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Occupational Exposure To Dust

Dust is defined as small solid particles less than 75 micrometers in diameter that can remain suspended in air. Occupational dust exposure comes from mineral, metal, organic, and biological sources. Workers can inhale or absorb dust through their skin. Larger particles deposit in the head airways while smaller particles reach the lungs. Dust exposure health effects depend on dust type and concentration. Prevention strategies include controlling dust at the source through engineering solutions, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment as well as monitoring dust levels.

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Tony Guo
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75 views11 pages

Occupational Exposure To Dust

Dust is defined as small solid particles less than 75 micrometers in diameter that can remain suspended in air. Occupational dust exposure comes from mineral, metal, organic, and biological sources. Workers can inhale or absorb dust through their skin. Larger particles deposit in the head airways while smaller particles reach the lungs. Dust exposure health effects depend on dust type and concentration. Prevention strategies include controlling dust at the source through engineering solutions, safe work practices, and personal protective equipment as well as monitoring dust levels.

Uploaded by

Tony Guo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Occupational Exposure

to Dust
Tony Guo
10301016034

What is dust?

According to the International Standardization Organization [1]: "Dust: small


solid particles, conventionally taken as those particles below 75 m in
diameter, which settle out under their own weight but which may remain
suspended for some time".

According to the "Glossary of Atmospheric Chemistry Terms" [2]


"Dust: Small, dry, solid particles projected into the air by natural forces, such
as wind, volcanic eruption, and by mechanical or man-made processes such as
crushing, grinding, milling, drilling, demolition, shoveling, conveying,
screening, bagging, and sweeping. Dust particles are usually in the size range
from about 1 to 100 m in diameter, and they settle slowly under the
influence of gravity.

Examples Found In the Work


Environment

Mineral dusts contains free crystalline silica, coal, and cement dusts

Metallic dusts lead, cadmium, nickel, beryllium

Organic and vegetable dusts flour, wood, cotton, pollen, tea dusts

Biohazards molds and spores

Others - bulk chemicals and pesticides

Routes of Exposure

Inhalation nasal and oral, dependence of inhalation includes: particle


aerodynamic diameter, air movement around the body, and breathing rate.

Deposition sedimentation, inertia of impact, diffusion, interception,


electrostatic deposition.

Mechanism

Large inhaled particles, with aerodynamic diameter greater than about 30


um, are usually deposited in the airways of the head

Nasal breathing deposited by filtration of nasal hairs and impaction of


airflow changes. Retention is helped by mucus. Oral breathing results in more
dust accumulated in the body.

The particles that fail to deposit in the head will deposit in the
tracheobronchial airway (larger size); Or alveolar region (smaller size), where
gases can be absorbed by the blood.

Other routes include skin absorption (sweat) and directly effecting the skin
(dermatitis), and ingestion (hygiene).

Generation and Release

Mechanical breakdown Primary airborne dust: Usually originate from larger


masses of the same material via grinding, cutting, drilling, crushing,
explosion, or strong friction between certain materials. Vegetable dusts result
in a similar fashion.

Dispersion - Airborne dust may arise from dispersal of materials in powder or


granular form ie transferring, dumping, filling or emptying bags/containers,
dropping material from a hopper to a weighing station, weighing, mixing,
conveying, etc. This mechanism also releases dust, as opposed to just
generate dust, due to impaction and friction.

Effect on Health

Health effects resulting from exposure to dust may become apparent only
after long term exposure.

The health risk associated with a dusty job depends on the type of dust,
which will determine its toxicological properties, and resulting health effect.

Exposure depends on the air concentration and particle diameter of the dust,
and exposure time. The dose received is further influenced by conditions that
affect the uptake

Prevention Strategies and Measures

Demming cycle to solve quality problems[3]: Plan -> Do -> Check -> Adjust

Problem solving cycle for occupational safety[4], health and environmental


problems during operations, redesign of operations: Current conditiondesired condition -> problem recognition and definition -> problem
analysis -> priority allocation -> solution generation -> choice of solutions
-> implementation -> monitoring and evaluation of effects -> planning for
contingencies

Prevention Strategies and Measures

Establishment of hazard prevention and control programs involvement and


cooperation of management, production personnel, workers and occupational
health professionals.

Required resources technology and management

Policy and management tools a clear and agreed policy, as well as


committed management for implementation

Continuous improvement monitoring performance, then adapt

Thank you for listening!

References
1.

ISO (1995). Air Quality - Particle Size Fraction Definitions for Health-related Sampling.
ISO Standard 7708. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva.

2.

IUPAC (1990). Glossary of atmospheric chemistry terms. International Union of Pure and
Applied Chemistry, Applied Chemistry Division, Commission on Atmospheric Chemistry.
Pure and Applied Chemistry 62 (11):2167-2219.

3.

ISO (1987). International Standard 9001: Quality management - Model for quality
assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing. International
Standard 9002: Quality management - Model for quality assurance in production and
installation. International Standard 9003: Quality management - Model for quality
assurance in final inspection and test. International Standard 9004: Quality
management - Model for quality assurance and quality system elements. International
Organization for Standardization, Geneva.

4.

Hale A, Heming B, Carthy J, Kirwan B (1997). Modelling of safety management systems.


Safety Science 26(1/2):121-140.

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