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Analysis and Design of Crane Beam

1. Introduction
. Based on basic design engineering], GCC hangar is building with steel construction equipped with
crane of building.
Cranes are lifting equipment used to help unload - install g and their components. Crane is a
tool in the placement of equipment during initial installation and during inspection and maintenance.
The capacity of the turbine crane building is planned to be 20 tons. Crane will be placed on a beam
that can move in the direction of the beam axis. Beam cranes can move perpendicular to the axis of the
beam crane. The purpose of this research is to design and analyze the beam crane of the planned GCC
building. Analysis is needed to produce a good, robust, efficient

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 The method used is Load Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Standard used is AISC Design
Guide 7 second edition [4] and CISC Crane Guide second edition [5].. Based on the basic drawing of
the GCC building design, the distance of the building column to the crane crossing is 0000 meters and
0000 METERS . It is planned that the total length of the girder crane is 00000meters AND 000
METER. Weight hoist and trolley 0000 kg and double girder 0000 kg selected from crane vendor. If
the crane capacity of 20 tons and the runway beam section type is W shape with cap channel according
to AISC standard then the W and C combination section size that meet the safe requirements is
W000x000 and C00x00 . Usually there are two types of material that are popular in building
construction, namely steel .

2. Theory
Overhead cranes are widely used in various fields, such as heavy industry, seaports, automotive
factories, and construction facilities . as well as special buildings such as reactor buildings and
industry buildings. Catastrophic crane failure is a potentially very dangerous and often fatal event [9].
Therefore, good crane planning and a careful fabrication process will produce a good overhead crane
system. In general beam cranes and other parts of the overhead crane system especially the type of
bridge is as shown in Figure 1

Figure 1. single girder electric overhead crane [10][12]

2.1. Loading on Structure

Loads are factors that must be taken into account in the design. In the building turbine beam crane
planning, the following types of loads need to be taken into account, namely:
 Dead load
The frame weight is a dead load, coming from all of the things that are attached to the frame
[9]. Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 1727 of 2013 defines that the dead load is the weight
of all building construction materials installed, including walls, floors, roofs, ceilings, stairs,
fixed partition walls, and finishing of buildings and other architectural and structural
components and equipment Installed services include crane weight [11]. The dead load will
be called DL.
 live load
Life Expenses are burdens that change in structure and are not fixed. In the turbine building,
the cranes and bridges and the maximum crane capacity can be considered as live load.

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 Load combinations
In the case of turbine building design the load factor is combined between dead load, live load
and earthquake load. Arrangement of load combination refers to the SNI 1727 standard in 2013. The
minimum combination of loading arrangements is a combination of basics. Structures, components
and foundations are designed so that their design strength is equal or greater than the effect of the
factored load in combination [11].

2.2. Method and Standards

In this paper the method used is the LRFD method. There are two calculated loads, Wheel load by
bridge self-weight (𝑃𝑏𝑟) as dead load and Wheel load by bridge selfweight (𝑃𝑙𝑡) as live load. In LRFD
method, the loading factor for dead load is 1.2 whereas for live load is 1.6. The load on the crane using
the LRFD method can be calculated using the following formulas of Crane load for AISC LRFD
design:
Wheel load by bridge self-weight
𝑃𝑏𝑟 = 𝑊𝑏𝑟 (1)
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 × 2 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠

Wheel load by lift load and

trolley
𝑃𝑙𝑡 = 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑃𝑏𝑟 (2)
Maximum factored vertical load/wheel
𝑃𝑣−𝑓 = 1.2 × 𝑃𝑏𝑟 + 1.6 × 𝑃𝑙𝑡 (3)
Maximum factored horizontal load/wheel
𝑃ℎ−𝑓 = 1.2 × 𝑃𝑏𝑟 + 1.6 × 𝑃𝑙𝑡 (4)
In the formula (1), the value of bridge weight (𝑊𝑏𝑟) can be obtained from the vendor's catalog

Maximum static load (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥) is the maximum load that counts. Maximum static load is
selected from the highest value between maximum wheel load by calculation (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑐 ) with
maximum wheel load by vendor (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑣).Maximum wheel load by calculation (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑐 ) is
calculated by summing crane rated capacity (𝑊𝑟𝑐) and trolley & hoist weight (𝑊𝑡ℎ) multiplied by
the difference of crane bridge span (𝑆𝑟) value to minimum hook approach (𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛) formulated as:
(𝑊𝑟𝑐+𝑊𝑡ℎ)(𝑆𝑟−𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛)
𝑃 = +𝑃 (5)
𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑐 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑟
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙×𝑆𝑟

while the maximum wheel load by vendor (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 −𝑣) value is obtained from the catalog of crane
manufacturers.
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥(𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑣, 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑐) (6)
While the minimum static wheel load (𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛) is defined as:
(𝑊𝑟𝑐+𝑊𝑡ℎ)𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 (7)
𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 = + 𝑃 𝑏𝑟
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙×𝑆𝑟

So, the free bridge crane object diagram of the vertical load to determine the maximum bending
moment and deflection can be described as Figure 2.
Figure 2. Free body diagram bridge crane
 By using the free body diagram in Figure 2 the maximum member forces for the crane runway
beam design can be calculated the value of maximum unfactored moment and moment by moving
wheel load at distance x. It can also be calculated maximum unfactored shear and shear by moving
wheel load at a distance of x. In this case x represents the maximum distance the occurrence of the
moment on the crane block beam.

Factor bending moment x-x

axis: 𝑀𝑐𝑟×𝑃𝑣−𝑓 × 1.2 (8)
𝑀𝑥 = + 𝑀 𝑠𝑤
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑎(𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡)
Factor bending moment y-y
axis: 𝑀 𝑀 𝑐𝑟×𝑃ℎ−𝑓 (9)
= 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑦

Factor shear along y-y axis:

𝑉𝑦 =
𝑉𝑐𝑟×𝑃𝑣−𝑓
+ 𝑉𝑠𝑤 × 1.2 (10)
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥×𝑎(𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑡)
The maximum deflection is obtained at a distance of x meter in the form of a deflection by
moving wheel load (𝐷𝑐𝑟) value of a certain value.
Check local buckling is done on the W shape profile selected. W shape classification includes
flange of W shape, web of W shape, flange of channel, and bending about x - x axis. So that local
buckling checks calculations using AISC 360 standard. the calculation result check local buckling pad
flange of W shape and web of W shape. Mn bending about x-x axis can also be obtained so that with
LRFD method moment value (M) at x meter distance can be obtained by Mx with deflection equal to f.
Secure conditions are met if the ratio of Mx to deflection if:
𝑀𝑥
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = ≤ 1.0 (11)
𝑓𝑀𝑛𝑥

3. Methodology
To be able to realize the purpose of analysis and design of beam crane this research used static
calculation method. Power calculation and analysis are also done by making a beam crane stretch
model. Beam crane size refers to basic engineering design as shown in Figure 3.
(a) (b)

Figure 3. The image appears at the level of -6.5 m and 0.0 m BED - RDE [3]
Figure 3(a) shows up THe building for a level of 0.0 m. At the 0.0 m level it is seen that the crane
service area width is 14 m center to center. This service width becomes the reference of the length of
beam crane which is the way for the crane to move. Furthermore, Figure 3(b) shows the side view of
the building. It is seen from the side. It is seen that at 000 m level EQUIPEMENT is laid. Generator
turbine is the main tool that will be served by crane building. If the crane is planned as a tonnage and
tidal support equipment then a 20 ton capacity crane can be planned with a beam crane as shown in
Figures 4. The design data is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. Design data of the experimental power plant turbine beam crane [3][5][12]

Parameter Symbol Nominal

Crane rated capacity Wrc 20,000.0 kg
Bridge weight Wbr 10,120.0 kg
Trolley & hoist weight Wth 2,950.0 kg
Bridge wheel spacing d1 3.7 m
Maximum static wheel load Pmax-v 17,282.0 kg
Crane bridge span Sr 13.0 m
Minimum hook approach left SL 1.2 m
right SR 1.2 m
Runway clearance distance right eL 0.5 m
left eL 0.5 m
Crane runway beam span L1 9.0 m

Sections should be numbered with a dot following the number and then separated by a single space:

Figure 4. Front and top view beam crane design

Steel frame
Steel frame beam cranes are made of Wide Flange (W) and C steel profiles AISC Table steel. The W
and C profile cross-sectional shape as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. W and C profile steel cross section

4. Result and Discussion

Therefore, the weight of the turbine component that will use the crane of the building is estimated to
be a maximum of 20 tons, then the crane capacity is 20 tons. Based on the calculations, the crane load
for design uses formulas (1) through (7) and data in Table 1 then the results of calculations.
Table 2. Crane load

Parameter Symbol Nominal

Wheel load by bridge self-weight 𝑃𝑏𝑟 2,531 kg (dead load)
Maximum static load 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 17,282 kg (live load)
Wheel load by lift load and trolley 𝑃𝑙𝑡 14,751 kg
Maximum factored vertical load/wheel 𝑃𝑣−𝑓 26,640 kg
Maximum factored horizontal load/wheel 𝑃ℎ−𝑓 1,688 kg
minimum static wheel load 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑛 3,520 kg

The result of factor bending moment x - x axis and factor bending moment factor y-y axis and factor
shear along y-y axis as shown in Table 3. In addition, the calculation result for critical deflection is
also obtained in Table 3. The ratio at the distance of x is also shown in Table 3.
Table 3. The calculation results of bending moment factor check

Parameter Symbol Nominal

Factor bending moment x - x axis 𝑀𝑥 84,345 kg-m
Factor bending moment y - y axis 𝑀𝑦 4,937 kg-m
Factor shear along y-y axis 𝑉𝑦 45,287 kg
Deflection moment x – x axis f 0.0229 m at x = 2.75 m
Ratio 0.44
allows for safe inspection of selected W00x00 and C00x00 steel profiles based on AISC Steel
Construction Manual . Inspection of steel safety ratio refers to AISC 360 standard which includes
bending ratio of the yy axis in the top flange - top running crane, biaxial bending ratio in the top
flange, shear alongside axis ratio, and sides way buckling ratio as shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Crane Runway Beam Design LRFD

Parameter Ratio Qualify

Bending about the x-x axis 0.44 ok
Bending about the y-y axis in the 0.12 ok
top flange – top running crane
Biaxial bending in the top flange 0.57 ok
Shear along y-y axis 0.23 ok
Web sides way buckling 0.57 ok