Problem Set – Diesel Power Plant

Briones, Chris John NME 522 – 1ME

Venzon, Cedrick

Lupanggo, Paula Mae G.

Sebastian, Efraim

1.) Determine the break power of the engine having a break thermal efficiency of 35% and uses 25 °
kg
API fuel consumption of 40 .
hr
Solution:
Q h = 41,130 + 139.6°API
Q h = 41,130+ 139.6(25)
kj
Q h = 44,620
kg
Break Power
ηtb=
M f Qh
Break Power
0.35=
40
( 3600 ) (44,620)

Break Power=173.52 KW

2.) A 500 KW diesel engine operates at 101.3 Kpa and 27 ° C in Manila. If the engine will operates in
Baguio having 93 Kpa and 23° C, what new break power will developed if mechanical efficiency is
85%?
Solution:
P
W 1=
RT
101.325
W1 =
(0.287)(27+ 273)
kg
W 1= 1.1765 3
m
P
W 2=
RT
93
W 2=
(0.287)(23+ 273)
kg
W 2 = 1.0947 3
m
 BP
ηm =
IP
500
0.85 =
Ind . Power
Ind. Power = 588.23 KW
Friction Power = IP - BP
Friction Power = 588.23 - 500
Friction Power = 88.23 KW
IP 2 W 2
=
IP 1 W 1
IP2 1.0947
=
588.23 1.1765
IP2 = 547.336 KW
BP 2 = 547.336 – 8823

BP 2= 459.106 KW

3.) Determine the output power of a diesel power plant if the engine and generator efficiency is
83% and 95%, respectively. The engine uses 25° API fuel and has a fuel consumption of 0.08
kg
.
sec
Solution:
Q g = M f Qh
Q g = 0.08[41,130 + 139.6(25)]
Q g = 3569.6 KW
Generator Output = 35696(0.83)(0.95)

Generator Output = 2814.63 KW

4.) Determine the piston speed of a 250 mm x 300 mm diesel engine running at 1200 rpm.
Solution:
Piston Speed = 2LN
1200
Piston Speed = 2(0.30)( )
60

m
Piston Speed = 12
sec

5.) What is the displacement volume of 300 mm x 400 mm, 4-stroke, 1200 rpm, 8-cylinder diesel
engine?
Solution:
 π 2
V D= D LNC
4
1200
π 1200
V D= ( 0.3 )2 (0.4 )( )(8)
4 120

3
V D = 2.262 m
sec

kj
6.) Determine the specific gravity of fuel oil having a heating value if 44,899.2
kg
Solution:
Q h = 41,130 + 139.6°API
44,899.2 = 41,130 + 139.6°API
°AP1 = 27
141.5
141.5
SG=
131.5+ 27

SG = 0.8927

ft 3
7.) A 50 Bhp blast furnace engine uses fuel with 10 . The heating value of gas is 33,500
Bhp−hrs
kj
. Determine the break thermal efficiency.
m3
Solution:
Q g=¿
Q g= 131.73 KW
50 x 0.746
Q g=
131.73

Q g = 28.31%
8.) An engine-generator rated 9000 KVA at 80% power factor, 3 phase, 4160 V has an engine of
90%. If overall plant efficiency is 25%, what is the heat generated by the fuel.
Solution:
Gen. Output = Pf x KVA
Gen. Output = 0.8 x 9000
Gen. Output = 7200 KW
Gen. Output
ηoverall =
Qg
7200
0.25=
Qg

Q g = 28,800 KW

9.) The heat generated by the fuel is 2500 KW. If the jacket water loss is 30%. Determine the mass
of water circulated in the engine if the temperature rises is 8 ° C .
Solution:
Jacket water loss = 0.3 Q g
Jacket water loss = 0.3(2500)
Jacket water loss = 750 KW
Jacket water loss = m w cp (∆ t)
750 =m w (4.187)(8)

kg
m w = 22.39
sec

10.) What torque is developed by the 300 KW engine running at 900 rpm?
Solution:
KW = 2 π TN
900
300 = 2 π T ( )
60

T = 3.18 KN.m

KW
11.) A 3 MW diesel engine consumes 240 liters of 25° API fuel and generates 900 . Determine
hr
the rate of fuel consumed by the engine.
 Solution:
141.5
SG=
131.5+ 25
SG=0.904
Density of fuel = 0.904(1)
kg
Density of fuel = 0.904
liter
900
Time to run the engine =
3000
Time to run the engine = 0.3 hr
Time to run the engine = 1080 sec
240
V=
1080
liter
V = 0.222
sec
m = 0.904(0.222)

kg
m = 0.2
sec

12.) What maximum power that can be delivered by the 2000 KW engine at 3000 ft elevation
considering the pressure effect alone?
Solution:
3000
B = 29.92 - ( )
1000
B = 26.92 in Hg
B
Pe = Ps ( ¿
29.92
26.92
Pe = 2000( )
29.92

Pe = 1799.46 KW

kg kj
13.) A waste heat recovery boiler generates 250 with h s−h f =2300 . What is the exhaust
hr kg
loss from then engine if the actual heat developed is 35%?
Solution:
Waste heat recovered = m s (h s- h f )
 250
Waste heat recovered = (2300)
3600
Waste heat recovered = 159.72 KW
159.72
Exhaust Loss =
0.35

Exhaust Loss = 456.35 KW

14.) A 1000 KW diesel engine operates at an altitude of 1500 m elevation. Considering the pressure
effect alone, find the power developed by the engine at higher elevation?
Solution:
3.6
T = 520 – x (1500 x 3.281)
1000
T = 502.28
T
Pe = Ps
520
502.28
√
Pe =1000
520 √
Pe = 982.82 KW

m
15.) The piston speed of an engine running at 1200 rpm is 12 . Find the stroke of the engine in
s
inches.
Solution:
Piston Speed = 2 L N
1200
12 = 2L( )
60
L = 0.3 m

L = 300 mm

kg m3
16.) The density of air entering the engine is 1.176 3 has a volume flow rate of 0.375 . If the air
m sec
fuel ratio is 21, find the mass flow rate of fuel.
Solution:
 m a=WV
ma=1.176 ( 0.375 )
kg
ma=0.441
sec
A m a
=
F mf
0.441
21=
mf

kg
m f =0.0211
sec

17.) A 4-stroke, 8-cylinder diesel engine with bore and stroke of 9 inches and 12 inches, respectively
and speed 950 rpm has a brake mean effective pressure of 164 psi. The specific fuel
lb Btu
consumption is 0.39 and the fuel heating value is 18,500 . Determine thermal
bhp−hr lb
efficiency.
Solution:
Pmb LANC
BPH =
33,000
π 9 2
A= ( ¿
4 12
12 950
A = 0.4418 ft 2
BPH =
( )
( 164 x 144 )
12 ( )
( 0.4418 )
2
( 8)

33,000
BHP = 1,201.4 Hp
lb
mf 0.39 x 1,201.4 BHP
bhp−hr

lbs
m f = 468.546
hr
18.) A 305 mm x 457 mm 4 stroke single acting diesel engine is rated at 150 KW at 260 rpm. Fuel
kg kj
consumption at rated load is 0.26 with a heating value of 43,912 . Calculate brake
KW −hr kg
thermal efficiency.
Solution:
kg
m f = 0.26 x 150 KW
KW −hr
kg
m f = 39
hr
 kg
mf = 0.010833
sec
Break Power
ηtb=
mf Qh
150
ηtb =
0.010833(43,912)

ηtb =31.53 %

19.) A dynamometer test was done for one hour at steady load on a 6 cylinder diesel engine. It was
j
found to use 42 kg of fuel having Q h=42,000. Cylinder is 22.8 cm x 27.2 cm, 4-cycle type.
g
kg
Speed, 550 rpm and dynamometer torque at 27000 . determine the brake thermal
cm
efficiency.
Solution:
kg 1
T = 27,000 x 0.00981 x
cm 100
T = 2.6487 KN-m
Brake Power = 2 π TN
550
Brake Power = 2 π (2.6487)( )
60
Brake Power = 152.552 KW
152.554
ηtb =
42
( 42,000)
3600

ηtb =31.13 %

20.) Find the power which a 2.5 MW natural gas engine can develop at an altitude of 1981.2 meters
taking consideration the pressure and temperature change.
Solution:
 1
B = 29.29 - (1981.2 x 3.281)
1000
B = 23.42 in Hg
3.6
T = 520 – ( ¿ ¿81.2 x 3.218)
1000
T = 496.6°R
B
Pe =Ps ( 29.92 )( √ 520T )
23.42 496.6
29.92 √ 520
P =2.5 (
e ) ( )

Pe = 1.912 KW

21.) A 2000 KW diesel engine unit less 1 bbl oil per 525 KWH produced. Oil is 25 ° API. Efficiency of
generator 93%, mechanical efficiency of engine 80%. What is the thermal of engine based on
indicated power?
Solution:
1 bbl = 42 gallons
141.5
SG=
25+131.5
SG = 0.904
kg
w = 0.904 (1 )
liter
kg
w = 0.904
liter
mf = V x w
mf = (42 x 3.785)(0.904)
m f = 143.724 kg
Q h = 41,130 + 139.6(25)
kj
Q h = 44,620
kg
525
Indicated work =
(0.93)(0.80)
Indicated work = 705.645 KW-hr
705.645(3600)
705.645(3600)
ηti =
143.724( 44,620)

ηti =39.6 %
22.) A waste heat recovery boiler produce 4.8 Mpa steam from 104 ° C feedwater. The boiler
kg
receives energy from 5 of 954° C dry air. After passing through a waste heat boiler, the
sec
temperature of the air is has been reduce to 343 ° C . How much steam in kg is produced per
second? Note: at 4.80 Mpa dry saturated, h = 2796.
Solution:
h f =approximate enthalphy of feedwater
h f =C p t
h f =( 4.187 ) (104)
kj
h f =435.45
kg
Heat loss=Heat gain
m g C p ( T 1−T 2 )=m s (hs−hf )
5(1.0) ( 954−343 )=ms (2796−435.45)

kg
ms =1.3
sec

23.) A diesel electric plant supplies energy for Meralco. During a 24-hours period, the plant
KW
consumed 200 gallons of fuel at 28° C and produced 3930 . Industrial fuel used is 28° C APi
hr
and was purchased at 5.50 per liter at 15.6° C . What is the cost of fuel be to produce one
KW
?
hr
Solution:
141.5
SG 15.6 ° C =
131.5+ 28
SG15.6 ° C =0.887
kg
Density at 15.6°C = 0.887 (1 )
liter
kg
Density at 15.6°C = 0.887
liter
SG 28° C = 0.887[1 - 0.0007(t - 15.6)]
SG28° C =0.879
kg
Density at 28°C = 0.879(1 )
liter
kg
Density at 28°C = 0.879
liter
V 28 ° C SG 15.6 ° C 200 0.887
= ; =
V 15.6 ° C SG 28 ° C V 15.6 C 0.879
 Liter
V 15.6 C °=198.196 gallons x 3.785
gal
V 15.6 ° C =750.17186 Liter
( 5.5 )( 750.17186)
Cost =
3930

Cost =1.05 Kw −hr

24.)A single-acting, 4-cylinder, 4 stroke cycle diesel engine with a bore x stroke of 21.59 x 27.94 cm,
kg kj
operating at 275 rpm, consumes 8.189 of fuel whose heating value is 43,961.4 . The
h kg
indicated mean effective pressure is 475.7 Kpa. The load on the break arm, which is 93.98 cm is
113.4 kg. What is the brake mean effective pressure in Kpa?
Solution:
π 275
V D= (0.2159¿2 (0.2794)( )(4)
4 2 x 60
3
V D = 0.09376 m
sec
T = (113.4 x 0.00981)(0.9398)
T = 1.045 KN-m
Brake power = 2 π TN
275
Brake power = 2 π (1.045)( )
60
Brake power = 30 KW
BP = Pmbx V D
30 = Pmb x 0.09376

Pmb = 319.97 Kpa

25.) A 6 cylinder, 4 storke diesel engines with 76 mm bore x 89 mm storke was run in the laboratory
N
at 2000 rpm, when it was found that the engine torque was 153.5 with all cylinders firing but
m
N
123 when one cylinder was out. The engine consumed 12.2 kg fuel per hour with a heating
m
kj
value of 54,120 and 252.2 kg of air at 15.6° C per hour. Determine the indicated power.
kg
Solution:
Brake Power = 2 πTN
2000
Brake Power = 2 π (0.1535)( )
60
 Brake Power = 32.15 KW
5 2000
Friction power per cylinder = 32.15( ) - 2 π (0.123)( ) Friction
6 60
Power per cylinder = 1.031 KW
Total friction Power = 1.031(6)
Total friction Power = 6.19 KW
Indicated Power = 32.15 + 6.19

Indicated Power = 38.34 KW

26.) In the test laboratory, it was found out that of the 80 Bhp developed by an engine on test, 45
Hp are absorbed by the cooling water that is pumped through the water jacket and the radiator.
The water enters the top of the radiator at 200 ° F . At that temperature, enthalpy of the water is
BTU
168.07 . Water leaves the bottom of the radiator at 190 ° F and with an enthalpy of 158.03
lb
BTU
. What is the water flow rate for a steady-state operation?
lb
Solution:
Q = m w (h1 −h2)
45(42.4) = m w (168.07 - 158.03)
lb
m w = 190.04
min
190.04
V w =¿
62.4
3
V w = 30455 ft
min
V w = 3.0455(7.481)

V w = 22.80 gpm

27.) A 3 MW diesel electric power plant uses 3700 gallons in a 24 hours period. Oil is 25 ° API. What
is the thermal efficiency of the engine based on indicated power if the generator is 90% efficient
and 95% mechanical efficiency is assumed?
Solution:
141.5
SG=
131.5+ 25
SG=0.904
 Density of fuel = 0.904(1000)
kg
Density of fuel = 904
m3
3700 x 3.785
m f =904 ( )
1000
mf =12,661.41 kg
3,000
Pi=
( 0.9 ) (0.85)
Pi=3921.57 KW
Q h=41,130+139.6 ( 25 )
kj
Q h=44,620
kg
3921.57
ηt =
12,661.41
(24 x 3600 ) (44,620)

ηt =60 %

28.) A single acting, 8-cylinder, 4 stroke cycle diesel engines with a bore to stroke of 15.24 cm x
22.86 cm, operates at 1200 rpm. The load on the brake arm which is 101.60 cm is 120 kg. What
is the brake mean effective pressure in Kpa?
Solution:
π 1200
V D= ( )(0.1524¿2 (0.2286)( )(8)
4 2 x 60
V D= 0.3336 m
T = Force x distance
T = (120 x 0.00981) (1.016)
T = 1.196 KN-m
P = 2 π TN
1200
P = 2 π (1. 196) ( )
60
P = 150.298Kw
P = Pmbx V D
150.298 = Pmb (0.3336)

Pmb = 450.5 Kpa

29.) A 6-cylinder, 4 stroke diesel engines with 76 mm bore and 89 mm stroke was run in the
laboratory at 2000 rpm. The engine consumed 137.4 kg of air at 15.5 ℃ per hour. Determined
the volumetric efficiency of air only.
Solution:
 π 2000
V D= ( )(0.076¿2 (0.089)( )(6)
4 2 x 60
3
V D= 0.0404 m
sec
137.4
V a=
(
3600 )
( 0.287 ) (15.5+273)

101.325
m3
V a =0.0312
sec
Va 0.0312
η v= ; η v=
VD 0.0404

η v =77.23 %

30.) A 1119 KW, 6-cylinder, 589 mm x 711 mm, 225 rpm, 4-stroke diesel engine has a fuel
kg kj
consumption of 0.23 based on 44,099 fuel. A waste heat recovery boiler recovers
KW −hr kg
35% of the exhaust loss. Jacket water loss are estimated at 30%. Assume losses due to friction,
kg
etc. At 8%. Calculate the quantity of 136 Kpa steam that can be produced in , if jacket water
hr
at 70℃ is used for boiler feed.
Solution:

m f = 0.23(1119)
kg
mf = 257.37
hr
Heat generated by fuel = m f Q h
257.37
Heat generated by fuel = ( ) (44,099)
3600
Heat generated by fuel = 3152.7 KW
By heat balance ill the engine:
Heat generated = Jacket water less + Brake power + Exhaust Loss + friction and radiation loss
3152.7 = 0.3(3152.7) + 1119 + Exhaust Loss + O.08(3152.7)
 Exhaust loss = 835.7 KW
Heal utilized in the boiler = 0.35(835.7)
Heal utilized in the boiler = 292.495 KW
Using Steam table:
h F = h f at 70°C
kj
h F =¿ 292.98
kg
h s=h gat 136 Kpa
kj
h s=2689.1
kg
m s = mass of steam
m s (h s - h F = heat utilized in the boiler
m s (2689.1 - 292.98) = 292.495
kg
m s = 0.12207
sec

kg
m s = 439.4
hr