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PROJECT STANDARD SPECIFICATION

SECTION 15940 - SEQUENCE OF OPERATIONS

PART 1 - GENERAL

0.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS

A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including Conditions of Contract and
Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

0.2 SUMMARY

A. This Section includes general control sequences for HVAC systems, subsystems, and
equipment.

B. Refer to BMS drawings for detailed control sequence and relevant control diagrams for all
systems.

C. Related Sections include the following:

1. Division 15 Section "HVAC Instrumentation and Controls" for control equipment

and devices and submittal requirements.

0.3 DEFINITIONS

A. DDC: Direct-digital control(s).

B. VAV: Variable air volume.

0.4 CENTRAL REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT SEQUENCES

A. Chiller/Cooling tower control panel shall be microprocessor-based and shall provide, both
locally and through the Manufacturers Control Network, the control, monitoring, and safety
equipment functions provided by the Chiller/Cooling tower manufacturer's control panel(s)
(two communications ports total). The Chiller/Cooling tower control panel instrumentation
and control ranges and accuracies shall match those of the chiller manufacturer's control
devices. The Chiller/Cooling tower panel shall have a communication port for interface to
BMS through either the Manufacturers Control Network or modem for Chiller(s)/Cooling
tower(s) start/stop, chilled water / condenser water temperature reset, and monitoring of
chiller operating status, alarms, and power.

B. Operate chillers on lead-lag, alternating each startup. [Time clock] [System] starts and
stops condenser water pump. Signal alarm if unit fails to start as commanded. Allow
condenser water pump to start when the following conditions are met:

1. [Immersion thermostat] [System] proves water is in cooling tower sump.

2. [Space thermostat] [System] detects outside temperature is above 10 deg. C.
3. System indicates cooling demand from ventilation system.

C. Chilled-Water Pump: Energize when condenser water pump is started.

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D. Cooling Tower: Energize fans when condenser water pump is started.

E. Refrigeration Machine: Flow switches shall prove chilled-water and condenser water flow
before allowing refrigeration machine to start.

F. Condenser Water: Maintain condenser water supply temperature by modulating tower

bypass valve and cycling cooling tower fans.

1. Operate bypass valve to maintain 18 deg. C sump temperature.

2. Operate cooling tower fans to maintain 21 deg. C sump temperature.
3. Close valve when unoccupied.

G. Operator Station Display: Indicate the following on operator workstation display terminal:

1. System graphic.
2. Condenser water pump on-off indication.
3. Chilled-water pump on-off switch.
4. Chiller on-off indication.
5. Chiller condenser water supply and return temperature.
6. Chiller chilled-water supply and return temperature.
7. Chiller condenser water control-point adjustment.
8. Common chilled-water control-point adjustment.
9. Low-level cooling tower sump alarm.
10. Expansion tank low-level alarm.
11. Cooling tower fan on-off indication.
12. Cooling tower sump heater on-off indication.
13. Cooling tower dump indication.
14. Chilled-water control-point adjustment.
15. System capacity in tons.

0.5 PRIMARY CHILLED-WATER TEMPERATURE-CONTROL SEQUENCES

A. Control of Primary Chilled-Water and Condenser Water Circulating Pumps: [Time clock]
[System] starts pumps and proves flow through chiller before [allowing chiller to start]
[starting chiller].

B. Chilled-Water Supply Temperature Control: [Integral chiller controls] [System] maintain

constant leaving chilled-water temperature. [Load analyzer] [System] resets chilled-water
supply temperature according to highest cooling demand.

1. Adding and Dropping Chillers on Line: <Insert sequence and parameters.>

C. Condenser Water Temperature Control: [Thermostat] [System] modulates valve and

cycles fans.

1. Sequence: As condenser water temperature rises, modulate control valve open to

cooling tower and closed to bypass, cycle tower fans on to low speed and then to high
speed.

D. Operator Workstation: Display the following data:

1. Outside temperature.
2. Chillers on-off status.
3. Entering chilled-water temperature.

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4. Entering chilled-water temperature set point.

5. Leaving chilled-water temperature.
6. Chilled-water pressure drop through chiller.
7. Entering condenser water temperature.
8. Leaving condenser water temperature.
9. Leaving condenser water temperature set point.
10. Condenser water control-valve position.
11. Condenser water pressure drop through chiller.
12. Location of primary chilled-water pump[s].
13. Operating status of primary chilled-water pump[s].

0.6 SINGLE-ZONE, SINGLE-DUCT, CONSTANT-VOLUME, AIR-HANDLING UNIT

CONTROL SEQUENCES

A. Fan Control: [Time clock] [System] starts fan to run continuously.

1. Signal alarm if fan fails to start as commanded.

B. Smoke Control: Smoke detector, located in [return] [supply] air, signals alarm, stops fan,
and closes smoke dampers when products of combustion are detected in air stream.

C. Mixed-Air Control: When fan is running, system shall modulate outside-air and return-air
dampers to maintain minimum outside air requirement.

1. When outside-air temperature exceeds return-air temperature, set outside-air dampers

to minimum position and return-air damper to maximum position.
2. When return-air temperature exceeds outside-air temperature, set outside-air dampers
to maximum position and return air damper to minimum position.
3. When outside-air enthalpy exceeds return-air enthalpy, set outside-air dampers to
minimum position and return-air damper to maximum position.

D. Filters: When fan is running, differential air-pressure transmitter signals alarm when high-
pressure conditions exist.

E. Hydronic Cooling Coil: When fan is running, [duct-mounted thermostat] [system]

modulates control valve to maintain return-air temperature.

1. [Duct-mounted thermostat] [System] resets supply-air temperature set point from

return-air temperature.
2. When fan is off, control valve to [open] [closed] position.
3. When fan is on, [enable normal control] [control valve to open position] [control
valve to closed position].

F. Operator Station Display: Indicate the following on operator workstation display terminal:

1. System graphic.
2. System on-off indication.
3. System occupied/unoccupied mode.
4. System fan on-off indication.
5. Outside-air-temperature indication.
6. Supply-air temperature indication.
7. Return-air temperature indication.
8. Return-air temperature set point.
9. Mixed-air-temperature indication.
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10. Outside/ Return-air dampers position adjustment.

11. Outside/Return-air dampers position indication
12. Filter air-pressure-drop indication.
13. Filter high-air-pressure set point.
14. Cooling-coil control valve position adjustment.
15. Cooling-coil control-valve position indication.

0.7 SINGLE-ZONE, SINGLE-DUCT, VAV, AIR-HANDLING UNIT CONTROL

SEQUENCES

A. Supply-Fan Control: [Time clock] [System] starts fan to run continuously. Modulate [inlet
guide vanes] [variable-speed fan drive] to maintain supply duct static pressure.

1. Signal alarm if fan fails to start as commanded.

2. Static-pressure controller located in fan discharge stops fan and signals alarm when
static pressure rises above excessive-static-pressure set point.
3. Set inlet guide vanes to [minimum] [closed] position when fan is stopped.
4. Set variable-speed drive to minimum speed when fan is stopped.

B. Return-Air Fan Control: [Time clock] [System] starts fan to run continuously.
[Controller] [System] modulates return-air fan [inlet guide vanes] [variable-speed fan
drive] to [maintain duct static pressure] [match supply-fan airflow]. [Reference static
pressure to the outside.]

C. Smoke Control: Smoke detector, located in [return] [supply] air, signals alarm, stops fan,
and closes smoke dampers when products of combustion are detected in air stream.

D. Mixed-Air Control: When fan is running, system shall modulate outside-air, return-air, and
relief-air dampers to maintain minimum outside air requirement.

1. When fan is running, open outside-air and relief-air dampers to minimum position.
2. When outside-air temperature exceeds return-air temperature, set outside-air and
relief-air dampers to minimum position and return-air damper to maximum position.
3. When outside-air enthalpy exceeds return-air enthalpy, set outside-air and relief-air
dampers to minimum position and return-air temperature to maximum position.
4. During unoccupied periods, position outside-air and relief-air dampers closed and
return-air dampers open.

E. Filters: During occupied periods, when fan is running, differential air-pressure transmitter
signals alarm when high-pressure conditions exist.

F. Hydronic Cooling Coil: When fan is running, [duct-mounted thermostat] [system]

modulates control valve to maintain supply-air temperature.

1. [Duct-mounted thermostat] [System] resets supply-air temperature set point from

return-air temperature.
2. During unoccupied periods, control valve to [open] [closed] position.
3. When fan is on, [enable normal control] [control valve to open position] [control
valve to closed position].

G. Hydronic Cooling Coil: When fan is running, [duct-mounted thermostat] [system]

modulates control valve to maintain supply-air temperature.

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1. [Load analyzer] [System] resets supply-air temperature in response to greatest

cooling demand.
2. During unoccupied periods, control valve to [open] [closed] position.
3. When fan is on, [enable normal control] [control valve to open position] [control
valve to closed position].

H. Coordination of Air-Handling Unit Sequences: Ensure that mixed-air, cooling-coil controls

have common inputs and do not overlap in function.

I. Operator Station Display: Indicate the following on operator workstation display terminal:

1. System graphic.
2. System on-off indication.
3. System occupied/unoccupied mode.
4. System fan on-off indication.
5. Return fan on-off indication.
6. Outside-air-temperature indication.
7. Outside-air enthalpy indication.
8. Supply-air temperature indication.
9. Supply-air temperature set point.
10. Return-air temperature indication.
11. Return-air enthalpy indication.
12. Mixed-air-temperature indication.
13. Outside/Return/Relief-air dampers position adjustment.
14. Outside/Return/Relief-air dampers position indication.
15. Filter air-pressure-drop indication.
16. Filter high-air-pressure set point.
17. Cooling-coil control-valve position adjustment.
18. Cooling-coil control-valve position indication.
19. Supply-fan-discharge static-pressure indication.
20. Supply-fan-discharge static-pressure set point.
21. Supply-fan airflow rate.
22. Supply-fan [inlet vane position] [speed].
23. Return-air static-pressure indication.
24. Return-air static-pressure set point.
25. Return-fan airflow rate.
26. Return-fan [inlet vane position] [speed].
27. Building static-pressure indication.
28. Building static-pressure set point.

0.8 TERMINAL UNIT OPERATING SEQUENCE

A. Two-Pipe, Single-Coil Fan Coil Unit: Room thermostat modulates control valve.

1. [Fan switch] [Time clock] [System] starts and stops fan.

2. Operator Workstation: Display the following data:

a. Room/area served.
b. Room temperature.
c. Room temperature set point, occupied.
d. Room temperature set point, unoccupied.
e. Control-valve position as percent open.

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B. Constant-Volume, Terminal Air Units, Hydronic : [System] [Room thermostat] [cycles]

[modulates] control valve. [Room sensor reports temperature.] [Occupancy sensor
reports occupancy and enables occupied temperature set point.]

1. Operator Workstation: Display the following data:

a. Room/area served.
b. Room temperature.
c. Room temperature set point, occupied.
d. Room temperature set point, unoccupied.
e. Control-valve position as percent open.

C. VAV, Terminal Air Units with Hydronic Coils: [System] [Room thermostat] modulates
VAV damper and coil control valve. [Room sensor reports temperature.] [Occupancy
sensor reports occupancy and enables occupied temperature set point.]

1. Operator Workstation: Display the following data:

a. Room/area served.
b. Room temperature.
c. Room temperature set point, occupied.
d. Room temperature set point, unoccupied.
e. Air-damper position as percent open.
f. Control-valve position as percent open.

0.9 VENTILATION SEQUENCES

A. Fan shall start / stop either automatically through the control system or manually from the
control panel.

B. Fan shall start / stop automatically and immediately when interlocked with an equipment
that is started /stopped.

C. Gravity Roof Ventilator: Dampers shall open/close along in parallel with the fan operation.

D. Exhaust Fan: [Occupancy sensor] [Room thermostat] cycles fan.

E. Kitchen Exhaust Fan: Occupancy sensor starts fan and energizes makeup air unit.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS (Not Applicable)

PART 3 - EXECUTION (Refer to Mechanical and Electrical “Schedule of Control Points” attached)

END OF SECTION 15940

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