
   D    sucrose

(iii)  Below is a list of polysaccharides:

 amylose

 cellulose

 glycogen

 starch. 
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to the number of these polysaccharides that are composed of alpha
(α) glucose molecules and are found in plant cells.
(1)
   A    1
   B    2
   C    3
   D    4

(b)  Describe how GALP is used to produce lipids.

(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

 
(Total for question = 7 marks)