[[[Thurtby] 1905 intelligent multimeter OPERATING MANUALINDEX Section INTRODUCTION 1 PREPARATION FOR USE 2 ‘Operating power 2a On/oft switch 22 ‘Stand 23 MULTIMETER OPERATION 3 Basic operating sequence 34 Maximum inputs 32 Overrange indication 33 Negative indication 34 5% Gigi scale length 35 BC voltage measurement 36 HEZ DC voltage 37 ‘AG voltage measurement 38 DC.current measurement 39 ‘AC current measurement. 310 Current protection Bat Resistance measurement 312 Diode-test measurement 313 Nullkey 34 Hold key 315 Store key 316 Invalid combinations 37 Deferred facilities 318 GENERAL SAFETY 4 FUSE REPLACEMENT 5 WARM-UP TIME . 6 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 7 GUARANTEE 8 1. INTRODUCTION The Thuriby 1905a is a 5% digit manual ranging multimeter with keyboard programmable computing and datalogging facies. Features include: 210,000 counts scale length 44, 1m, 1nA sensitivity ‘AC functions and current ranges 0.015% basic 1 year accuracy Wide range of computing functions: Axtb, HicLo-Pass, % deviation, Min-Max, Running Average, dB ‘Single key nul/relative and hold functions ‘Adaptable intaligent digital iter Data-logging with programmable ting. ‘section COMPUTING AND DATALOGGING 9 *Key 4 Logger 92 AvLoHi 93 Filter 94 Dec Pt 95 8 96 Axtb a7 1% 98 Limits 99 USING A PROGRAM 10 Selecting the program 104 Entering/reviewing constants 102 Starting the program 103 ‘Stopping the program 10.4 Recalling stored data (Logger) 105 Recalling stored data (AvLoH) 108 Exiting from a recall sequence 107 ‘Simultaneous operation of programs 108 Checking program status 109 Cancelling programs simultaneously 10.10 Decimal point handling 10.11 Display overtiow 10.12 PROGRAM EXAMPLES 1" ‘SPECIFICATIONS. 12 CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS 18 ‘ADDENDA 14 igital fitering 144 Logarithmic calculations 142 4-20mA current loops: 143 2. PREPARATION FOR USE 2.1 Operating power ‘The 1905a is operated from AC line power elther 220V, 240V 410% SOHz, oF 110, 120V 10% 60Hz. The voltage range to Which the instrument is set is marked on the rear panel, and should be checked before power is connected. The IEC standard cable supplied should be, connected to a captive plug with an integral earth connection and wired as follows: brown to Live, blue to Neutral, green/yellow to Earth, 2.2 Power on/off switch ‘The power switch is mounted on the rear panelof the instrument. ‘At switch-on the display will briefly show a code representing the software level 2.3Stand ‘The instrument can be set at various angles using the tit-stand. To rotate the stand, it should be pulled outwards at each side of the instrument3. MULTIMETER OPERATION 3.1 Basic operating sequence €. Select the required function, ether V (voltage), 0 (resistance), (or A (current). b. Depress the AC button if an AC voltage or AC current measurement is required. Ensure it is released i a DC ‘measurements required. cc, Connect the black test lead to the black (common) socket, and the red test lead to the lower red socket (V or S¢measurement) or the upper red socket (A measurement) d. Select a range whose maximum reading is higher than the input you wish to measure. fe. Connect the source to the input terminals and take the ‘measurement. {CAUTION 1. Read the safety considerations (see section 4). 2. Do not ralse the common socket more than 5O0V DC or AC pk ‘above ground. 3. Do not apply inputs above the maxima stated in section 3.2. Doing so could damage the instrument. 3.2 Maximum inputs Function | Ranges Wax Input V | 200m, 200m | —1100V dco pkac 10 seconds (aceroc) 400V dc ora¢ FMS continuous 20v,200v, 1100 | 1100V dcor750V AMS ‘| 200qA to 200mA tAdcorac AMS (acordo) | 2000mA and 5A ‘5Adcor ac RMS a ‘Alranges “400 66 oF ac RMS ‘Note: When measuring current in inductive circuits donot change ranges, since breaking the current path could generate high voltages across the switchbank and cause damage. 3.3 Overrange Indication ‘Where the input exceeds the maximum reading ofthe range, the display will indicate this by displaying OR. Note that resistance ranges will always show overrange with no input connected, 3.4 Negative indication ‘On DC voltage and current ranges, a negative symbol will ‘automatically appear on tho lt hand side o the display if the rod input sockets taken negative with respect othe black (common) socket. 3.5 5¥2 digit scale length ‘When first switched on, the instrument will ve a 4¥2 digit scale {ength, if more resolution is required, pressing the key marked '5¥2 will increase the scale length to SY digits, pressing it again will return itto 4% digits. '5Y2 digit scale length is not available for AC voltage or current ranges, and the key will have no effect when the AC switch Is depressed. 3.6 DC voltage measurement ‘The instrument measures DC voltage between 1y:V and 1100V. Maximum displayed reading is +209899 except for the highest range. Inputimpedance is 10MA (0.1%). In 8¥s digit mode it may be necessary to use the ‘nul!’ key to obtain an accurate zero reference when using the 200mV range (see section 3.14), Zero for both the 200mV and 2000mV ranges can only be ‘examined with the input leads shorted together, since when the input is open circuit the input bias current flowing through the 710MO input network wil cause an offset to appear. Ths offset will rnotbe present when the inputs connected to a voltage source. 3.7 Hi-Z DC voltage measurement Voltages between 1,V and ::2.1 volts can be measured at an input impedance greater than 1,000M0 thus eliminating loading errors in very high impedance circuitry. ‘Todo this, depress the V and A buttons simultaneously and select ‘the 200mV or 2000mV range. N.B. With ro input connected the display will show a random reading. 3.8 AC voltage measurement ‘The instrument measures AC between 10uV and 750V rms. Maximum displayed reading is 20899 except forthe highest range. ‘AC measurements are mean responsing, rms calibrated for sinusoidal signals. Note 1: Even with the input terminals short circuited the AC voltage ranges may show a slight zero offset, this offset will not cause significant measurement erors ‘when an input substantially greater than zero is applied, and it should not be removed by using the ‘null key. Note2: The AC ranges do notrespond to aDC input. However it is required to measure AC superimposed on DC, the sum of the 1DC level plus AC rms level must not exceed the maximum value Of the range. This restriction may be eliminated by placing a ‘capacitor in series withthe input3.9DC current measurement ‘The instrument measures DC current from 1nA to SA. Maximum reading is +209999 except for the highest range. The 5 amp ‘ange is selected by simultaneously dopressing the 2 right hand range buttons. In 8% digit mode it may be necessary to use the ‘null’ key to ‘obtain an accurate zero reference. 3.10 AC current measurement The instrument measures AC current from 10nA to 5 amps ms. ‘Maximum reading is 20999 except forthe highest range. The 5 ‘amp range is selected by simultaneously depressing the 2 right hand range buttons. AC current ranges do not respond to DC. Hf it is required to ‘measure AC superimposed on DC, the sum of the DC level plus ‘AC rms level must not exceed the maximum value of the range. With no input applied the AC current ranges may show a slight zero offset. This offset will not cause significant measurement frors when an input substantially greater than zero is applied, and it should not be removed by using the ‘nul key. 3.11 Current protection ‘AC and DC current ranges up to 200mA are protected by a rear panel mounted 1 amp fuse. Currents in excess ofthis will rupture the fuse. ‘The 2000mA and 5 amp ranges are protected by a separate 5 ‘amp fuse mounted internally. See section 5 3.12 Resistance measurements ‘The instrument measures. resistance from 1m to 21MO. Maximum reading is 209999 on all ranges. ‘To make accurate measurements at ow values the resistance of the test leads must be removed using the ‘nul key (see section 3.14). 'N.B. When making high impedance measurements using eithor voltage or resistance ranges, errors may be experienced if a ‘measurement is made directly after application of high voltages. {In common with all multimeters, dielectric absorption causes ‘charge to be stored in the components of the input circuitry and it ‘may take some minutes for this to discharge fully, Consequently, hhigh accuracy measurements on impedances above about 100k should not be made directly after applying voltages in excess of say 50 volts 3.13 Diode test measurements The 20000 range can be used to measure the forward voltage drop of diodes and transistors at a current of imA with a direct ‘eading in milivolts. The anode should be connected to the red ‘socket, and the cathode to black. The higher resistance ranges can also be used for this purpose but the decimal point willbe wrongly positioned. Each resistance range provides a linear current quiput reducing in decade steps. ‘Thus the 20K0. range outputs 100A, 200K0—10j.A, 2000K1— 4wA and 20M0—0.1wA. Maximum output vottage is about +5 volts but non-linearity commences above 21 volts 3.14 Using the ‘null key Depressing the ‘null’ key causes the present displayed ‘Measurement value to be stored and subtracted from future readings. A second depression cancels this function. When ‘nul 's operating ann symbol appears onthe right hand side ofthe isplay. ‘One use of the null function is the removal of zero offsets, For ‘example, when measuring low value resistors, the resistance of the test leads can be removed by shorting them together and ‘depressing the ‘nul’ key. ‘Afurther use ofthe null function isin changing the reference point towhich measurements are being made. For example, i voltages in a circuit are being measured with the ‘common’ test lead ‘connected to the circuit's negative rail, they can instead be measured relative to its positive rail simply by measuring the Positive rail and depressing the ‘null key. When the null function is operating the overrange limits are ‘changed to 209999-N and —(209999+N), (max. + 399906), Depressing the ‘null’ key when the dB program is running will ‘cause the present measurement value to be stored as the 0d reference level (see section 9.6) Note 1: The null value is stored numerically without reference to the decimal point position. Consequently, when the user changes range any null value stored may become invalid, To remind the ‘user that he may wish to cancel or reset the null value, a ‘null set’ message is displayed whenever range or function is changed. ‘with the null function operating ‘Note 2: Null can neither be set nor cancelled when a program is ‘operating except forthe Filter, Dec Pt and dB programs. In Prot Will be displayed briefly if null is depressed. 3.15 Using the ‘hold’ key Depressing the ‘hold’ key causes the present displayed ‘measurement value to be frozen on the display. Depressing the ‘hold’ key again, or depressing any other key, causes aretum toa ‘normal cisplay. When the display is ‘held’ an 'h’ symbol appears con the right hand side 3.16 Using the ‘store’ key ‘The ‘store’ key is used in conjunction with the Logger function (s2¢ section 9.2), 3.17 Invalid function and range combinations Any invalid combination of function and range switches will cause the display to show ‘error. 3.18 Deferred facilities The key marked “is for use with future facilities and has no direct function on the basic meter. ‘Simuttanoous selection of the A and © function switches is also intended for a deferred facility.4. GENERAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS: This instrument has been designed to the highest safety standards, but safety depends on the user and the following basic jons should be observed. Fe This instrumientis safety class Iby IEC classification 2. Before connecting to an AC line supply, check thatitis setto the Correct voltage as indicated by the label on the rear panel. '3, Ensure that an appropiate AC line plugis conneciedto the IEC ‘standard cable supplied, and that a secure earth connection is, made. Connections are brown=live, blue=neutral, green’ yellow =earth J Never raise the voltage on the input ground (black) socket more ‘than 500 volts peak above the ground. 5. Never apply a voltage to the input that exceeds the maximum allowable voltage for the range. 6. Never remove the test leads from the instrument whilst they are still connected to a source of high voltage. 77. When working with circuits containing voltages in excess of 40 vats, daconnect power rom te cut ‘before connecting test le 8. Do not apply voltages in excess of 40 volts to the instrument while the covers are removed. 8. FUSE REPLACEMENT ‘The AC power fuse for the instrument is mounted on the back ‘panel close to the power on-off switch. It should only be replaced by a 250mA anti-surge type 20mm cartridge fuse. “The fuse for the 200mA and lower current ranges is mounted on the back panel on the opposite side from the power on-off switch. Ifblown, it should be replaced by a 1 amp quick-blow H.R.C. ype 20mm fuse, ‘The fuse for the 2000mA and 5 amp ranges is mounted internally. If these ranges cease to operate whist the lower current ranges ‘continue to operation, it can be concluded that this fuse hasbeen blown. To replace ‘it, unscrew the four boits through the instrument feet and dismantie the case. The fuse is located on the right hand side of the main PCB just behind the switchbank, Replace with a 5 amp quick-blow H.A.C. type 20mm fuse. 6. WARM-UP TIME ‘The instrument uses a high performance ovened reference which has a 5 minute warm-up period. In addition, other components. ‘warm up gradually and full accuracy is not guaranteed until one hour after switch-on, a reduced accuracy is guaranteed for use after 5 minutes. See section 12. ‘The instrument has @ measurement sensitivity of 14V on the ‘200m range and on current ranges. This very high sensitivity ‘ean result In variation of the zero position with temperature ‘caused by thermocouple etfects inthe input connections, ‘A typical [unction of two different materials (e.g. a copper lead soldered 10 a brass clip) generates a thermoelectric output of ‘several tens of microvolis per °C. Consequently, care must be taken to ensure-that pairs of conriection leads are of similar materials and are not subject to temperature differentials when trying to resolve microvoltieves. “The null key can be used to remove zero errors, but i ether the instrument or the measurement source is still warming up. it may bbe necessary to re-check the zero position at intervals. 7. MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR ‘The manutacturers or their agents overseas will provide repair for any unit developing a fault, Where owners wish to undertake their ‘Own maintenance work, this should only be done by skilled personnel in conjunction with the service manual which may be Purchased directly from the manufacturers or their agents overseas. In the UK, defective instruments should be retumed, carriage paid, to the manufacturers’ Service Department. Careful and Substantial packing is essential—no responsibilty can be ‘accepted for damage caused in transit to the manufacturet—if possible, retain the original packing material. the guaranteehas ‘expired or if the fauit is the result of misuse, the repair will be carried out and charged unless other instructions are received. ‘Customers outside the UK should contact the dealer from whom the unitwas purchased to ascertain service arrangements for that ‘country. ‘8. GUARANTEE ‘The instrument is guaranteed as free from detects in workmanship or materials, The terms of the guarantee will vary depentient Upon the country in which it is sold. Information ‘concerning the guarantee can be obtained from the agent from ‘whom the instrument was purchased.9. COMPUTING AND DATALOGGING FUNCTIONS (PROGRAMS) ‘A range of intelligent functions are available which require ‘more than one key depression to operate them. These functions are marked in orange above the digit keys 1 t0 9, and are selected by depressing the appropriate digit key followed by additional keys as described in section 10. 9.1 *—deferred facility, no function on basic instrument, 9.2 Logger—enabies up to 100 readings to be stored in memory for recall later. Storage can be automatic at a pre-programmed time interval, or manual. Stored readings can be recalled to the display when required. The mode of storage is defined by ‘entering a value for the constant ‘Period’ W automatic storage is required, Period should be set to the umber of seconds which represents the interval required between each reading stored. The minimum is 1 second and the maximum 9,999 seconds. For example, if storage every 5 minutes is required, Period should be set 10 300. {f storage is required more frequently than once per second, Period may be set to zero, in which case readings willbe stored at Conversion rate (approx. 3 per second) If manual storage is required, Period must be set to —0000. Readings are then stored every time the ‘store'key is depressed. ‘As each reading is slored, the storage location number will be displayed briefly. This isinhibited for Periods of3 seconds or less. ‘Stored data is lost as soon as power is interrupted. At switch-on Period is initialised to 0000, 9.2 AvLoHi—enables the running average, lowest reading and ighest reading that occur while the program is being run to be stored in memary for recall later. Stored data is lost &s soon as ower is interrupted. 9.4 Filter—enables varying amounts of additional cigitlfitering to be selected by setting a single digit constant for the required fiter characteristics and running the program. Fiter=1 gives minimum fitering, Fiter =5 gives maximum fitering, Seo Appendix 14.1. At switch-on the constants intalsed to 1. 9.5 Dec Pt (decimal point)—enables the decimal point to be be repositioned in order to change the engineering unis of the display. This is done by seting a single digt constant for the required position and running the program. Dec Pt=1 places the high mit—PA(Pass), high limit1000Mi selectable for 200 or 2000mV ranges 200A, 2000uA, 20mA <220mV max 2O0MA <350mV max, 2000mA <400mV max, 5A<1V max Vv ‘AC coupled. Mean sensing, RMS cal- brated forsine wave. Accuracies apply above 1000 counts. Current 45H2-1kHz, Voltage 45-6542. (65H2-400Hz - 5kHz- 20KH2 1% 2% 5% 4% 2% 5% 1% 5% 2% ‘3.125 per second (50Hz versions) 3 per second (60Hz versions) 19mm red LED, 8 digits 4Y_ or 5Y2 digits displays OR <100pA 500V DC or RMS >60dB at S0Hz (or 60Hz) 5112008 at DC/50H2 (or 602) —20°C to +60°C storage O°C to +40°C operating 1.85Kg (410) 230 x 230 x 90mm (9"'x9" x3%") 220 or 240V + 10% 48-52H2 (0 to special order: 1100r 120V + 10% $7-63Hz IEC Class | 13. CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS In order to ensure accurate measurements, some simple precautions should be followed. Keep the instrument dry. Do not lace on top of equipment that generates heat, or place equipment on top of the instrument. Do not subject the instrument to extremes of temperature. The specifications apply for aperiad of 12 months. Re-calibration at 12 month intervals is recommended for applications where ‘conformance to original specications is of critical performance. ‘The manufacturers provide a re-calibration service, as will their agents overseas. Where owners wish to carry out their own re-calibration, this should only be done by skilled personnel with access to precision equipment, and using the service manual and calibration cover that may be purchased directly from the ‘manufacturer or their agents overseas.‘APPENDICES 14.1 Digital Filtering ‘The digital fiter citfers from a conventional iter in thatit is abie to effectively attenuate noise yet stil respond rapidly o a change at the input. The attenuation of noise is achieved by averaging the last N ‘readings whilst the rapid response to change is achieved by Continuously comparing the present average (A) with the most ‘ecent reading (R), and displaying A if [R-Al4. J is a constant defined by the filter characteristics and called the Jump-Out. ‘The characteristics of a digital fiter can be modified by changing the number of readings averaged (N) and the Jump-Out figure (). Increasing J wil increase the maximum amplitude of noise that can be fitered. Increasing N wil increase the attenuation of that noise, However the instrument wll take N readings to setlo fora change of input lower than J, and consequently alarge value for J would give a slow response for anything other than a large input change. Thus, J should ideally be set as small as possible ‘whilst stil Being larger than the amplitude of the unfitered noise. With J set iow, the value of N will not affect the response time fora step input change, but if the input is changing very lawl a large value of N will cause the display to lag behind the input. Thus N should normally be set as low as possible whilst stil achieving adequate noise fiterng, To enable the user to make the best use o the instrument over a wide range of circumstances, the Fitter program allows the fiter characteristics to be varied by the user. Withoutthe Filter program ‘operating the fier characteristics are set to levels suitable for ‘most measurement situations. Eight altematves are available by running the Filter program. Of these Fier 0 is not intended for Rormal use, and Filters 6 and 7 are intended for averaging a rapidly changing input signal rather than for tering noise. 142.Logarthmic calculations ‘The dB function can be used to provide a general garthmic function in addition to dB calculations. ‘The displayed vai represents 2G where xis nvols,mAorkidand VST Retisinatoed 61 ior nstanoo, ts recur to isl loge tiscan be done by applying the equality Tope og. tOxtaBOlogex=0. 1151332069: o ‘Thus by combining the dB program (Fef=1.000) with the Ax+b ‘program (A=0.11513, b=0) a display representing lagex can be achieved. Alternatively itis required to aisplay 10109.2x, this can be done by applying the equality 10log.2x=V2(20log..+20!0g.2). Thus by combining the dB program (Ref=1.000) with the Ax+b Program (A=0.5, b= 6.0206) a display representing 1010g.2x canbe achieved. "Note 1: The dB function always uses 1 vot, 1mA of 1k0 as the feference for voltage, current or resistance ranges respectively. ‘Thus an input of 150m will read the same on the 2000mV and 20V ranges when the dB program is running, despite the change inmeasurement units above the range button Note 2: The SA range is not correctly encoded for use withthe dB function, and ifthe dB program is run while measuring using the ‘5A range, the reading willbe 2008 toolow. 14.3 Ax+b and 4-20mA current loops The provision of the Ax++b function combined with an overrange point of 2imA makes the instrument ideal for use with 4-20mA, Current loop systems. For example, a user may wish to monitor a weighing system which outputs 4mA at 0 kilograms, and 20mA at 10 kilograms. He “nolrecommended tornormal use calculates the values for A and b as follows: A= 10 =0.625; —(6x625)--25 4 apo CTE rae eee | Wdatens’t| Trays by measuring the loop output using the 20mA range and rotoperating |200mV andeurent 8 40 running the Ax-+b program with A=0.625, Resistance (except 10M) 8 2 readout of weight in kiograms Is obtained. oa 8 10 ° 2 ‘0 H é 2 2 6 10 3 2 00 4 3 1000 5 2 tooo 8 3 ° a6 2Thurlby Electronics Ltd., New Road, St.lves, Huntingdon, Cambs. England, Tel: (0480) 63570 Telex: 32475, Pn by Mao Fablaing Seve Us, 6 The Quy, Ste, Cre. Te 0) 3 eae