PERSONAL

PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
(PPE)
 Definisi : NIOSH (National Institute for
“specialized clothing or
Occupational Safety and Health) :
equipment worn by an 1
employee for protection Devices and garments to protect
against infectious
materials” (OSHA) workers from injuries.

2 Designed to protect : Eyes, Face,

Head, Ears, Feet, Hands and Arms,
Respiratory System and Whole
body.
3
Includes : Goggles, Face shields,
Safety glasses, Hard hats, Safety
shoes, Gloves, Vests, Respirators,
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1 Earplugs and Earmuffs.
 EMPLOYERS • Employers must protect employees from workplace
hazards such as machines, hazardous substances,
and dangerous work procedures that can cause
injury.
• Employers must: Use all feasible engineering and
work practice controls to eliminate and reduce
hazards Then use appropriate personal protective
Employee : equipment (PPE) if these controls do not eliminate
• Use PPE in accordance with the hazards.
training received and other • Responsibility :
instructions - Assess workplace for hazards,
- Provide PPE,
• Inspect daily and maintain in a
- Determine when to use,
clean and reliable condition
- Provide PPE training for employees and instruction
in proper use

www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 Hierarchy of
Safety and
Health Controls
• If . . .
The machine or work environment can be
ENGINEERING
physically changed to prevent employee exposure CONTROLS
to the potential hazard,
• Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with an engineering
control.

Ex : Initial design specifications • Substitute less

harmful material • Change process • Enclose
process • Isolate process • Ventilation

www.identificacionycontrol.tk
• If . . . ADMINISTRATIVE
Employees can be removed from exposure to the CONTROLS/
potential hazard by changing the way they do their
jobs,
WORK PRACTICE
• Then . . . CONTROLS
The hazard can be eliminated with a work practice
control

Ex ; • Use of wet methods to suppress dust •

Personal hygiene • Housekeeping and
maintenance • Job rotation of workers

www.identificacionycontrol.tk
• Not to be used permanently as a
substitute for maintaining a safe PPE SHOULD
and healthy work environment.
BE A HAZARD
• Use only when the work PROTECTION
environment cannot be made OF LAST
safer
E.g. through hazard elimination engineering,
RESORT
administration or by limiting work exposure

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 1. IDENTIFY THE HAZARD(S).
PPE HAZARD - chemical, mechanical, light energy,
ASSESSMENT electrical, fire process, hot process.

2. IDENTIFY THE POTENTIAL EXPOSYRE

ROUTE.
- Inhalation, skin contact, eye contact.

3. IDENTIFY THE TYPE OF SKIN CONTACT.

- immersion, spray, splash, mist, vapor.

4. CONSIDER THE EXPOSURE TIME.

- incidental contact, continuous
immersion, unknown/emergency.
PROBLEM If PPE is used as the first option
without reducing hazard at source:

WITH PPE • Risk to workers if PPE fails and

1 failure not detected.

• Cause employees to believe they are

2 "safe" and may take higher risks.

• Result in worse consequences if

3 people fail or forget to wear
equipment.

• Will shift the responsibility for safe

4 working condition from the employer
to the employee.
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 WHAT TO PROTECT FROM
1 2 3

Impact (e.g. flying & Chemicals hazardous to Radiation (IR & NIR) (e.g.
falling objects, knocks health (gases and heat, high intensity light,
& bumps) liquid) noise)

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 WHAT TO PROTECT FROM
4 5 6

Dust (mineral dust) Wet (slip) Sharp objects

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
• Selection of PPE is dependent on the
hazard identification, risk assessment
and control measures implemented.
• PPE is used to
complement/combination of other
control measure. CONSIDERATION
• PPE selected must be carried out under
a PPE program. IN SELECTION
• PPE must be certified products to
ensure acceptable level of protection
from hazards.
• Limitations of PPE must be identified
adhered to.

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
Make it easy for employee to comply :
• Understand the necessity to wear the
PPE
• Easy and comfortable with minimum
interference to work
CONSIDERATION
• Pre-purchase employee feedback on IN SELECTION
equipment
• Psychological: employee vanity, virility
• Incentives and disincentives on wearing
the PPE

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 TRAINING ON PPE

• Hazard recognition in the work environment

• What control measures can be taken

• The type of PPE suitable for use

• The limitations of PPE

• Practicing using the PPE

• Cleaning, maintaining and repairing PPE

• Use of PPE in dealing with emergencies

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 TRAINING ON PPE

Employee should know :

- When is PPE necessary,

- What is PPE necessary,

- How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE,

- Limitations of PPE,

- Proper care, maintenance, useful life, disposal,

- Involve on selection.
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 PPE IS PERSONAL!

Fit :
• PPE must be properly fitted to ensure reliable
protection.

Care :
• Issued on a personal basis.

• Individuals responsible for the day to day use,

handling, cleaning, storage and maintenance,
reporting of defects.
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 MULTIPLE USER OF PPE

1 2

Should be correctly Appropriate

used, handled, procedures on
suitable cleaning
stored, cared for and sterilisation
and maintained. must be provided.

MUST BE OBSERVED AT ALL TIMES!!

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 Other OSHA PPE Standards :
OSHA PPE 1910.133, Eye and Face Protection
Standards 1910.134, Respiratory Protection
1910.135, Head Protection
1910.136, Occupational Foot
Protection
1910.137, Electrical protective
devices
1910.138, Hand Protection
ANSI standards have a significant
www.identificacionycontrol.tk role
 FACE & EYE • Google, spectacles/safety glasses,
face shields.
PROTECTION • Protecting from : physical/falling
objects, chemical agents, radiation,
dust and other flying particles,
molten metal/acids and other
caustic liquid chemicals that might
splash, blood and other potentially
infectious body fluids that might
splash, spray, or splatter, intense
light such as that created by
welding and lasers.
• Has the widest use and the widest
range of styles, models and types
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 FACE & EYE 1910.133, Eye and Face Protection :

PROTECTION Side protection when hazard from

flying objects
Prescription eye protection or
devices must fit over glasses for
employees who wear glasses
Eye and face PPE shall be distinctly
marked
Lenses for protection against radiant
energy must have an appropriate shade
number for the work being performed
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 FACE & EYE
PROTECTION Additional ANSI requirements : Testing
Normal, high velocity and high mass
impact, penetration (plastic)
Corrosion and flammability
resistance
Cleanability
Optical criteria
Minimum thickness

www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 FACE & EYE PROTECTION

GOOGLES : WELDING SHIELDS FACE SHIELDS

• Protect eyes, eye • Protect eyes from burns • Protect the face from
sockets, and the facial caused by infrared or nuisance dusts and
area immediately intense radiant light, and potential splashes or
surrounding the eyes protect face and eyes sprays of hazardous
from impact, dust, and from flying sparks, metal liquids
splashes spatter, and slag chips
produced during welding, • Do not protect employees
• Some goggles fit over from impact hazards
corrective lenses brazing, soldering, and
cutting
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 Protective helmets are intended to:
HEAD • Protect the head from the force of
PROTECTION impact of falling objects or from
electric shock.
• Shield the head and hair from
entanglement in machinery or
exposure to environments.
• Examples: Construction work,
logging, mining, metal or chemical
production, congested multi -
storied process area or areas with
low slung pipes or headroom, etc.
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 HEAD 1910.135, Head Protection :
Employees must wear
PROTECTION appropriate protective helmets in
areas of falling object hazards or
exposed electrical conductors
Protective helmets must
comply with ANSI Z89.1-1986,
"American National Standard for
Personnel Protection-Protective
Headwear for Industrial Workers-
Requirements,"
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 HEAD Class A
• General service (e.g., mining, building construction,
PROTECTION shipbuilding, lumbering, and manufacturing)
• Good impact protection but limited voltage protection

Class B
• Electrical work
• Protect against falling objects and high-voltage shock
and burns

Class C
• Designed for comfort, offer limited protection
• Protects heads that may bump against fixed objects,
but do not protect against falling objects or electrical
shock
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 HANDS & Protecting from : Burns • Bruises • Abrasions •
Cuts • Punctures • Fractures • Amputations •

ARMS Chemical Exposures

PROTECTION Hand and finger injuries account for 18% of all

disabling injuries and about 25% of all industrial
work place accidents

Materials :
• Leather : abrasion protection, heat resistance.
• PVC : abrasion protection, water and limited
chemical resistance.
• Rubber : degreasing, paint spraying.
• Cloth/nylon : hand grip
• Latex : electrical insulation work
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 HANDS & 1910.138, Hand Protection :
Employees must use appropriate hand
ARMS protection when hands are exposed to
PROTECTION hazards:
skin absorption of harmful substances
severe cuts or lacerations
severe abrasions
Punctures
chemical burns
thermal burns
harmful temperature extremes
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 HANDS & 1910.138, Hand Protection (cont.) :
ARMS
PROTECTION Hand protection must be selected in
accord with an evaluation of:
performance characteristics
conditions present
duration of use
hazards and potential hazards
identified
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 HANDS & Silver shield

ARMS
PROTECTION

www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 HANDS & neoprene

ARMS
PROTECTION

www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 HANDS &
ARMS
PROTECTION

www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 FOOT Safety boots and shoes with patterns :
anti-slip, anti-static, electrically conductive
PROTECTION or insulating.

Hazards : wet/hot surfaces, electrostatic

build -up; cuts and punctures; falling
objects, heavy loads, sharp objects; metal
and chemical splash; vehicles.

Toe and foot injuries account for 5% of all

disabling workplace injuries. Workers not
wearing safety shoes have 75% of all
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
occupational foot injuries.
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 FOOT 1910.136, Occupational Foot Protection :

PROTECTION Employees must wear protective footwear

in areas in danger of foot injuries :
falling or rolling objects
objects piercing the sole
electrical hazards

Protective footwear shall comply with

ANSI Z41-1991, "American National
Standard for Personal Protection
Protective Footwear"
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 FOOT Requirements of ANSI Z41 :
PROTECTION Footwear classified by impact and
compression resistance
Special footwear types :
- Metatarsal (protects top of foot)
- Conductive (primarily for static
electricity control)
- Electrical hazard (insulated)
- Sole puncture resistance
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 Hazard : machining, grinding,
HEARING pneumatic equipment, rock drilling,
PROTECTION piling work, hammering, generators,
ventilation fans, motors, punch and
brake presses.

Selection of hearing protection :

(i) The characteristics of the noise
(ii) Frequency of exposure
(iii) Comfort of the user
(iv) Communication needs
(v) Medical conditions
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
 HEARING
PROTECTION 1910.95 requires hearing
protection for employees exposed
above 85 dB.

Hearing protectors are labeled

with the NRR (noise reduction
rating).

www.identificacionycontrol.tk
RESPIRATORY
PROTECTION Designed to protect the wearer against:

• To protect employees from breathing

contaminated and / or

• Protection against particulates, vapors,

• Oxygen-deficient air,

• Or combination of all the above

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
RESPIRATORY Jenis :
1. Air-purifying Respirators (APR) :
PROTECTION - Have filters, cartridges, or canisters that remove
contaminants from the air.
- Types: Particulate, Gas & Vapor, Combination.
- Half face, full face, powered APR.

2. Atmosphere/Air-supplying Respirators :
- Supply clean air directly to the user from a source
other than the air surrounding the user.
- Types: Air-Supplied, Combination, Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCBA).
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1 - Using grade D air.
RESPIRATORY APR
PROTECTION

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
RESPIRATORY APR cartridge
PROTECTION

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
APR
ASR
 BODY Materials:
• Impervious clothing
PROTECTION • Protection against heat, flame and hot metal
• Others

Protecting from : Intense heat • Splashes of hot metals

and other hot liquids • Impacts from tools, machinery,
and materials • Cuts • Hazardous chemicals • Contact
with potentially infectious materials, like blood •
Radiation

Types of body protection: Vests Aprons Jackets

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1 Coveralls/Full body suits
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 General Consideration on selection :
BODY - Permeation : ASTM F739.
PROTECTION - Penetration.

- Degradation.

- Comfort

- Heat stress

- Ergonomic

- Cost

Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
www.identificacionycontrol.tk
 BODY
PROTECTION
If PPE is to be used, then: 46

• Write in the OSH policy on usage of INTRODUCING

PPE and communicate it to employees
and visitors.
PPE
• Select the proper type of PPE.
• Implement a thorough training
programme.
• Make certain the employees know the
correct use and maintenance of the
equipment.
• Enforce its use.
Copyright@NIOSH 2005/1
www.safestart.com
www.safestart.com
www.safestart.com
www.safestart.com 50
www.safestart.com