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Irc Highway

The document describes the development of flexible pavement design methods in the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) guidelines. The earliest 1970 IRC method used curves to connect the CBR of pavement layers to required thickness. The 1984 revision represented traffic in millions of standard axles instead of vehicles per day. The 2001 method changed to an analytical approach considering stresses from traffic loads. Three failure modes are identified: fatigue cracking, rutting from compression, and deformation within bituminous layers.

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srikanth
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362 views23 pages

Irc Highway

The document describes the development of flexible pavement design methods in the Indian Roads Congress (IRC) guidelines. The earliest 1970 IRC method used curves to connect the CBR of pavement layers to required thickness. The 1984 revision represented traffic in millions of standard axles instead of vehicles per day. The 2001 method changed to an analytical approach considering stresses from traffic loads. Three failure modes are identified: fatigue cracking, rutting from compression, and deformation within bituminous layers.

Uploaded by

srikanth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Development of IRC Methods of Flexible Pavement Design

1)Flexible Pavements in India are designed using Indian Roads Congress (IRC) Guidelines

2)Earliest IRC Flexible Pavement design (1970) was a set of curves connecting the CBR of a
pavement layer with the thickness of the pavement required above it, given for traffic represented
by commercial vehicles per day, 0 to 1500 vpd.

3)Later in 1984 (IRC-37-1984) the set of curves was revised by representing traffic in terms of
Equivalent standard axles in millions (Msa) instead of vpd. The curves covered the range of CBRs
2% to 10% and traffic up to 30Msa

4)In the subsequent revision in 2001(IRC-37-2001), the method of design was radically changed
from a set of curves to analytical
IRC Flexible Pavement Design IRC-37-2001

The IRC-37-2001 Flexible Pavement Design approach. It is an analytical approach in which


stresses caused by traffic loads in the pavement layers are considered. Pavement composition is
selected such that these stresses are not excessive to cause failure of the pavement during the design
period. Three modes of failure are identified for design.

The IRC Method (Design approach)


The three modes of Pavement failure
1. Fatigue cracking of bituminous layers, due to high horizontal tensile strains occurring at the
bottom of bituminous layers
2. permanent deformation or rutting, caused by high vertical compressive strains on subgrade.
3. Permanent deformation within the bituminous layers (viscous deformation of bituminous mix)
These failure modes are shown pictorially in the next two slides
IRC Method: Failure Criterion 1 Bottom-up Fatigue cracking of Bituminous layers
PAVEMENT DESIGN BY IRC: 37-2012

VEHCLE DAMAGE FACTOT


It is a converting factor to mixed traffic to Standard Axle load Repetitions on a highway
The Standard Axle loads for Different Axle load configurations are as follows:
Single Axle Single Wheel on either side = 65kN=6500kgs=6.5 tonnes
Single axle with Dual wheels on Either side= 80kN=8000kgs=8 tonnes
Tandem Axles (Two) with Dual wheels on either side= 148kN=14800kgs=14.8 tonnes
Tridem Axle (Three) with Dual wheels on either side= 224kN=22400Kgs=22.4 tonnes
∑𝑛𝑖 (𝑊𝑖/𝑊𝑠)4 Fi

VDF = ------------------------------
∑𝒏𝒊 Fi

Where

VDF= Vehicle Damage Factor

Wi = ith Vehicle Axle load weighed


Ws = Weight of Standard Axle
Problem 1

Design a Flexible Pavement for a two lane undivided carriageway using the following Data:

Subgrade CBR=5%

Initial Traffic on Completion of Construction=300 CVPD


Traffic Growth rate6%

Design Life=10 Years

VDF value=2.5

SOLUTION
[(1+𝑟) 𝑛 −1]
Ns = 365x CVPDx x VDF X LDF
𝑟

[(1+0.06) 10 −1]
=365 x 300 x x 2.5 X 0.75
0.06

=3 mSA

From Figure 1 CBR=5%, Msa=3 Total Thickness =530

PREMIX CARPET =20mm

BITUMINOUS MACADAM=50mm

GRANULAR BASE (WBM/WMM)=250mm

GRANULAR SUB GRADE=210mm

SUB GRADE CBR=5%

Problem 2

Design Four Lane Divided Highway for the following Data:

Initial Traffic after completion of road=3500 CVPD

Life of the Pavement=15Years

Growth Rate of Traffic=6.5%


SUBGRDAE CBR=8%

Vehicle Damage Factor=4.0


SOLUTION:

[(1+𝑟) 𝑛 −1]
Ns = 365x CVPDx x VDF X LDF
𝑟

[(1+0.065 ) 15 −1]
Ns = 365x 3500x x 4.0X 0.75
0.065

=93mSA Equal to 100 mSA

Design For 100mSA CBR=8%


Total Thickness=640mm

BITUMINOUS CONCRETE=50mm

DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE=140mm

GRNULAR BASE(WBM/WMM)=250mm

GRANULAR SUB BASE=200mm

SUBGRADE CBR=8.0%

PROBLEM 3: Design a Flexible Pavement as per IRC-37:2012 for the Following Data:
The Subgrade CBR=5%

Number of commercial vehicles per day=1500

Growth Rate of Traffic=7.5%

Life of Pavement=15 Years

Time Lapse between Last Traffic count and Commencement of Pavement=3 Years

Number of Traffic Lanes =2


The Axle data collected on existing road
Single Axle Dual Wheel Tandem Axle Dual Wheel
Load Class(tones) Mid Point % of Axle Load Mid Point % of Axle
(tones) loads Class(tones) (tones) loads

19-21 20 0.6 34-38 36 0.30


17-19 18 1.5 30-34 32 0.30
15-17 16 4.8 26-30 28 0.60
13-15 14 10.8 22-26 24 1.80
11-13 12 22.0 18-22 20 1.50
9-11 10 23.3 14-18 16 0.50
7-9 8 30.0 10-14 12 2.0
Sum 93.0 7.0
Standard Axle Load=8.0tonnes Standard Axle Load=14.8 tonnes

SOLUTION

The cumulative number of stand axle load repetitions by IRC 37:-2012


[(𝟏+𝒓) 𝒏−𝟏]
Ns = 365x CVPDx x VDF X LDF
𝒓

Where
Ns = Cumulative number of standard axle load repetetions

CVPD = Commercial vehicles per day(laden Weight>3 tonnes)


r = Growth rate of traffic

n= Design Life

VDF = Vehicle Damage Factor


LDF = Lane Distribution factor

Calculation of Vehicle Damage Factor

Single axle Dual wheel Ws =8tonnes


Axle Load (wi /ws)4 % of axle loads (wi /ws)4 x Fi
Mid Point observed (Fi )
(tones) (Wi)
20 (20/8)4 =39.06 0.6 39.06x0.6=13.44
18 (18/8)4 =25.63 1.5 25.63x1.5=38.45
16 (16/8)4 =16.00 4.8 16.00x4.80=76.80
14 (14/8)4 =9.38 10.8 9.38x10.8=101.30
12 (12/8)4 =5.06 22.0 5.06x22=111.32
10 (10/8)4 =2.44 23.3 2.44x23.3=56.85
8 (8/8)4 =1.00 30.0 1x30=30.00
Total Fi 93.00
SUM1 438.16
Tandem Axle wheel Ws =14.8 tonnes

Axle Load (wi /ws)4 % of axle loads (wi /ws)4 x Fi


Mid Point observed (Fi )
(tones) (Wi)
36 (36/14.8)4 =35.00 0.30 35x0.30=10.50
32 (32/14.8)4 =21.86 0.30 21.86x0.30=6.60
28 (28/14.8)4 =12.81 0.60 12.81x0.60=7.70
24 (24/14.8)4 =6.92 1.80 6.92x1.80=12.46
20 (20/14.8)4 =3.32 1.50 3.32x1.50=4.98
16 (16/14.8)4 =1.37 0.50 1.37x0.50=0.69
12 (12/14.8)4 =0.43 2.00 0.43x2=0.86
Total Fi 7.00
SUM2 43.79
VDF = (SUM1+SUM2) ÷ (F1 +F2 )

= ( 438.16+43.79 )/(93+7)

= 481.95/100

=4.8195 =4.82

Lane Distribution Facor


Single lane 100% Factor=1.00

Two Lane 75% Factor =0.75

Three Lane 40% Factor =0.40


Project of commercial vehicles from last traffic count to commencement of pavement of 3
years

A=p(1+r)n

Where A= Traffic after Three years


R= growth rate of traffic =7.5%

N+ time lapse period=2 years

A = 1500(1.075)3

= 1612 CVPD
[(𝟏+𝒓) 𝒏−𝟏]
Ns = 365x CVPDx x VDF X LDF
𝒓

[(𝟏+𝟎.𝟎𝟕𝟓)𝟏𝟓 −𝟏]
NS = 365 x 1863x X 4.82X0.75
𝟎.𝟎𝟕𝟓

=65 Msa

Base on The chart Given Below

Based on the above chart for 65 mSA

Surface course =50mm Bituminous Concrete


Binder Course (Dense Bituminous Macadam= 120mm

Granular Base(Wet Mix Macadam)= 250mm

Granular Sub base= 300mm


Problem 1

Design a Flexible Pavement for a two-lane undivided carriageway using the following Data:

Subgrade CBR=5%

Initial Traffic on Completion of Construction=300 CVPD


Traffic Growth rate6%

Design Life=10 Years

VDF value=2.5

SOLUTION
[(1+𝑟) 𝑛 −1]
Ns = 365x CVPDx x VDF X LDF
𝑟

[(1+0.06) 10 −1]
=365 x 300 x x 2.5 X 0.75
0.06

=3 mSA

From Figure 1 CBR=5%, Msa=3 Total Thickness =530

PREMIX CARPET =20mm

BITUMINOUS MACADAM=50mm

GRANULAR BASE (WBM/WMM) =250mm

GRANULAR SUB GRADE=210mm

SUB GRADE CBR=5%

Problem 2

Design Four Lane Divided Highway for the following Data:

Initial Traffic after completion of road=3500 CVPD


Life of the Pavement=15Years

Growth Rate of Traffic=6.5%

SUBGRDAE CBR=8%

Vehicle Damage Factor=4.0


SOLUTION:

[(1+𝑟) 𝑛 −1]
Ns = 365x CVPDx x VDF X LDF
𝑟

[(1+0.065 ) 15 −1]
Ns = 365x 3500x x 4.0X 0.75
0.065

=93mSA Equal to 100 mSA

Design For 100mSA CBR=8%


Total Thickness=640mm

BITUMINOUS CONCRETE=50mm

DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE=140mm

GRNULAR BASE(WBM/WMM) =250mm

GRANULAR SUB BASE=200mm

SUBGRADE CBR=8.0%

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