9


    
  
     
 

i
 9

    
  
   
   

ii
Mathematics – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 4: The Relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic
equation
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Published by the Department of Education, Division of Palawan

School Division Superintendent:
Natividad P. Bayubay, CESO VI
Assistant Schools Division Superintendents:
Loida P. Olavario, Ph.D.
Felix M. Famaran

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Emilyn M. Cristino
Editors: Roy Bacomo/Warlyn P. Rodriguez/Alfredo Labor
Reviewers: Astrid N. Agbanlog
Menerva B. Ytac
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Aurelia B. Marquez
Rodgie S. Demalinao
Astrid N. Agbanlog

Printed in the Philippines, by ________________________

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Telephone: (048) 433-6392
E-mail Address: palawan@deped.gov.ph
Website: www.depedpalawan.com

iii
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 4 on
the Relationship between the Coefficients and the Roots of a Quadratic Equation!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body
of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help
you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 9 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module 4 on
the Relationship between the Coefficients and the Roots of a Quadratic Equation!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled
to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

iv
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
This part includes an activity that aims to
What I Know check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent
What’s More practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the answers
to the exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given to
Additional Activities
you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.
This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key
module.

v
At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

vi
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you describe
the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equation. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The
language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lesson is
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

The module consists of only 1 lesson, namely:

• Relationship between the Coefficients and the Roots of a Quadratic Equations

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe the relationship between the coefficients and the roots of a quadratic
equation;
2. write the quadratic equation using two ways; and
3. cite real-life situations showing the application of the relationship between the
coefficients and the roots of the quadratic equation.

vii
 What I Know

Read and understand each item carefully. Choose and write the letter that
corresponds to your choice on a separate sheet of paper. Answer all items, the result
of this test will determine how much you already know about this module. Take note
of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and look for the right answer
as you go through this module.

1. Which of the following is the quadratic equation?

a. 6m2 – 3m + 1 c. s2 – 3s + 2 = 0
b. 7s + 2 = 5 d. 4x2 + 3x ≥ 5

2. How many real roots does the quadratic equation m2 + 5m + 7 = 0 have?

a. 3 b. 2 c. 1 d. 0

3. The roots of the quadratic equation are -5 and 3. Which of the following
quadratic equations has these roots?
a. x2 – 8x + 15 = 0 c. x2 – 2x – 15 = 0
b. x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 d. x2 + 2x – 15 = 0

4. What is the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation if the value of its
discriminant is zero?
a. The roots are not real.
b. The roots are rational and equal
c. The roots are rational and not equal.
d. The roots are irrational and not equal

5. What are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 + x – 56 = 0?

a. 2 and -1 b. 8 and -7 c. -8 and 7 d. 3 and -2

6. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation m2 - 5m – 14 = 0?

a. -7 b. -6 c. 5 d. -5

7. What is the product of the roots of quadratic equation x2 – 4x – 5 = 0?

a. 5 b. -5 c. 4 d. -4

8. Determine the roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2 + 5x – 3 = 0.

a. ½ and 3 b. -1/2 and 3 c. ½ and -3 d. ½ and 3

9. What is the sum of the quadratic equation with the roots -2/3 and ½?
a. 2/3 b. -2/3 c. 1/6 d. -1/6

1
10. What is the sum of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
?
a. a/b b. b/a c. –a/b d. –b/a

11. What is the product of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
?
a. c/a b. a/c c. –c/a d. –a/c

12. In the quadratic equation 4x2 – 2x + 1 = 0, what are the values of a, b, and c
respectively?
a. 4, 2, 1 b. 4, 1, 2 c. 4, -2, 1 d. 4, 1, 2

13. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation m 2 – 4 = 0?

a. 0 b. 1 c. 3 d. 4

14. What is the product of the roots of the quadratic equation s2 – 4 = 0?

a. 4 b. -4 c. 2 d. 0

15. Determine the product of the roots of the quadratic equation whose roots are
-2/3 and -1/3.
a. -2/9 b. -2/6 c. 2/9 d. 1/3

2
 Lesson Relationship between the
Coefficients and the Roots of a
4 Quadratic Equation

In your previous lesson, you have learnt the discriminant and the nature of the roots
of the quadratic equation. As you go through the activities, you will learn the sum and
the product of the roots of the quadratic equation and through its roots you will find the
quadratic equation. In this lesson, you will describe the relationship between the
coefficients and the roots of the quadratic equations.

What’s In

Activity No. 1: Let’s Add And Multiply!

Perform the indicated operation and answer the question below.
5 3
1. 8 + 19 = 4. (− ) + (− 36) = 7. (-6) (5) =
9
2 5
2. 5 + (-7) = 5. (− ) + (− 12) = 8. (-8) (-3) =
3
3. -10 + (-16) = 6. (7) (9) =

Question to ponder:
What mathematics concepts and principles did you apply to arrive at each result?

Activity No. 2: Find My Roots!

Find the roots of the following quadratic equations using any method and answer the
question below.
1. m2 + 3m + 2 = 0 3. 12r2 – 5r – 3 = 0
2. x2 – 5x + 6 = 0 4. 2s2 + 7s – 8 = 0

Question:
How did you find the roots of the quadratic equations above?

3
 What’s New

The Equation and its Roots!

Use the quadratic equations below to answer the questions that follow.

𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0

1. What are the values of a, b, and c in each equation?

a. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0; a = _____ b = _____ c = _____
b. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0; a = _____ b = _____ c = _____

2. Determine the roots of each quadratic equation using any method.

a. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0; 𝑥1 = _____ 𝑥2 = _____
b. 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0; 𝑥1 = _____ 𝑥2 = _____

3. Complete the following table.

Quadratic Equation Sum of Roots Product of Roots
2
𝑥 + 7𝑥 + 10 = 0
2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 20 = 0

4. What do you observe about the sum and the product of the roots of each
quadratic equation in relation to the values of a, b, and c?

5. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given its roots or

solutions?

6. Do you think a quadratic equation can be determined given the sum and the
product of its roots?

Think about this…

Were you able to relate the values of a, b, and c of each quadratic
equation with the sum and product of its roots?

4
 What is It

We know that the two roots of any quadratic equation, 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 (𝑎 ≠ 0), are

−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
This fact can be used to draw two conclusions concerning the relationship of
the roots and the coefficients of the terms of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0.
The two roots of the equation are as follows:
−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥1 = 𝑥2 =
2𝑎 2𝑎

−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −2𝑏 −𝒃

Sum: 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 = 2𝑎
+ 2𝑎
= 2𝑎
= 𝒂

−𝑏+√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏−√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 𝑏2 −𝑏2 +4𝑎𝑐 4𝑎𝑐 𝑐

Product: 𝑥1 ∙ 𝑥2 = ( )( )= = 4𝑎2 = 𝑎
2𝑎 2𝑎 4𝑎2

−𝒃
Hence, the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 is ,
𝒂
𝒄
and the product of the roots is .
𝒂

Ways to find the sum and the product of the roots of the quadratic equations.

First ways: Given the two roots (𝑥1 , 𝑥2 )

• The Sum of the roots of the Quadratic Equation is 𝑥1 + 𝑥2 .

Example: Find the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
whose roots are 8 and 2.
Let x1 = 8 and x2 = 2
The sum of the roots of the quadratic equation = x 1 + x2 = 8 + 2 = 10

• The Product of the roots of the Quadratic Equation is (x 1)(x2)

Example: Find the product of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
whose roots are 8 and 2.
Let x1 = 8 and x2 = 2
The product of the roots of the quadratic equation = (x1)(x2) = (8)(2) = 16

Therefore, the Sum and the Product of the Quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0
whose roots are 8 and 2, are 10 and 16 respectively.

5
Activity No. 3: Relate Me To My Roots!
Find the sum and the product of the roots of the following quadratic equations.
1. x2 – 6x – 7 = 0; x1 = 7, x2 = -1
5
2. 2x2 – 3x – 20 = 0; x1 = 4, x2 = −
2

Second Ways: Given the Quadratic Equation (find the values of a, b, and c)
Derived from the Quadratic Formula
−𝑏
• The Sum of the roots of the Quadratic Equation is
𝑎
Example: Find the Sum of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0

The values of a, b, and c in the equation are 1, -10, and 16 respectively.

−𝑏 −(−10) 10
The Sum of the Roots of the Quadratic Equation = = = = 10
𝑎 1 1

𝑐
• The Product of the roots of the Quadratic Equation is
𝑎
Example: Find the product of the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – 10x + 16 = 0

The values of a, b, and c in the equation are 1, -10, and 16 respectively.

𝑐 16
The Product of the roots of the quadratic equation = 𝑎 = 1 = 16

Therefore, the Sum and the Product of the Roots of the Quadratic Equation are 10,
and 16 respectively.

Activity No. 3A: Find My Sum and Product!

Find the Sum and the Product of the roots of the following Quadratic Equations using
the values of a, b, and c.
1. x2 – 6x – 7 = 0
2. 2x2 – 3x – 20 = 0

6
 What’s More

Ways in writing the Quadratic Equation.

First ways: Given the roots

• Through Factoring

Example: Write the quadratic equation whose roots are 8 and 2.

Write the roots in factor form: (𝑥 − 8) (𝑥 − 2)
Multiply the two factors using any method. You may use FOIL Method or Long
Method.
FOIL method: (𝑥 – 8) (𝑥 – 2)
F = (𝑥) (𝑥) = 𝑥 2
O = (𝑥) (−2) = −2𝑥
I = (−8)(𝑥) = −8𝑥
L = (−8)(−2) = 16

Therefore, the quadratic equation of the roots 8 and 2 is x 2 – 10x + 16 = 0

Second Ways: Given the roots

• Using the formula of the sum and the product of the roots of the quadratic equation.

Example: Write the quadratic equation with the roots whose sum is 5 and the
product is 2.
Through the form ax2 + bx + c = 0
Then, ax2 + bx + c = 0 will be x2 – (Sum of the roots)x + Product of the roots= 0
Substitute, the sum is 5 and the product is 2.
Using x2 – Sx + P = 0
Therefore, the quadratic equation is x2 – 5x + 2 = 0.

Activity No. 4: Write Me Again!

Use either method to form a quadratic equation having the following roots.
1) 4 and -8
2) -3 and -2
3) 5 and 1

7
 What I Have Learned

In this activity, you are asked to complete the statement as to the insights you
have gained from the lesson.
Complete the statement below.
Now I know that I know something about …
First, ______________________________________________________________
Second, ____________________________________________________________
Finally, _____________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity No. 5: This Is My Sum and My Product!

Use the values of a, b, and c to find the sum and the product of the following quadratic
equations. Answer the question below.
1. x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
2. x2+ 4x – 21 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
3. 2x2 + 3x – 2 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
4. 4x2 + 8x + 3 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
5. 10x2 – 19x + 6 = 0 Sum: ________ Product: _________
Question:
How did you determine the sum and the product of the roots of each quadratic
equation?

Activity No. 5A: Here Are the Roots. Where is the Trunk?
Write the quadratic equations in general form ax2 + bx + c = 0 given the following roots.
1. 5 and 9 3. -9 and 8 5. −3 and -3
−2 3
2. -8 and -10 4. and 4
3

Question:
How did you determine the quadratic equation given its roots?

8
 Assessment

Multiple choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Encircle the correct letter.

1. Which of the following is the quadratic equation?

a. y2 – 3y + 6 = 0 b. 6m2 – 3m + 1
c. 4x2 + 3x ≥ 5 d. 7s + 2 = 5

2. How many real roots does the quadratic equation 2m2 – 3m + 2 = 0 have?
a. 0 b. 1 c. 2 d. 3

3. The roots of the quadratic equation are 5 and –3. Which of the following
quadratic equations has these roots?
a. x2 + 8x + 15 = 0 b. x2 + 2x – 15 = 0
c. x2 – 2x – 15 = 0 d. x2 – 8x + 15 = 0

4. What is the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation if the value of its
discriminant is greater than zero and a perfect square?
a. The roots are not real.
b. The roots are rational and equal
c. The roots are irrational and not equal
d. The roots are rational and not equal

5. What are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 – x – 56 = 0?

a. 2 and -1 b. 8 and -7 c. -8 and 7 d. 3 and -2

6. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation m 2 + 5m – 14 = 0?

a. -7 b. -6 c. 5 d. -5

7. What is the product of the roots of quadratic equation x2 + 4x – 5 = 0?

a. 4 b. 5 c. -5 d. -4

8. Determine the roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2 + 5x – 3 = 0.

a. ½ and 3 b. -1/2 and 3 c. ½ and -3 d. ½ and 3

9. What is the sum of the quadratic equation with the roots 2/3 and -½?
a. 2/3 b. 1/6 c. -2/3 d. -1/6

10. What is the sum of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
?
a. –a/b b. b/a c. –b/a d. a/b

9
 11. What is the product of the quadratic equation using the quadratic formula
−𝑏 ±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑥= 2𝑎
?
a. - c/a b. a/c c. c/a d. –a/c

12. In the quadratic equation 4x 2 + 2x + 1 = 0, what are the values of a, b, and c

respectively?
a. 4, -2, 1 b. 4, 1, 2 c. 4, 2, 1 d. 4, 1, -2

13. What is the sum of the roots of the quadratic equation m 2 – 9 = 0?

a. -9 b. 9 c. 1 d. 0

14. What is the product of the roots of the quadratic equation s 2 – 25 = 0?

a. -25 b. 25 c. 1 d. 0

15. Determine the product of the roots of the quadratic equation whose roots are
2/3 and -1/3.
a. -2/9 b. -2/6 c. 2/9 d. 1/3

Additional Activities

Let us reinforce the skills/knowledge that you have gained from this lesson by doing
the next activity.

Activity No. 7: Make A Scrap Book!

Draw a picture that shows the relationship of the sum and the product of the
roots of quadratic equation with the values of a, b, and c of the formulated equation in
real-life situation.

10
 11
Assessment
Activity No. 5A: Here Are The Activity No. 5: This Is My Sum
1. A 9. B
Roots. Where Is The Trunk? And My Product
2. A 10. C
3. C 11. C 1. x2 – 14x + 45 = 0 1. S = -4 P=3
4. D 12. C 2. x2 + 18x + 80 = 0 2. S = -4 P = -21
5. B 13. D 3. x2 + x – 72 = 0 3. -3/2 P = -1
6. D 14. A 4. 12x2 – x – 6 = 0 4. S = -2 P=¾
7. C 15. A 5. x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 5. S = 19/10 P = 3/5
8. C
Activity No. 3: Relate Me To My
Activity No. 4: Write Me again! Activity No. 3A: Find My Sum and
Roots!
My Product!
1. x2 + 4x – 32 = 0 1. S = 6 P = -7
2. x2 + 5x + 6 = 0 1. S = 6 P = -7 2. S = 3/2 P = -10
3. x2 – 6x + 5 = 0 2. S = 3/2 P = -10
What’s New Activity No. 2: Find My What I know!
Roots!
1) A) a = 1, b = 7, c = 10 1. C
B) a = 2, b = 3, c = -20 1. -1 and -2 2. D
2. 2 and 3 3. D
2) A) x1 = -2, x2 = -5 3. ¾ and -1/3 4. B
B) x1 = -4, x2 = 5/2 4. -8 and 1 5. C
6. C
3) Activity No. 1: Add and 7. B
Multiply! 8. C
sum product 9. D
a) -7 10 1. 27 10. D
b) - 3/2 - 10 2. -2 11. A
3. -26 12. C
4. 7/9 13. A
5. -13/12 14. B
6. 63 15. C
7. -30
8. 24
Answer Key
References

Mathematics Learner’s Module 9

Mathematics 9 Module Teacher’s Guide

Intermediate Algebra Workbook in Mathematics 2 BEC Based

Intermediate Algebra II

12
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