ENGLISH

SCHOOL BASE
ASSESSMENT
Topic: Sports

Candidate name: Dumissa Melville

Name of School: Saint John’s College
Teacher: Miss Fredricks
Subject: English A
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content Page
Plan of investigation..........................................................................................................................
References..................................................................................................................................
Reflection......................................................................................................................
Written report.............................................................................................
Appendix......................................................................................
 Plan of investigation

My group members and I have chosen the topic sports, I will be focusing on what is cricket and how to play
cricket. I have chosen this topic because I have observed that not a lot of people know about the game, I would
like to know about more about cricket, so I can educate my friends and family about what is it and how to play
it.
Engaging in this research will be beneficial to me because it will enhance my competence as an English
student, it will build my vocabulary because I will come across different word and terms and it will improve my
superior memory function because I will showed an increase in memory capacities and it will allow my brain to
keep information for longer duration.

I intend to gather information for my topic by consulting a variety of sources for meaningful information. I
will browser the internet for information and consult YouTube for potential video. I aim to use an online articles
and YouTube videos that show what is cricket and how to play it.
 What is cricket?
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the Centre of which
is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.
The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at the wicket with the bat, while the bowling and fielding
sideg tries to prevent this and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being
bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side catching the ball after it
is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the
teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in
international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who records the match's statistical
information.
Forms of cricket range from Twenty20, with each team batting for a single innings of 20 overs, to Test matches
played over five days. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or
team colors. In addition to the basic kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball,
which is a hard, solid spheroid made of compressed leather with a slightly raised sewn seam enclosing a cork
core layered with tightly wound string.
The earliest reference to cricket is in South East England in the mid-16th century. It spread globally with the
expansion of the British Empire, with the first international matches in the second half of the 19th century. The
game's governing body is the International Cricket Council (ICC), which has over 100 members, twelve of
which are full members who play Test matches. The game's rules, the Laws of Cricket, are maintained by
Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in London. The sport is followed primarily in the Indian subcontinent,
Australasia, the United Kingdom, southern Africa and the West Indies.[1] Women's cricket, which is organized
and played separately, has also achieved international standard. The most successful side playing
international cricket is Australia, which has won seven One Day International trophies, including five World
Cups, more than any other country and has been the top-rated Test side more than any other country.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cricket

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=yPXAzgwwo0A

Cricket is one of the most popular games in the world, with billions of fans in the Subcontinent, the
U.K., Australia, New Zealand and many other countries. Whether you've always wanted to play
yourself, or just live somewhere (such as America) where cricket is less common, if you are curious to
learn more about it, read the steps below to learn the basics of playing cricket.

Part 1


 1Acquire equipment. Cricket requires a few pieces of specialized equipment to play with
safety. At the bare minimum, 6 stumps, 4 bails, 2 cricket bats and 1 ball are required. Most
teams also have uniforms, and safety gear for the wicket-keeper. [1]

o Stumps and bails are wooden pieces that are assembled to create the wicket, one of
the most important objects in cricket. Setting up wickets is described in greater detail at
the end of this section.
o The cricket bat is a large bat made of willow wood that is flat on one side and bulged on
the other, for strength. The ball should be hit with the flat part of the bat for the best
distance on a hit.
o The cricket ball is similar to a baseball in size and composition, but is sewn in a straight
line rather than a tennis ball pattern, creating 2 equal hemispheres separated by
stitching. Cricket balls are traditionally red with white stitching; in modern times, white
balls are sometimes used for better visibility during “limited over” games (which
generally go into the night), where colored uniforms are worn rather than the traditional
white.
 o Cricket uniforms consist of long pants, a shirt (which may be long- or short-sleeved),
and shoes. Most cricket players wear cleats (spike-tread shoes) for better grip on the
field, but it isn't required. In games with a traditional red ball, outfits must always be
white or off-white. Team colors may be used for games with white balls.
o The wicket-keeper (a ball catcher) is allowed to wear safety equipment similar to that of
a baseball catcher's: webbed mitts, shin guards, and a helmet. No other player is
allowed to wear protective equipment in the field unless they are close to the batsmen in
which case, they get to wear a helmet and shin guards.


 2Learn about the cricket field. Cricket is played on a large, oval-shaped field. The field has
a rectangular strip in the center, which is called the pitch. A boundary line should be clearly
marked all around the outside edge of the field.

o The pitch is where the bowler (pitcher) bowls the ball to the other team's striker (batter).
Regulation play has the pitch at 22 yards (20.1 m) long by 10 feet (3.0 m) wide.
o A cricket field doesn't strictly have to be oval according to the rules, but it usually is.


 3Mark creases. Areas of the pitch are divided into segments by lines called “creases.” There
are 4 creases:[2]

o The popping crease, which is also sometimes called the batting crease, marks the
boundary beyond which the batter is no longer safe from being run out (taken out of
play by the fielding, or defending, team).
o The 2 return creases run parallel to the long edges of the pitch, one on each side, back
from the popping crease to the end of the pitch.
o The bowling crease runs parallel to the popping crease between the 2 return creases,
dividing the area behind the popping crease into 2 rectangular sections. The bowler
must stand at or behind the bowling crease before they bowl.
o Each end of the pitch is marked off with creases, leaving a rectangle of open space
between them on the center of the pitch. Aside from the boundary marker, the rest of
the cricket field is not marked.


 4Set up wickets. A wicket is a structure made from 3 stakes, called stumps, driven into the
ground, with 2 cross pieces called bails set on grooves between each pair of them (left-center
and center-right). In most cases, a batsman whose wicket loses a bail from being struck with
the ball, is out, so defending the wickets is an important part of offensive play.
 o Wickets should be set 28.5 inches (72.4 cm) high, with a total width of 9 inches (22.9
cm) across the three stumps.
o Wickets are placed so that the center stump of each wicket is in the center of the
bowling crease, with the other two stumps equidistant on either side of it along the
crease. One wicket is set up on each bowling crease, for a total of two on the pitch.
Batsmen (batters) stand in front of their wickets during play.

2
Part

Understanding Concepts and Rules



 1 Recognize the goal of the game. As in most field games, the goal of cricket is to score
points, called runs, against the opposing team by running from one point to another before the
play can be ended or you're run out by the defenders, who are called the “fielding team.” The
team at bat is called the “batting team.”[3]

 2 Learn the basics of gameplay. Each team in cricket is comprised of 11 players (though
an alternate twelfth player may be held in reserve in case of injury, but is not otherwise used
for anything). At any given time, the fielding team has all 11 players on the field, whereas the
batting team has 2, called the batsmen. The batsmen try to hit the ball after it is bowled by the
bowler for the fielding team, and then switch positions without getting an out to score runs. [4]

o All of the positions on the pitch have official names. The person who bowls the ball is
the bowler, and the batsman who is facing the bowler is called the striker. The other
batsman, who stands near the bowler at the far side of the pitch from the striker, is
called the non-striker. Finally, the fielding team member who stands behind the wickets
at the striker's end of the field is called the wicket-keeper. Other positions in the field
have colloquial names, but none are official.


 3 Understand the structure. Cricket, much like baseball, uses specialized terms to describe
each section of the game. Depending on the length of the game to be played, the number of
innings varies between 1 and 2 per team. Each innings (the word “innings” is used both
singular and plural) can contain any number of “overs,” which are sets of bowls. [5]

o Every time the bowler bowls the ball, whether or not it is hit by the striker, a tally is
counted. Once a bowler has bowled the ball 6 times in one direction, an “over” is
declared. At the over, the bowler must be replaced with a new bowler. Bowlers can't
 bowl consecutive overs, but they can rotate back in after at least 1 bowl from another
bowler, so theoretically 2 bowlers could trade off bowling for the entire innings. When
there's an over, the position of the bowler changes from one end of the pitch to the
other.
o This also means that the striker can change between overs, depending on which end of
the pitch they are on when the over is called. Strikers also change depending on how
many runs are completed, since the bowler doesn't change position except at an over.
For example, if only 1 run is completed, the striker and non-striker have switched ends
of the pitch, making the non-striker the striker for the next bowl.
o Any time a batsman is declared out,they must leave the field and be replaced by a
teammate. If the fielding team manages to score 10 outs in an innings, the innings is
over, as there are no more batsmen to fill in the second spot on the pitch.
o An innings is a single period of gameplay for the entire batting team. In short forms of
cricket, a set number of overs are allowed to each team per innings; once that number
is reached, the innings ends even if the fielding team hasn't made 10 outs. In the most
prestigious and professional form of cricket, called Test cricket, any number of overs per
innings is allowed, meaning that the innings normally only ends once 10 outs are
reached. Once an innings ends, the fielding team and batting team switch roles, and the
innings for the fielding (now batting) team begins.
o Test cricket games last a maximum of 5 days, and are played 6 hours a day during that
time. The shortest commonly played form of cricket, Twenty20, allows 1 innings per
team, with a maximum of 20 overs per innings, and typically takes no more than a few
hours to complete.


 4 Recognize the importance of the wickets. Wickets are a central part of cricket. One of
the chief ways to out a batsman is to knock 1 or both of the bails off of his wicket with the ball,
which is called “breaking” the wicket. There are several conditions under which this will result
in an out:

o If the bowler manages to directly hit the striker's wicket on a bowl and break it, the
striker is considered out “bowled.”
o If a batsman is outside either popping crease on the pitch, the bowler may break their
wicket, either by hitting it with the ball in their hand, or by hitting it with the ball directly.
In this case, the batsman is said to have been “run out.”
o Since non-strikers often leave the popping crease as the bowler is about to bowl (in
much the same way that baseball players edge away from bases in anticipation of a run
 to the next base), the bowler can out the non-striker by stopping the bowl and breaking
the wicket before he returns to the crease. This is also considered a run out.
o If the striker misses the ball while attempting to hit it, and steps outside the popping
crease, the wicket-keeper can break his wicket by catching the bowl cleanly and striking
the wicket with the ball, resulting in an out. This type of out is called being “stumped.”
o If the striker intentionally uses any part of their body to block the ball from hitting the
wicket, they are out “leg before wicket.” This is usually abbreviated LBW.
o If the striker hits their own wicket by accident and breaks it, they are out “hit wicket.” Hit
wicket outs happen no matter what struck the wicket, but only happen if the striker was
attempting to hit the ball, or has hit the ball and is attempting to run to the other end of
the pitch.
o On the other hand, if the striker has hit the ball and it directly flies into the non-striker's
wicket, the non-striker isn't out. The bowler can still pick up the ball and redirect it at the
non-striker's wicket to run him out.


 5 Learn the other ways to out a batsman. In addition to the wicket, there are several other
ways to out a batsman. Some of them are very common, while others happen rarely, if ever, at
higher levels of play. Some of the more technical outs can only be decided by umpires, of
which there are always 2 (and sometimes 3) on the field at any given time. [6]

o A striker is “caught out” if a member of the fielding team catches it before it hits the
ground. This is a very common type of out. If the fielder who catches the ball steps over
the boundary line at the edge of the field, though, the batsman scores 6 runs instead.
This includes catching the ball out of bounds, and stepping over the line after the catch.
o If a batsman touches the ball with any hand not already holding the bat, they are taken
out for “handling the ball,” unless the fielding team has given them permission first. This
rule does not apply to getting hit by a bowled ball, or any other kind of accidental
touching.
o When a batsman tries to use their bat or body to swat away a ball already in play
(usually in defense of their wicket), or interferes with the efforts of the fielding team to
get the ball back to the pitch and get an out, they are taken out for “obstructing the
field.” However, running so that the batsman's body is between the fielder holding the
ball and the batsman's wicket is legal.
o If the striker hits the ball twice on a bowl for any reason except to scoot it away from
their wicket, they will be called out. Hitting the ball twice to confound fielders or attempt
a better score is strictly forbidden.
 o When 1 batsman is called out, if the next batsman doesn't arrive on the field to take
their place within 2 minutes, they are considered “timed out.”


 6 Understand extra runs. There are a few conditions under which extra runs can be
awarded. These are noted as such for purposes of calculating player averages, but are
otherwise identical to any other type of run for the purpose of determining a winner. The 4
types of extra are as follows:[7]

o On a call of “no ball” after an illegal bowl, batsmen can only be out by run out, handling
the ball, obstructing the field, or hitting the ball twice. Runs scored on a call of “no ball”
are considered extra, and every “no ball” a bowler throws must be compensated with
another bowl in the same over. Thus, a bowler who bowled “no ball” once would have to
bowl a total of 7 times instead of the usual 6 to reach the over. If no runs are scored on
a “no ball,” 1 run is added to the batting team's score anyway.
o When a bowler bowls wide, the batting team automatically scores 1 run. As with “no
ball” extras, “wide” extras must be made up by the bowler by adding bowls onto their
over.
o If the striker tries to hit the ball but misses, and the wicket-keeper doesn't manage to
catch it, the batsmen can try to score runs on the play. These runs are called “byes.”
o A “leg bye” occurs when the striker tries to hit the ball with their bat, but hits it with their
body instead. “Leg byes” otherwise function identically to “byes.” “Leg byes” can't be
taken if the striker wasn't trying to hit the ball.

3
Part

Playing the Game



 1 Set up the pitch. One batsman stands at each end of the pitch, behind the popping crease
but ahead of the bowling crease. The bowler also stands at one end of the crease, starting
behind the bowling crease, and bowls to the other end. The batsman to whom the bowler
bowls is the striker; the batsman at the same end as the bowler is the non-striker.

o The wicket-keeper crouches behind the striker's wicket and the bowling crease. Their
job is to catch the ball should the striker miss or decline to hit the bowl. When the
wicket-keeper successfully catches a ball, the striker is normally declared out.
o The other 9 members of the fielding team can stand in any configuration at any time, as
long as they stay outside the pitch.

 2 Bowl the ball. The bowler starts behind the bowling crease, and bowls the ball before
reaching the popping crease by moving forward and throwing the ball. A cricket bowl is always
performed over-the-shoulder, with a completely straight arm. The ball is allowed to bounce on
the pitch once before reaching the striker, though it doesn't have to.

o If the bowler steps past the popping crease during the bowl, the play is called as “no
ball” by the umpires. The batsmen can run as though they hit the ball, but can't be out
except by a few specific methods.
o Different bowlers have different movement styles, and may rush forward for a fast bowl,
or step forward a couple of times and twist for a trickier bowl. The fastest bowls can fly
at up to 90 mph (140 km/h), which given the short length of the pitch, requires a very
fast response from the striker.
o The bowl must reach the striker at or below the waist. If it's higher, or it sails out past the
sides of the pitch, it is called a “wide” ball, or a “no ball,” especially in cases where the
ball isn't far from the striker but is too high to hit.


 3 Hit the ball and run. Using the flat side of the cricket bat, the striker can attempt to hit the
ball. There are many different types of strike, each with a different advantage over the others.
Once the striker has hit the ball, they and the non-striker can choose to run from end to end of
the pitch, exchanging places. If both batsmen manage to run safely to the far side of the pitch,
1 run is declared, and 1 point is scored. If either batsman is declared out while trying to reach
the far side of the pitch, no point is scored.

o Batsmen don't have to run when they hit the ball. As long as they stay behind their
popping lines, they're safe from most outs, so sometimes it's prudent not to run.
o Batsmen who successfully score a run can turn around immediately and try to score
another run, as many times as they think they can get away with it before the fielding
team can run one of them out. Taking more than 4 runs on a bowl is very rare, but
possible.
o If a batsman hits the ball out of bounds and the ball bounced at least once on its way
out, 4 runs are awarded automatically. If the ball didn't bounce before it landed out of
bounds, 6 runs are awarded instead.

 4 Finish the game. Play according to whatever type of game you've chosen until the
appropriate number of innings has been reached. The team with the highest number of runs is
the winner.
https://www.wikihow.com/Play-Cricket

Reflection 1
 I’ve seen a lot of cricket match but personally I never understood what it is all
about, after reading the article by Wikipedia, I get a different concept about the sport
cricket. Cricket started in south east England in the mid-16 century. cricket is a bat and
ball game. It taught me that cricket is not only a 20over game it can also be a 5 over,
10 over or it can go on until all batters has been bowled out.
Cricket is played all over the world especially in the Caribbean. I have learned that
in cricket u need 11 players to flied while two batsman bats from the opposing team.
According to the video at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPXAzgwwo0A by august 28,
2020. After watching the video, I have learnt that the team that is selected to bat only need two
batsmen on the field, while the other team need, they full player to secure the field or to catch
the ball or to prevent the batter from making runs.

I read through the article https://www.wikihow.com/Play-Cricket , that proves that

cricket is not only about running batting or bowling. I have learnt that in cricket we also need to
understand the concept and the rules of the game. Cricket is all about having fun and having
motional. This has made me see the goal of the cricket is to score or called runs against the
opposing team and it how made me see how playing cricket u need to have a good
sportsmanship, a good spirit and it take a good team spirit to win a game

Reflection 2

The language was also formal and it was written that anyone can understand it and the
level it was written. This was very instrumental for me because it helped me to understand more
about what cricket is about and help me to even create a definition and where it was
established, I am sure because of the vocabulary was written in formal English and at my level
of understanding.

The language used in this video was formal English but the vocabulary was a little higher
that my level to develop some clarity I had to use the dictionary to define some of the terms in
the article, I even made me learn new words I never knew about.

After learning about what cricket is about and how to play it me a better person, I have
gained a lot of knowledge well doing this sba, and it made a better player.
 Reflection 3

I realize that I was lying to my neighbor about what cricket is about, at first, I thought
there was no problem with telling people lie about cricket, and after reading the article , I felt
ashamed because I didn’t know what I told them was fake, but after reading the article it helped
me to get a better understanding about this topic in the way the language was used, and it was
very clear so I could have been able to relate to it.

This article has inspired me to try to help my friends to play cricket. The video reminded
me of a time I went in school and we were about to play cricket and we didn’t know how many
players each team must have or how to place the team players, so I have developed a better
understanding of how to play cricket.

This has inspired me to show my neighborhood how to play cricket after reading the
article, it shocked that is not about playing to winning by cheating is about having fun with other
people, it also made me become a good player by doing the thing n even show the different step
in how to play cricket now I can show my friend my neighbors what cricket is all about.