BRIGHT INSTITUTE

Operating System Review

 fzpdpapd; $Wfs; Software

Hardware / Software / Firmware / Liveware

 Booting
System Software Application Software
BIOS / POST / CMos / MBR
RAM  OS
Operating System Tailor-made Software

Utility Software Packaged Software

Language Translator

 gadUf;Fk; fzpdpf;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;G Utility Software

User Application Software Operating System Hardware

 gzpnray; Kiwikapd; ,d;wpaikahik

 gaeu; kw;Wk; fzpdp td;nghUl;fSf;fpilapyhd njhlu;ig Vw;gLj;JtNj gzpnray;
KiwikahFk;.
 ,jd; %yk;
 gpuNahf nkd;nghUl;fis epWTjy;> njhopw;gl fl;lisfis toq;Fjy;.
 cs;sPl;L> tUtpisTr; rhjdq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
 fzpdp Kiwikapd; td;nghUl;fis Kfhik nra;jy;
gpujhd njhopy;fs;
 gadu; el;G ,ilKfj;ij toq;Fjy;.

 gy;NtWgl;l gzpnray; Kiwikfs;

 Windows OS (License) * Mobile / Tab - Windows Mobile * Server - Windows Server
 Mac (License) * Only Use Apple Macintosh Computers
 Ubuntu (Open source)
 Android (Open source)
 Hanthana Linux / Isuru Linux (Open source) * Built by SriLanka using Linux OS

 gzpnray; Kiwikia tifg;gLj;jy;

 jdpg;gad;ghL (Single User) - MS DOS
 gy;;gad;ghL (Multi User) - Linux, Windows Sever
 gy;nfhs; gzp (Multi Tasking) - Windows 7, 8, 10, etc.. , Mac, Ubuntu
 epfo; Neuk; (Real Time) - ATM, Calculator, Airline Reservation

 Nfhg;Gf;fs; (Files)
xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlh;Ggl;l jfty;fspd; njhFg;G Nfhg;G vdg;gLfpd;wJ.

 Nfhg;G tiffs;

Nfhg;G tifapidj; jPu;khdpf;Fk; xU rhj;jpaf;$whd eilKiw El;gkhf> Nfhg;GePl;rp

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
cs;slf;fj;jpid mbg;gilahf nfhz;L Nfhg;G tiffis ntt;NtW tifahf tifg;gLj;jyhk;.
 ,aq;ff;$ba (Executable) - .exe  fhnzhsp (Video ) - .vob, .flv, .swf,…
 thrfk; (Text ) - .txt, .docx, .Nghd;wd Nghd;wd
 gbkk; (Image) - .bmp, .png, .jpeg, …  xypmikg;G (Audio) - .wav, .mp3,… Nghd;wd
Nghd;wd
BRIGHT INSTITUTE | Compiled By : G. Basil Arun
  neUf;fg;gl;l (Compressed) - .rar, .zip,… Nghd;wd

Que  gpd;tUk; tifahd Nfhg;Gf;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gzpnray; Kiwikfs; vitnad fz;lwpf.

 FAT 16 - Windows OS (MS DOS only)
 FAT 32 - Windows OS (Not supported for DOS)
 NTFS - Windows OS (* Now these days) NTFS - New Technology File System
 ext4 - Linux
 Reiser FS - Linux
 APFS - Apple

Que  gzpnray; Kiwikapy; Nfhg;Gf;fis mZFk; gpd;tUk; Kiwfisg; gw;wp RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.
 tupir mZfy; (Sequential Access) - epidtfj;jpYs;s juTfis xOq;F Kiwapy;
mZFtJ.

 vOkhw;W mZfy; (Random Access) - ,jid Neub mZfy; my;yJ rPuw;w mZfy; vdTk;
miog;gu;. ,J juTfis my;yJ cs;slf;fj;jpid Neubahf mZFk; jpwd; nfhz;lJ

 gzpnray; Kiwik Nfhg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;jpw;F Mw;Wk; gzpfs;

 Gjpa Nfhg;Gf;fis cUthf;fy;> mtw;iw cupathW Nrkpj;jy;
 Njitaw;w Nfhg;Gf;fis ePf;fy;
 Njitf;Nfw;g Nfhg;G Nfhg;G ciwfis cUthf;fYk; Njitaw;w Nfhg;G ciwfis mopj;jYk;.

 fzpdp Kiwikapd; td;nghUl;fis Kfhik nra;jy;

 Kiwtop Kfhik (Process Management)  Nfhg;G Kfhik (File Management)
 epidtf Kfhik (Memory Management)  fhg;G Kfhik (Security Management)
 rhjd Kfhik (Device Management)  tiyaikg;G Kfhik (Network Management)

 Nkff; fzpdpr; nraw;ghL (Cloud Computing)

 gadu; el;G ,ilKfj;ij toq;fy;

 fl;lisf; Nfhl;L ,ilKfk; (CLI)
 tiutpay; gadu; ,ilKfk; (GUI) / WIMP

 gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUl;fs; (Utility Software)

gpd;D}l;Lk;
Nfhg;Gf;fis td;tl;by; ,Ue;J kP@l;lw; gpujpnaLj;jy;
nkd;nghUs;
(Backup Hard Drive)
(Backup software)
tl;L guPl;rpg;ghd; tl;Lf;fspy; FiwghLfs; cs;s ,lq;fis ,dq;fhZk; nkd;nghUs;
(Disk scanner) (to check errors in hard drive)
tl;Lj; Jz;lhf;fy; tl;by; RahjPdkhf (ntWikahd) rpwpa gpuNjrq;fis ,izj;J xU ngupa
(Disk Defragmentation) gpuNjrj;ij cUthf;fp tl;bid xOq;fikj;jy;.
nfhs;gzp Kfhik fzpdpapy; nraw;gLk; nra;epuy;fs;> Kiwtopfs; gw;wpa jfty;fis toq;Fjy;>
(Task Manager) fzpdpapd; toik epiyfisf; fhl;Ljy; ,jd; %yk; ,lk; ngWk;.
er;R epuy; vjpu;g;G
nkd;nghUs; me;epa nkd;nghUl;fis ,dq;fhzy;> mtw;iw mfw;Wjy; %yk; fzpdpiag;
ghJfhj;jy; (malicious software)
(Antivirus software)
tl;Lg; gpuptply;
nkd;nghUs; ,jd; %yk; jdpahd nrYj;jpia gy jUf;fr; nrYj;jpfshf gpupf;Fk; trjp
(Disk Partitioning nra;jy;.
Software)

BRIGHT INSTITUTE | Compiled By : G. Basil Arun

  tl;L gpuptplçd; mtrpak;
 fzpdpapy; Nrkpf;fg;gLk; tplaq;fis ntt;Ntwhfr; Nrkpj;jy;.
 gzpnray; Kiwikfs; gytw;iw epWTjy;
 gzpnray; Kiwikapd; Njitapidg; G+u;j;jpnra;jy;

 Creating a ‘FOLDER’ [Shift + Ctrl + N]

 Select the Drive
 Right Click (Menu is appears)
 New
 Folder
(Name it and Press Enter)

 File / Folder
 Copy - Ctrl + C
 Paste - Ctrl + V
 Cut - Ctrl + X

 Delete
 Permanently Delete - Shift + Press ‘Delete’ Key
 Temporarily Delete - Right Click  Delete / Click the File or Folder  Press ‘Delete’ Key
[,t;thW Delete nra;ag;gl;l File or Folder MdJ Recycle Bin ,y; fhzg;gLk;]

tpdhf;fSk; tpilfSk;

1. ‘njhlf;Fjy;’ (Booting) vd;why; vd;d?

gzpnray; KiwikahdJ (OS) jw;Nghf;F ngWtop epidtfj;jpDs; (RAM) gpuNtrpj;jy; booting
vdg;gLk;.

2. nkd;nghUs; (software) vd;why; vd;d?

fzpdpapd; %ykhf Fwpg;gpl;l gzpia Nkw;nfhs;sj; Njitahd mwpTWj;jy;fspd; jpul;Nl nkd;nghUs;
vdg;gLk;.

3. nkd;nghUl;fspd; gpujhd tifg;gLj;jy;fs; vit?

 Kiwik nkd;nghUs; (System software)
 gpuNahf nkd;nghUs; (Application software)

4. Kiwik nkd;nghUl;fspd; gpujhd tifg;gLj;jy;fs; vit?

 gzpnray; Kiwik (Operating System)
 gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUs; (Utility software)
 nkhop ngau;g;gpfs; (Language Translator)

5. gpuNahf nkd;nghUl;fspd; gpujhd tifg;gLj;jy;fs; vit?

 NjitkPJ jahu; nra;j nkd;nghUs; (Tailor made software)
 nghjp nra;j nkd;nghUs; (Packaged software)

6. nkhop ngau;g;gpfspd; gpujhd tifg;gLj;jy;fs; vit?

 xUq;F Nru;g;gp (Assembler)
 njhFg;gp (compiler)
 tupnkhop khw;wp Æ nghUl; Nfhlç (Interpreter)

7. NjitkPJ jahu; nra;j nkd;nghUspYk; ghu;f;f nghjp nra;j nkd;nghUs; Vd; rpwe;jJ vdf; $Wf.
 ed;F guPl;rpf;fg;gl;lJ
 gpiofs; Vw;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fs; FiwT
 vq;Fk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk; (download)
BRIGHT INSTITUTE | Compiled By : G. Basil Arun
 8. gpuNahf nkd;nghUspw;F cjhuzk; jUf.
 nrhy; Kiwtopg;gLj;jy; nkd;nghUs;  juTj;js nkd;nghUs;
 tpupjhs; nkd;nghUs;  Njlw;nghwp nkd;nghUl;fs;
9. gzpnray; Kiwikapd; gpujhd njhopy; ahJ?
fzpdpay; epWtg;gl;Ls;s Vida nkd;nghUl;fs;> td;nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;iw Kfhik nra;J gadu;
fzpdpia gad;gLj;j trjp nra;J nfhLg;gNj gzpnray; Kiwikapd; gpujhd njhopyhFk;.

10. td;nghUs;> Kiwik nkd;nghUs;> gpuNahf nkd;nghUs; vd;gdtw;wpd; njhlu;igf; fhl;Ltjw;Fupa

tupAUit tiuf.

11. fzpdpapy; epWtg;gl;Ls;s gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUl;fspd; (utility software) gad;ghLfs; vit?

 fzpdpapy; epWtg;gl;Ls;s Vida nkd;nghUl;fis gFg;gha;T nra;jy;.
 nraw;ghLfSf;Fupa kpfg; nghUj;jkhd nkd;nghUl;fisj; njupT nra;jy;.
 fzpdpiag; guhkupj;jy;.

12. nkhop ngau;g;gpfs; vd;why; vd;d?

cau;kl;l nra;epuyhf;f nkhopfis fzpdp nkhopahd ,ae;jpu nkhopf;F nkhopngau;g;Gr; nra;Ak;
nkd;nghUl;fs; nkhop ngau;g;gpfs; vdg;gLk;.

13. gzpnray; Kiwikapd; ,d;wpaikahj nraw;ghLfs; vit?

 gy;NtW gpuNahf nkd;nghUl;fis fzpdpapy; epWTjy;
 njhopw;glr; nra;aj; Njitahd fl;lisfis toq;Fjy;
 cs;sPl;L> tUtpisT> epidtfk;> tiyaikg;G> Nfhg;Gf;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw Kfhik nra;jy;.
 fzpdpapy; epWtg;gl;Ls;s Vida nkd;nghUl;fis ,af;Fjy;.

14. fzpdpf;Fk; gadUf;Fkpilapyhd njhlu;igf; fhl;Ltjw;Fupa tupg;glk; tiuf.

15. gjpg;Gupik nfhz;lJk; gzk; nrYj;jpg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;baJkhd Kiwik nkd;nghUl;fs; rpy
jUf.
 Windows OS - Microsoft Corporation
 Mac OS - Apple Corporation
BRIGHT INSTITUTE | Compiled By : G. Basil Arun
 16. ,ytrkhf ,izaj;jpy; ,Ue;J gjptpwf;fk; nra;af;$ba ,ytr jpwe;j %y gzpnray; KiwikfSf;F
rpy cjhuzk; jUf.
 Hanthana Linux  Ubuntu
 Android (Google)  Isuru Linux

17. ,yq;ifapdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;s gzpnray; KiwikfSf;F cjhuzk; jUf.

 Isuru Linux
 Hanthana Linux

18. gzpnray; Kiwikapd; tifg;gLj;jy;fs; vit? mtw;iw cjhuzj;Jld; tpsf;Ff.

 jdpg; gad;ghL (Single User)
xU jlitapy; xU gadUf;F khj;jpuk; Nritia toq;Fk; gzpnray; KiwikahFk;.
Eg: MS DOS
 gy; gad;ghL (Multi User)
xU jlitapy; xd;wpw;F Nkw;gl;l gadu;fshy; fzpdpapy; njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba
gzpnray; KiwikahFk;.
Eg: Linux, Windows Server
 gy;nfhs; gzp (Multi Task)
xU jlitapy; gy njhopw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba gzpnray; KiwikahFk;.
Eg: Windows 7, 8, 10, Ubuntu, Mac OS
 epfo; Neuk; (Real Time)
,J cs;sPl;il toq;fpaJk; jhkjkpd;wp ntspaPl;il toq;Fk; gzpnray; KiwikahFk;.
Eg: ATM machine, Calculator

19. fzpdpg; gzpnray; Kiwik %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ,U gpujhd njhopy;fSk; vit?

 fzpdp KiwikapYs;s td;nghUl;fis fl;Lg;gLj;jp Kfhik nra;jy;
 gadu; el;G ,ilKfj;ij toq;Fjy;

20. fzpdp td;$Wfspd; Kfhikg; gpupTfs; vit?

 Kiwtop Kfhik (Process Management)  Nfhg;G Kfhik (File Management)
 epidtf Kfhik (Memory Management)  fhg;G Kfhik (Security Management)
 rhjd Kfhik (Device Management)  tiyaikg;G Kfhik (Network Management)

21. Kiwtop Kfhik vd;why; vd;d?

fzpdpapd; nraw;ghLfs; midj;Jk; gzpnray; Kiwikapd; myFfshy; gpupf;fg;gl;L
epiwNtw;wg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thwhd myFj; njhopw;ghLfs; Kiwtop Kfhik vdg;gLk;.

22. gzpnray; Kiwikapd; ts Kfhikj;Jtj;jpd;NghJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; gzpfs; vit?

 Kiwtopf;Fj; Njitahd tifapy; CPU ,dhy; Neuk; xJf;fg;gly;.
 epidtfj;ij xJf;Fjy;.
 cupa Kiwtopf;fhd cs;sPl;L tUtpisT myif Ntwhf;fpf; nfhs;sy;.

23. epidtfj;jpy; (RAM) eilngWk; gpujhd nraw;ghLfs; rpy jUf.

 midj;J juTfSk; CPU ,w;F mDg;gg;gLk; tiu Ngzp itj;jpUj;jy;.
 Kiwtopahf;fg;gl;l juTfis (jfty;fs;) tUtpisT myfpw;F mDg;gg;gLk; tiu NgZjy;.

24. epidtf Kfhikr; nraw;ghl;il tupg;glk; %yk; tpsf;Ff.

BRIGHT INSTITUTE | Compiled By : G. Basil Arun

 25. nrYj;jpr; nra;epuy;fspd; (device drivers) gad;ghL ahJ?
rhjd Kfhikf;nfd rhjdf; fl;Lg;gLj;jpfs; (Device controllers)> nkd;nghUs; gFjpfs; vd;gtw;iwf;
fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.

26. Nfhg;G Kfhikf;F gzpnray; Kiwikahy; Mw;wg;gLk; gzpfs; vit?

 Gjpa Nfhg;Gf;fisj; jahupj;jYk; mtw;iw cupathW Nrkpj;jYk;.
 Njitaw;w Nfhg;Gf;fis mopj;jy;.
 Nfhg;Giwfis cUthf;fYk; Njitaw;w Nfhg;Giwfis mopj;jYk;.
 Nfhg;G> Nfhg;GiwfSf;F kPs;ngauply;.
 Nfhg;G> Nfhg;Giwfs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpid khw;Wjy;.

27. fzpdpapy; epWtg;gl;Ls;s nkd;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; td;nghUl;fs; gw;wpa tpguq;fis mwpa cjTtJ vJ?
System Profile

28. tl;Lg; gpuptply; (Disk Partition) vd;why; vd;d?

td;tl;il vkJ Njitf;Nfw;wthW ju;f;f uPjpahf ghfq;fshf Ntwhf;Fjy; tl;Lg;gpuptply; vdg;gLk;.

29. gpuptply; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tdtl;by; kPz;Lk; gpuptpliy Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ juTfSf;F ahJ epfOk;?
juTfs; ahTk; mope;JtpLk;. ,jdhy; juTfis fhg;ngLj;jy; (Backup) rpwe;jJ.

30. fzpdpnahd;wpy; Kjw; jlitahf gzpnray; Kiwikia epWTk; NghJ ahJ nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;?
 gpuptply;
 tbtikj;jy;.

BRIGHT INSTITUTE | Compiled By : G. Basil Arun