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Spherical Mirrors: Concave Mirror

This document discusses image formation using spherical mirrors. It defines key terms like focal point, focal length, radius of curvature, and principal axis. Concave mirrors form real images between the focal point and mirror. Convex mirrors form virtual images between the focal point and object. Ray diagrams and equations for the mirror equation and magnification are provided. Examples calculate image locations, heights, and focal lengths for objects placed at various distances from concave and convex mirrors.

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Leah Clovis
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98 views3 pages

Spherical Mirrors: Concave Mirror

This document discusses image formation using spherical mirrors. It defines key terms like focal point, focal length, radius of curvature, and principal axis. Concave mirrors form real images between the focal point and mirror. Convex mirrors form virtual images between the focal point and object. Ray diagrams and equations for the mirror equation and magnification are provided. Examples calculate image locations, heights, and focal lengths for objects placed at various distances from concave and convex mirrors.

Uploaded by

Leah Clovis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 11-06 Image Formation by Mirrors Name:

Spherical Mirrors
 Concave: bends
 Convex: bends
 are always to the
surface and pass through the of
curvature, C.
o Law of Reflection says that the to the is the
same for the and rays
 Principal axis: imaginary line through and the of the mirror.
 Focal point (F): rays strike the mirror and at the focal
point.
 Focal length (f): distance between and
 Concave mirrors: 𝑓 = 1
 Convex mirrors: 2𝑅
1

𝑓=− 𝑅
Spherical aberration 2

 Rays from the principle axis actually cross between and the .
 Fix this by using a mirror.

Ray Diagrams
Concave Mirror
 Ray 1 – to principal axis, strikes mirror and reflects through
 Ray 2 – Through , strikes mirror and reflects to principal axis
 Ray 3 – Through , strikes mirror and reflects back through
Object beyond C

Object C F

Image is,and, betweenand


Object between C and F

CObject F

Image,, and, beyond

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews To be used with OpenStax College


Physics 11-06 Image Formation by Mirrors Name:
Object between F and mirror

C F Object

 Image,, , mirror
Convex Mirrors

Object F C

 Image , , , mirror between F and


Mirror Equation
1 1 1
= +
𝑓 𝑑𝑜 𝑑𝑖
 Where f = focal length (negative if ), d0 = object distance, di = image distance (negative if )

Magnification Equation
ℎ𝑖 = − 𝑑𝑖
𝑚=
ℎ𝑜 𝑑𝑜
 Where m = magnification, ho = object height, hi = image height (negative if ), do = object distance, di = image
distance (negative if )
A 0.5-m high toddler is playing 10 m in front of a concave mirror with radius of curvature of 7 m.
What is the location of his image?

What is the height of his image?

A 0.5-m high toddler is playing 10 m in front of a convex mirror with radius of curvature of 7 m.
What is the location of his image?

What is the height of his image?

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews To be used with OpenStax College


Physics 11-06 Image Formation by Mirrors Name:
Homework
1. What are the differences between real and virtual images? How can you tell (by looking) whether an image formed by a
single lens or mirror is real or virtual?
2. Can you see a virtual image? Can you photograph one? Can one be projected onto a screen with additional lenses
or mirrors? Explain your responses.
3. Is it necessary to project a real image onto a screen for it to exist?
4. Under what circumstances will an image be located at the focal point of a lens or mirror?
5. What is meant by a negative magnification? What is meant by a magnification that is less than 1 in magnitude?
6. What is the focal length of a makeup mirror that has a power of 1.50 D? (OpenStax 25.53) +0.667 m
7. Some telephoto cameras use a mirror rather than a lens. What radius of curvature mirror is needed to replace a 800
mm focal length telephoto lens? (OpenStax 25.54) +1.60 m
8. (a) Calculate the focal length of the mirror formed by the shiny back of a spoon that has a 3.00 cm radius of curvature.
(b) What is its power in diopters? (OpenStax 25.55) −𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟐 m, -66.7 D
9. Electric room heaters use a concave mirror to reflect infrared (IR) radiation from hot coils. Note that IR follows the same
law of reflection as visible light. Given that the mirror has a radius of curvature of 50.0 cm and produces an image of the
coils 3.00 m away from the mirror, what is the magnification of the heater element. Note that its large magnitude helps
spread out the reflected energy. (OpenStax 25.56) -11.0
10. What is the focal length of a makeup mirror that produces a magnification of 1.50 when a person’s face is 12.0 cm
away? Solve with both a ray diagram and the mirror equation. (OpenStax 25.57) 0.360 m
11. A shopper standing 3.00 m from a convex security mirror sees his image with a magnification of 0.250. (a) Where is his
image? (b) What is the focal length of the mirror? (c) What is its radius of curvature? (OpenStax 25.58) -0.750 m, -1.00 m,
2.00 m
12. An object 1.50 cm high is held 3.00 cm from a person’s cornea, and its reflected image is measured to be 0.167 cm high.
(a) What is the magnification? (b) Where is the image? (c) Find the radius of curvature of the convex mirror formed by the
cornea. (Note that this technique is used by optometrists to measure the curvature of the cornea for contact lens fitting.
The instrument used is called a keratometer, or curve measurer.) (OpenStax 25.59) +0.111, -0.334 cm, -0.752 cm

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews To be used with OpenStax College

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