CHAPTER -1

GENERAL

1.1 INTRODUCTION

1.1.1 Scope

1.1.1.1 These specifications cover the following types of air-conditioning, heating,

ventilation and cold room works:

i) Window AC , Split AC
ii) VRV/ VRF type Air-conditioning System
iii) Packaged type Air- conditioning plants
iv) Central air-conditioning system
v) Central heating system.
vi) Mechanical ventilation system :
a) General Ventilation
b) Basement Parking & Shaft Ventilation
vii) Evaporative type Air Cooling Plant.
viii) Cold rooms.
1.1.1.2 Central air-conditioning system included in these specifications is by means of
reciprocating / Scroll or centrifugal or screw type compressors. Therefore, only
vapour compression type refrigeration equipments are covered herein.
Absorption type refrigeration equipments are excluded from the scope of these
specifications.

1.1.1.3 Water coolers / desert coolers and water softening plants for treatment of water
are also excluded from the scope of these specifications.

1.1.1.4 These General Specifications cover the equipments and materials for the system,
their testing and/ or inspection as may be necessary before their dispatch from
their respective works, their delivery at site, all preparatory works, assembling,
installation and adjustments, commissioning, final testing, putting into operation,
equipment capacity computation and handing over of the complete system.

1.1.1.5 These General Specifications are subject to revision from time to time.

1.1.1.6 Each air-conditioning work has its own particular requirements. These General
Specifications shall be supplemented with tender specifications as may be
required for a particular work. The tender specifications, wherever they differ
from these General Specifications, shall have over- riding value and shall be
followed for that particular work.

1.1.2 Related Documents

These General Specifications shall be read in conjunction with the General

conditions of contract. These General Specifications shall also be read in
conjunction with the tender specifications, schedule of work, drawings and other
documents connected with the work.
1.1.3 Terminology

The definition of terms used in these specifications shall be in accordance with IS:
3615- “Glossary of terms used in refrigeration and air-conditioning”. Some of the
commonly used terms are defined in Appendix 'A’.

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1.1.4 Site Information

The tenderer should, in his own interest, visit the site and familiarise himself
with the site conditions before tendering. For any clarification, tenderer may
discuss with the Engineer-in-Charge.

1.1.5 Heat Load Calculations and Equipment Selection

i) The successful bidder/ contractor should give detailed heat load

calculations , immediately after award of work as per Appendix'D’
separately for all the seasons in which, the specified conditions are to be
maintained.
ii) The successful Bidder/Contractor should also give the above heat load
calculations wherever required separately for the areas served by each
AHU in a central air conditioning/ heating system.
iii) The equipment selection and duct design shall be made on the basis of the
above heat load calculations wherever required.
iv) The Contractor can refer and utilize the design done by the department/
consultants for the department, however, there shall be no commitment to
provide the same to the contractor, nor the contractor shall be absolved of
the responsibility of correct design and performance of the air-conditioning
system provided by him.

1.2 CONFORMITY WITH STATUTORY ACTS, RULES, STANDARDS AND

CODES

i) All components shall conform to relevant Indian Standard Specifications,

wherever existing, amended to date. A list of such standards is appended
in Appendix 'B’.
ii) All works shall conform to National Building code as well as relevant
BIS codes.
iii) All electrical works shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of
Indian Electricity Act, 2003 and Indian Electricity Rules, 1956 amended to
date. They shall also conform to CPWD General Specifications for
Electrical works, Part-I: Internal, 2013 and Part-II: External, 1994 and Part
IV (Sub-station), 2013, as amended to date.
iv) All components shall conform to Energy Conservation Building Code
2007 of India as amended or revised up to date.

1.3 SAFETY CODES AND LABOUR REGULATIONS

i) All the safety procedures outlined in the safety codes listed in Appendix'C’
shall be complied with.
ii) In respect of all labour employed directly or indirectly on the work for the
performance of the air conditioning contractor’s part of work, the contractor
at his own expense, will arrange for the safety provisions as per the
statutory provisions, B.I.S recommendations, factory act, workman’s
compensation act, CPWD code and instructions issued from time to time.
Failure to provide such safety requirements would make the tenderer liable
for penalty as provided in the labour laws/ GCC for each violation. In
addition the Engineer-in-charge, shall be at liberty to make arrangements

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 and provide facilities as aforesaid and recover the cost from the contractor.
iii) The contractor shall provide necessary barriers, warning signals and other
safety measures while laying pipelines, ducts cables etc. or wherever
necessary so as to avoid accident. He shall also indemnify CPWD against
claims for compensation arising out of negligence in this respect.
Contractor shall be liable, in accordance with the Indian Law and
Regulations for any accident occurring due to any cause. The department
shall not be responsible for any accident occurred or damage incurred or
claims arising there from during the execution of work. The contractor shall
also provide all insurance including third party insurance as may be
necessary to cover the risk. No extra payment would be made to the
contractor due to the above provisions thereof.

1.4 WORKS TO BE ARRANGED BY THE DEPARTMENT

Unless otherwise specified in the tender documents, the following works shall
be arranged by the Department:

(i) Space for accommodating all the equipments and components involved in
the work,
(ii) False ceiling and/ or return air enclosure excluding return air duct wherever
provided as required,
(iii) Make up water tank for condenser water,
(iv) Power supply, Water supply and Drain points as per para 1.6,
(v) Masonry ducts/ service trench within and outside the building for carrying
pipe lines and cables wherever specified.
(vi) If top floor is air conditioned, over-deck insulation.

1.5 WORKS TO BE DONE BY THE CONTRACTOR

Unless otherwise mentioned in the tender documents, the following works shall be
done by the contractor and therefore, their cost shall be deemed to be included in
their tendered cost whether specifically indicated in the schedule of work or not: -
i) Foundations for equipments including foundation bolts and vibration
isolation spring/ pads,
ii) Support columns and beams for cooling towers,
iii) Suspenders, brackets and floor/ wall supports for suspending/ supporting
ducts and pipes,
iv) Suspenders and/ or cable trays for laying the cables,
v) Excavation and refilling of trenches in soil wherever the pipes are to be laid
directly in ground, including necessary base treatment and supports,
vi) Sealing of all floor slab/ wall openings provided by the Department or
contractor for pipes and cables, from fire safety point of view, after laying of
the same,
vii) Painting of all exposed metal surfaces of equipments and components with
appropriate colour as per para 1.13.
viii) Making openings in the walls/ floors/ slabs or modification in the existing
openings wherever provided for carrying pipe line, ducts, cables etc.

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 ix) Providing wooden/ metallic frames for fixing grills/ diffusers.

x) Making good all damages caused to the structure during installation and
restoring the same to their original finish.
xi) Balancing of all HVAC systems in accordance with generally accepted
engineering standards. A written balance report shall be provided
(wherever asked for) to the Engineer-in-Charge or his representative for
HVAC systems serving zones with a total conditioned area exceeding
500m2.
xii) A set of three copies of operations manual shall be provided to the
Engineer-in-Charge or his representative containing following information
at a minimum-
a) HVAC equipment capacity,
b) Equipment operation and maintenance manuals,
c) HVAC system control maintenance and calibration information,
including wiring diagrams, schedules, and control sequence
descriptions,
d) A complete written narrative of how each system is intended to
operate.

1.6 POWER SUPPLY, WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE

1.6.1 Power Supply

i) Unless otherwise specified, 3 phase, 415 Volts, 50 Hz power supply shall be

provided by the department free of charge to the contractor at one point for
installation at site. Termination switchgear however, shall be provided by the
contractor. Further extension if required shall be done by the contractor.
ii) The power supply for testing and commissioning of the complete installation
shall be made available by the Department free of charge to the contractor.
For this purpose, the power supply shall be given at the main incomer unit of
the main electrical panel (provided by the contractor) through U.G. cable, or
bus-trunking arrangement. The termination of this feeder in the main
incomer unit shall be the responsibility of the contractor and nothing extra
shall be paid on this account.
iii) Unless otherwise specified in the contract, further power distribution to the
various equipments shall be done by the contractor.
iv) Where the power supply has to be arranged by the Department at more than
one point as per the terms of the contract, the termination of all such power
feeders in the incomer of respective control panels (provided by the
contactor) shall be the responsibility of the contractor.
v) The contractor shall not use the power supply for any other purpose than
that for which it is intended for. No major fabrication work shall be done at
site. Power shall be used only for welding/ cutting works. The power supply
shall be disconnected in case of such default and the contractor shall then
have to arrange the required power supply at his cost.
vi) Wherever there is a possibility of lower supply voltage, which does not allow
motors to be operated, necessary voltage correction devices like HT voltage
regulator/ ON- Load tap changer/ Servo Stabilizer etc. may be provided to
ensure proper voltage.
vii) Power supply shall also be backed by suitable standby DG set. It is

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 necessary to provide stand by supply to fan motors of all AHUs, to ensure air
circulation in air conditioning areas when the AC plant is not working due to
non availability of normal electrical supply.
viii) Additionally where the air conditioning is a functional/ critical
requirement such as hospitals, computer centers, labs, or in buildings of
Operational/ National importance etc., provision shall be made by the
department for operation of suitable number of chilling units on standby
power supply.

1.6.2 Water Supply

i) Water supply shall be made available to the contractor by the

Department free of charge at only one point for installation. Further
extension if required shall be done by the contractor.
ii) Water shall be made available by the Department free of charge in makeup
water tank near the cooling tower, AC plant room, AHU room, expansion
tank, hot water generator, air washer, etc. as required for testing and
commissioning. Further connection from makeup water tank to cooling tower
shall be carried out by the contractor and shall be separately measured &
paid for as per contract.
iii) Water analysis should be obtained of the water available at site and if
required water softening plant may be provided.

1.6.3 Drainage

i) Drain traps in A.C. plant room, AHU room, Air washer room, hot water
generator and near cooling tower shall be arranged by the department.
ii) All drainage arrangements from the drain traps in the A.C. plant room, AHU
room, air washer room, hot water generator room etc. to the drain line shall
be arranged by the Department as required.
iii) Piping Connections from the equipment to the drain trap including providing
valves at the drain points shall be done by the contractor. These items of
work shall be separately measured and paid as per contract.

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 iv)
1.7 MACHINERY FOR ERECTION

All tools and tackles, heavy machinery handling equipment, etc. required for
unloading/ handling of equipments and materials at site, their assembly, erection,
testing and commissioning shall be the responsibility of the contractor.

1.8 COMPLETENESS OF THE TENDER, SUBMISSION OF PROGRAMME,

APPROVAL OF DRAWINGS AND COMMENCEMENT OF WORK

i) Completeness of the tender

All sundry equipments, fittings, assemblies, accessories, hardware items,

gaskets, masonry platforms/ foundation for Chilling Units, pumps, Cooling
Towers etc., supports for pipes foundation bolts, supports, termination lugs for
electrical connections, cable glands, junction boxes and all other items which are
useful and necessary for proper assembly and efficient working of the various
equipments and components of the work shall be deemed to have been included
in the tender, irrespective of the fact whether such items are specifically
mentioned in the tender or not.

ii) Submission of programme

Within fifteen days from the date of receipt of the letter of acceptance, the
successful tenderer shall submit his programme for submission of drawings,
supply of equipment, installation, testing, commissioning and handing over of the
installation to the Engineer-in-Charge. This programme shall be framed keeping
in view the milestones stipulated in the contract, building progress. Items like
ducting, piping etc. that directly affect the building progress shall be given priority.

iii) Submission of Drawings

The contractor shall submit the drawings to the Engineer-in-Charge as per para
1.18.2 for approval before start of work.

iv) Commencement of Work

The contractor shall commence work as soon as the drawings submitted by him
are approved.

1.9 DISPATCH OF MATERIALS TO SITE AND THEIR SAFE CUSTODY

The contractor shall dispatch materials to site in consultation with the Engineer-in-
Charge. Suitable lockable storage accommodation shall be made available free of
charge temporarily. Watch & ward however, shall be the responsibility of
contractor. Programme of dispatch of material shall be framed keeping in view the
building progress. Safe custody of all machinery and equipment supplied by the
contractor shall be the responsibility of the contractor till final taking over by the
department.

1.10 CO-ORDINATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES

The contractor shall co-ordinate with all other agencies involved in the work so
that the work of other agencies is not hampered due to delay in his work.

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 Ducting, piping, cabling or any other work, which directly affect the progress of
building work, shall be given priority.

1.11 QUALITY OF MATERIALS AND WORKMANSHIP

i) The components of the installation shall be of such design so as to

satisfactorily function under all conditions of operation.
ii) The entire work of manufacture/ fabrication, assembly and installation
shall conform to sound engineering practice. The entire installation
shall be such as to cause minimum transmission of noise and vibration
to the building structure.
iii) All equipments and materials to be used in work shall be manufactured
in factories of good repute having excellent track record of quality
manufacturing, performance and proper after sales service.
iv) None of the equipment/ machines supplied shall be more than Six
months old from date of supply at site, Copy of Excise Gate Pass/
Invoice/ Shipment /Custom Clearance certificate/ details (in case of
Imported equipments) shall be submitted to prove the date of
manufacture & genuineness of the equipments/ machines supplied.

1.12 CARE OF THE BUILDING

Care shall be taken by the contractor during execution of the work to avoid
damage to the building. He shall be responsible for repairing all such damages
and restoring the same to the original finish at his cost. He shall also remove
all unwanted and waste materials arising out of the installation from the site of
work from time to time.

1.13 COLOUR SCHEME FOR THE EQUIPMENTS AND COMPONENTS

i) Colour scheme for equipment like chilling unit, pumps, AHUs, cooling
tower etc. shall be as per manufacturer’s standard colour scheme.
ii) The scheme of colour code painting of pipe work Ground colour
services Lettering
for air conditioning First colour band
installation shall be as per National building code and is indicated below: colour
Description
Condenser water piping Sea Green Black French Blue
Chilled water piping Sea Green Black Black
Central heating piping Sea Green Black Canary Yellow
Below 60 deg C
Central heating piping 60 Sea Green Black Dark Violet
deg C to 100 deg C
Drain pipe Black White
Vents White Black
White with black Black
Valves and pipe line fittings handles
Belt guard Black & Yellow
diagonal strips
Machine Bases, Inertia Charcoal Grey
Bases and Plinth
iii) Colour bands shall be 150mm wide, superimposed on ground colour to
distinguish type and condition of fluids. The spacing of band shall not
exceed 4.0m.
iv) In addition to the colour bands specified above all pipe work shall be

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 legibly marked with black or white letters to indicate the type of service
and the direction of flow identified as follows:-
High temperature Hot water : HTHW
Medium temperature Hot water : MTHW
Low temperature Hot water : LTHW
Chilled water : CHW
Condenser water : CDW
Steam : ST
Condensate : C

1.14 INSPECTION AND TESTING

1.14.1 Initial Inspection & testing

i) Initial inspection of materials & equipments at manufacturer’s as per

details given in chapter 17 will be done by the engineer-in-charge or his
representative. For item/ equipment requiring initial inspection at
manufacturer’s works, the contractor will intimate the date of testing of
equipments at the manufacturer’s works before dispatch. The contractor
shall give sufficient advance notice regarding the dates proposed for
such tests to the department’s representative(s) to facilitate his presence
during testing. The Engineer-in-charge at his discretion may witness
such testing. Equipments will be inspected at the manufacturer/
authorised dealer’s premises, before dispatch to the site by the
contractor. For equipment sourced from abroad, the contractor shall
include in his bid the costs of journey & stay, other costs if any, for
sending his technically competent representative to witness the
performance and pre-dispatch tests at the manufacturer’s works.
Evidence to this effect by way of travel documents etc. shall be produced
before the payment against delivery is released. The Engineer-in-charge,
at his discretion, may also witness such testing subject to Government
Orders at that time.
ii) The department also reserves the right to inspect the fabrication job at
factory and the successful tenderer has to make arrangements for the
same.
v) The materials duly inspected by Engineer-in-Charge or his authorised
representative shall be dispatched to site by the contractor.
vi) No additional payment shall be made to the contractor for initial
inspection /testing at the manufacturer’s works by the representative of
the Engineer-in-Charge. However, the department will bear the expenses
of its representative deputed for carrying out initial inspection/testing.

1.14.2 Final Inspection & Testing

Final Inspection & testing will be done by the Engineer-in-Charge or his

representative as per details indicated in Chapter 17.
1.14.3 Safety measures

All equipments shall incorporate suitable safety provisions to ensure safety of

the operating personnel at all times. The initial and final inspection reports
shall bring out explicitly the safety provisions incorporated in each equipment.

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 1.15 RUNNING IN PERIOD & DATE OF ACCEPTANCE

i) After the installation work has been completed by the contractor, he will
conduct tests and make adjustments as may be necessary to satisfy
himself that the plant including low side equipments is capable of
continuous running. There after he will offer to the department a running-
in period of 7 days subject to a minimum aggregate of 120 hrs at his
cost. The duty cycle of the plant during this running in period shall be
same as that specified in the tender documents. In case of multiple
compressor installations, all the compressors should be run by rotation.
The plant will be operated and a log of all parameters will be maintained
during this period. The contractor will be free to carry out necessary
adjustments etc. during this period without stopping the plant. Record of
inside conditions will be made during this period to check that the same
are as per NIT requirements. The plant will be said to have successfully
completed the running-in-period, if no break down or abnormal/
unsatisfactory operation of any machinery occurs during this period. After
this the plant will be made available for beneficial use. After the plant has
operated without any major break down/ trouble and inside conditions
are maintained as per NIT requirements for the above specified running
in period, it shall be taken over by the department subject to guarantee
clause mentioned below. This date of taking over of plant after trouble
free operation during the running in period shall be the date of
acceptance.
ii) Any loss of refrigerant or oil during the running in period shall be made
good by the contractor free of charge.
iii) Capacity test of the chilling unit & other major equipments shall be
carried out as and when conditions become stabilized as per details
given under Appendix 'G’.
iv) Seasonal testing may be carried out as & when outside conditions
become suitable for the Major Season Test.

1.16 GUARANTEE

i) The contractor shall guarantee the complete system to maintain the

specified conditions under all conditions of ambience and internal loads
subject to the condition that designed outside conditions & designed
internal loads are not exceeded. Also the inlet/ outlet temperatures at
the specified flow of water in the chiller unit shall be guaranteed.
ii) All equipments shall be guaranteed for a period of 12 months from the
date of acceptance and taking over of the installation by the
Department against unsatisfactory performance and/or breakdown due
to defective design, material, manufacture, workmanship or installation.
The equipment or component or any part thereof so found defective
during the guarantee period shall be repaired or replaced free of cost to
the satisfaction of the Engineer-in-Charge. In case it is felt by the
department that undue delay is being caused by the contractor in doing
this, the same will be got done by the department at the risk & cost of the
contractor. The decision of Engineer-in-Charge in this regard shall be final.
iii) Any leakage of refrigerant and/or oil due to defective design, manufacture,
workmanship or installation during the guarantee period shall be made
good by the contractor free of charge.

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1.17 PAYMENT TERMS

1.17.1 The following percentage of contract rates shall be payable against the stages of
work shown herein:
Machinery & All other items
S.No. Stage of work Equipment
I After initial inspection (wherever
specified) & delivery at site in good 80% 70%
condition on pro-rata basis
II On completion of pro-rata installation 10 % 20 %
III On commissioning and completion of 5% 5%
successful running in period
IV On completion of major seasonal test 5% 5%

1.17.2 When the major seasonal test cannot be carried out on commissioning of the
installation due to any reason not attributable to the contractor, the installation will
he handed over to the Department for beneficial use after completion of successful
running in test of 7 days subject to a minimum aggregate of 120 hours as per para
1.15 above. The balance payment shall be released to the contractor on his
furnishing a bank guarantee in the specified format from a scheduled bank for an
equivalent amount. The bank guarantee shall be valid for a period of 6 months.
However it will be extended till the successful completion of the major seasonal
test. This bank guarantee shall be independent of the one furnished for
performance guarantee.

1.17.3 The following shall be considered major seasonal test for the purpose of the above
payment terms: -
a) Air-conditioning system : Summer or monsoon
b) Central heating system : Winter
c) ETAC : Summer
d) Cold room/ Walk in cooler : Summer

1.18 TENDER DRAWINGS, DRAWINGS FOR APPROVAL & COMPLETION

DRAWINGS

1.18.1 T ender Drawings

The drawings appended/ uploaded with the tender documents are intended to
show the areas to be conditioned, space allotted for various equipments, tentative
duct, cable and pipe routes. The equipments offered shall be suitable for
installation in the spaces shown in these drawings.
1.18.2 Drawings for approval on award of the work (Not applicable in case of Window and
Split AC)

The contractor shall prepare & submit three sets of hard copy & one Digital/ soft
copy in AutoCAD format of following drawings and get them approved from the
Engineer-in-Charge before the start of the work. The approval of drawings
however does not absolve the contractor not to supply the equipments/ materials
as per agreement, if there is any contradiction between the approved drawings
and agreement.
i) Lay out drawings of the equipments to be installed in various rooms such as
plant room, AHU rooms, hot water generator room, cooling tower and other
equipments.
ii) Drawings including section, showing the details of erection of entire

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 equipments including their foundations, water basin for the cooling towers / air
washers, etc.
iii) Plumbing drawings showing the layout of entire piping, dia & length of pipes,
valves and isometric drawings showing connections to various equipment.
iv) Ducting drawings showing sizes, locations of dampers, grilles & diffusers.
v) Electrical wiring diagrams for all electrical equipments and controls including
the sizes and capacities of the various cables and equipments,
vi) Dimensioned drawings of all electrical and control panels,
vii) Drawings showing the details of all insulations and vapour barrier works,
viii) Drawings showing details of supports for pipes, cable trays, ducts etc.
ix) Any other drawings relevant to the work.
The department shall, at its discretion, use the soft copy of such drawings to
prepare and examine the integrated services layout, resolve conflicts, and advise
the contractor to modify the execution drawings suiting & adjusting to all the
services requirements. The contractor shall be bound to modify & execute
accordingly.

1.18.3 Completion Drawings (Not applicable in case of Window and Split AC)

One set of Digital/ soft Copy and one set of the following laminated drawings shall
be submitted by the contractor while handing over the installation to the
Department. Out of this one of the sets shall be laminated on a hard base for
display in the A.C. plant room. In addition one set will be given on compact disc.
(i) Plant installation drawings giving complete details of all the equipments,
including their foundations,
(ii) AHU room installation drawings,
(iii) Plumbing layout drawings including insulation giving sizes and lengths of all
the pipes and the sizes and locations of all types of valves, and including
isometric drawings for the entire piping including the pipe connections to the
various equipments and insulation details wherever required,
(iv) Duct layout drawings with their sizes and locations, and sizes and locations
of all dampers, grills & diffusers,
(v) Line diagram and layout of all electrical control panels giving switchgear
ratings and their disposition, cable feeder sizes and their layout,
(vi) Control wiring drawings with all control components and sequence of
operations to explain the operation of control circuits,
(vii) BMS drawings (wherever applicable)
1.19 AFTER SALES SERVICES

The contractor shall ensure adequate and prompt after sales service in the form of
maintenance, spares and personnel as and when required and shall minimise the
breakdown period. In case of equipment supplied by other manufacturers the firm
shall furnish a guarantee from the manufacturer for the same before the plant is
taken over.

1.20 DOCUMENTS TO BE FURNISHED ON COMPLETION OF INSTALLATION

Three sets of the following documents shall be furnished to the department by the
contractor on completion of work:-

a) Completion drawings as per 1.18.3,

b) One set in Digital form and 1 set in printed form of manufacturer’s technical
catalogues of all equipments and accessories,

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Operation and maintenance manual of all major equipments, detailing all adjustments,
operation and maintenance procedure.CHAPTER -2

SYSTEMS AND SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

2.1 AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM

An air-conditioning system is a means of cooling/ heating, dehumidification/
humidification, filtration and its distribution to the various conditioned spaces ,
maintaining indoor air quality, energy efficiency and other resources . Various
types of air-conditioning systems commonly used are:-
a) Unit type equipments, which may be a window type room air-
conditioner or a split type air-conditioner.
b) Packaged type units, which may be fully self contained (factory
assembled), or split type units.
c) VRV/ VRF system
d) Central plants, which are of two types :-
i) Central DX-Plants with AHUs etc.
ii) Central chilled water plants with AHUs, Fan Coil Units, Chilled
Beams, Embedded chilled water pipes in slabs & walls, etc.
For each application there will specifically be only one system, which
will be just right for it.

2.1.1 DRAWINGS

2.1.1.1 Following drawings shall be enclosed with tender documents :

a) All floors HVAC layout
b) Chilled & Condenser water SLD
c) Electrical SLD for HVAC Panels
2.1.1.2 No other drawings shall be made available. The contractor may
visit the site or discuss with Engineer-in-charge for any other site
particular that he may need before submitting the tender.
2.1.1.3 Drawings have been prepared showing the areas to be Air
conditioned & space allocated for the equipment. Adequacy of the
plant room, AHU rooms etc for the equipment offered should be
checked &confirmed by tenderer.
2.1.1.4 The above drawings represent a feasible scheme. Equipment
layout, chilled water piping scheme, duct layout, sizes of grilles
etc. shown in the drawings can be rearranged/ changed as per
site/ Architectural requirements in consultation and with prior
approval of Engineer-in-charge.
2.1.2 are not working
These DESIGN PARAMETERS
drawings. The contractor shall prepare detailed working
drawings &execute
2.1.2.1 the work
CHILLING UNITas per working drawings approved by the
Engineer-in-charge.
i) Centrifugal chilling unit : CFC and HCFC free refrigerant.

ii) Suction temperature : As per manufacturer standard : design

iii) Condensing temperature to suit duty of Water Chilling Unit

iv) Condenser :
a) Water temperature IN 32.2deg C 36.4 deg
b) Water temperature OUT C 4.2 deg C
c) Temperature rise 0.001(British unit)
d) Fouling factor 10 m of water- head
e) Maximum permissible pressure drop:

v) Chiller :

a) Water temperature IN 12.2 deg C

b) Water temperature OUT 6.67 deg C
c) Temperature drop 5.5 deg C
d) Fouling factor 0.0005 (British unit)
e) Maximum permissible pressure 10 m of water- head
drop:

2.1.2.2 PIPING

i) Maximum flow velocity : 2.5 m/s 5

ii) Maximum friction : m/100 m run

2.1.2.3 AIR HANDLING UNIT

i) Maximum face velocity across cooling coil 155 m/min

ii) Maximum outlet air velocity : 610 m/min

iii) Maximum velocity across filters :
a) Ordinary filters 155 m/min
b) Micro-vee filters 155 m/min
c) HEPA filters 155 m/min

iv) Minimum spray density for humidification : 10 lpm/sq.m

2.1.2.4 DUCTING FOR AIRCONDITIONING (office Building)

MainDuct Branch duct
i) Maximum flow velocity : 400 m/min 250 m/min
ii) Maximum velocity at supply air grilles/ diffusers : 150 m/min
iii) Maximum friction in duct : 1cm WG/100 m run

2.1.2.5 DUCTING FOR AUDITORIUM ,CONFERENCE HALL ,

OT's :

Value of all above parameters be kept as three fourth of

values specified at 2.1.2.4 above.

2.1.2.6 DUCTING FOR ETAC system and VENTILATION

System ( normal operation ) in Basement :

Value of all above parameters be kept as 1.5 times of values

specified at 2.1.2.4 above.

2.2 RECOMMENDED COOLING DEMAND DENSITIES

Following table from ASHRAE GRP 158, Load Calculation Manual (Heating &
Cooling), provides the recommended cooling demand densities (m 2 /TR) for
different building types using air conditioning systems. The requirements given
in the table may be used for preliminary calculations. However, final sizing shall
be based on the actual heat load calculations.
Example of Building air conditioning load (TR) calculation using the table
given below.

To estimate the cooling demand (air conditioning load TR) of an office building
having air conditioned area of 1,000 m2
Using the *Lo values (m2/TR) given below in the table for office category
building, the estimated total air conditioning load (TR) of the building will be
Preliminary estimated air conditioning load (TR) = area (m2)/ Cooling
2
demand density (m /TR) = 1000/36

Notes:

$ Refrigeration loads are for entire application.

# Air quantities for heavy manufacturing areas are based on

supplementary means to remove excessive heat.

* Air quantities for hospital patient rooms and office buildings (except internal
areas) are based on induction (air-water) system.
 Cooling Demand Densities
Refrigeration
m2/Tont
Classifications
Apartment, High rise
Auditoriums, Churches, Theatres
Educational Facilities
Schools, College, Universities
Factories Assembly Areas
Light
Manufacturing
Heavy
Manufacturing#
Hospitals Patient Rooms*
Public Areas
Hotels, Motels, Dormitories
Libraries and Museums
Office Buildings*
Private Offices*
Stenographic Department
Residential

Shopping Centres, Department

Stores and Specialty Shops
Department Stores Basement
Main Floors
Upper Floors
Dress Shops
Drug Stores
Shoe Stores
Malls
Refrigeration for Central Heating
and Cooling Plant
Urban Districts
College Campuses
Commercial Centres
Residential Centres

Source: ASHRAE GRP 158, Load Calculation Manual (Heating & Cooling), Table A1.1- Cooling
load Check figures

* Hi values of cooling demand density may be used for existing buildings where
building envelope cannot be improved
* Av values may be used for unitary (WT or Split type) units and for AC areas
surrounded by non AC area else
* Lo values may be used for new buildings.

2.3 WINDOW TYPE A.C.

APPLICATIONS:
Window A.C. are available in standard rating of 1, 1.5, 2 TR these are provided
where-
(i) Window for fixing the AC is available or necessary opening in wall is provided for
the purpose.
(ii) Sound level of up to 50 dB inside the room is acceptable.
(iii) These types of A.C.s are efficient & easy to maintain as compared to split A.C.
(iv) BEE star rated WTACs are available. As far as possible 5 star rated A.C. may be
provided in all new installation for conserving electrical energy.

INSTALLATION:
(i) While installing the A.C care be take that WTAC is not provided at back of sitting/
chair in room.
(ii) Standard A.C are provided with control plate and wire at right side of A.C (as seen
from front) hence power outlet points should be provide at right side of window etc.
(iii) Standard installation procedures, as given by the manufacturers, may be followed.

2.4 SPLIT TYPE A.C.

APPLICATIONS:
(i) Where window for installation of WTAC is not available, Split Type AC are planned.
(ii) Almost Silent (Low dB level) operation of A.C is important, considering VIP rooms,
conference rooms, etc.

INSTALLATION
i) Wherever split A.C. are planned in the new buildings, necessary openings in wall
may be provided by with use of 75 mm PVC pipe sleeves at suitable locations for
taking refrigerant pipes and cable to outdoor unit, so as to avoid unnecessary
cutting/ damage to walls at a later stage. The slope of sleeve of PVC pipe should
be towards exterior to avoid seepage of water into the room. This opening should
be sealed properly after installation to avoid entry of vermin and rain water.
ii) For condensate drain, 40 mm PVC/ HDPE pipe be also provided and taken to
nearest drain or up to the stack for collection & disposal of condensate. The slope
of such pipe also should be downwards. As far as possible, joints should be
avoided in this pipe.
iii) The length of connecting refrigerant pipes between outdoor and indoor unit be
kept to minimum feasible at site. However it should not exceed 9 m , as the
efficiency of the unit gets severely affected on increase of distance. The refrigerant
pipes should be taken along the walls/ columns etc. duly clamped to their surface
by saddles. If walls etc. are not available, tray be used to support the refrigerant
pipes. Where bending of refrigerant pipes is required, proper pipe bending tool
should be used to avoid pinching of pipes.

iv) The refrigerant pipes should be properly insulated as per the recommendations of
the manufacturer of split type AC units. The insulation over refrigerant pipes be
examined once in a year and in case of any deficiency/ defect the same may be
replaced.

2.5 VRV/ VRF SYSTEM:

In a generalising definition, Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) can be explained as a

multiple Split Air-conditioning system using principle of control of flow/ quantity of
refrigerant through the Indoor Unit to control the cooling/ heating effect. VRF system
 uses refrigerant as the cooling and heating medium. This refrigerant is compressed and
liquefied by a single outdoor condensing unit (ODU), and is circulated within the building
through copper refrigerant pipes to multiple fan-coil units (FCUs) called the IDUs( Indoor
Units).
VRF ODUs are typically provided with rectifier-inverter power system, which provided a
Variable Voltage & Variable Frequency (V3F) supply to compressor motor, in order to
support variable speed. This in turn provides variable refrigerant flow through the
refrigerant lines meeting the demand of cooling/ heating. The speed of the motor is
controlled through a feedback system sensing the refrigeration demand from the IDUs.
VRFs come in two system format, two pipe and three pipe systems. In a 2 pipe system
all of the zones must either be all in cooling or all in heating. A three pipe Heat Recovery
(HR) systems has the ability to heat certain zones while others require cooling. In this
case the heat extracted from the zone requiring cooling is put to use in the zone
requiring heating. This is made possible because the heating units are functioning as a
condenser.

APPLICATIONS:

These systems are basically extensions of split type A.C’s and are much less efficient as
compared to central A.C. plant hence should not be provided except in following cases-

i. In the existing building, requiring central AC but the space for providing AC plant,
height of ceiling for ducting, water supply for chilled water based AC plant, is not
available.

ii. It is not possible to provide central A.C. plant and run the chilled water lines up to
cool the rooms with fan coil units to cool the rooms.

Such system is normally provided where high diversity in demand is available i.e. small
Guest houses, small hotels, small offices, Art Galleries, etc.
A comparison of the VRF/ VRV systems with the Central Chilled water system
was got done. Also recommendations of BEE were taken in case of a large
building AC requirement. It is added below for making decision.

S. Points VRF AC Chilled Water based Remarks

No. AC
1 Peak Power1.6KW/TR peak. 1.3KW/TR Peak.
Demand (Efficiency drastically (IKW/TR<0.6 now for Higher size & cost of Power Supply
reduces at highchilling units.) Capital Equipment like
ambient as Delhi Transformers etc. & thus higher Cu
summers) losses (recurring) in VRF system.
2 Annual 1.15 to 1.20 1 Annually extra expenditure of 15 to
Power 20% in electricity bills in VRF
Consumption system.
3 Security &Copper piping onMS piping
Safety Ofterrace & in building VRF system equipments/ materials
Equipment & prone to theft & damage by
System miscreants & monkeys.
4 Terrace Almost 80% terrace is Only Cooling TowersWith VRF loss of space for SPV
Space used for ODUs & Cu need to be installed at Generation to meet the Green
pipe & power cables terrace. Building Norms. Problem of
cleaning terrace & loss of water
proofing also occurs over time.
5 Water No water required Regular Supply of Major advantage in VRF system but,
Scarcity Water required for now STPs are generating water for
condenser cooling meeting up to 75% of AC Plant
demand. Water drift losses also
being reduced by use of Geothermal
Energy.
6 Air Quality of RH ,Co2, Bacteria, Full control Sick building syndrome is taken care
Conditioned dust & other of in Water based system with AHUs
space pollutants Control and demand based fresh air supply.
only to very limited
extent.
7 Service /Personnel have to go Such problems limited No disturbance to officers in water
attending tointo the room. only in AHUs. based system.
faults Problems of
condensate dripping
in rooms.
Long TermMaintenance Low Cost Maintenance
8 Benefits Expensive
9 Fire Safety Refrigerant in system Only water in AHUs Water based system is safer.
goes to all areas in and Air only in rooms
building and isthrough ducts.
combustible at highRefrigerant is limited to
temperatures, only within the Chilling
releasing toxic Units.
products of
combustion.
10 Life 10 Years 15-20 Years Longer Life in water based system.
In areas with proximity to sewage
nallahs,the life is drastically reduced
due to corrosion of Copper
11 Applications Home or Small office Large office,Even with AHUs individual room
with variablecontinuously large air temperature control possible with
occupancy. More cost conditioning loads, Variable Air Volume Valves.
effective in room proper controlled
redundancy cases. conditioning of space.

12 ARI No Yes Standards applicable and products

Certification certified in case of water based
Chilling machines.

Comparison between VRF/VRV System with Central Chilled Water

System:
S.No Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) Chiller based Air conditioners
system
1. Power consumption in this system range up
Power consumption in VRF system to 1.3 KW/TR of refrigeration.
ranges up to 1.6 KW/TR of refrigeration.
2. Customization in design of the Chiller system
Most of the VRF units are designed at an can be done with respect to ambient
ambient temperature of 36°C, and so its temperature.
use would not be suitable if the system is
used in places with hotter temperature.
3. If the system is used at hotter place,
then system de-rates. This is not the case in chiller based system.
 4. It requires more space for its outdoor It can be managed by a single plant room.
unit as maximum size of outdoor unit
available is 60 hp, so a large no. of
outdoor units would be required to fulfill
the requirement of 3500-4000 TR

5. Its design is very complex Its design is comparatively less complex.

6. Its CoP (Coefficient of Performance) Its CoP varies from 5.4 (for 750 TR chiller) to
varies from 3 to 4.2; a higher CoP 6.3 (for 1000 TR chiller)
implies greater efficiency
7. Its part load efficiency is good even at one -
Its part load efficiency is good if used at third of the rated capacity.
more than 50 % rated capacity

Source: Information by Bureau of Energy Efficiency while designing A.C. system of one
of the largest CPWD Projects.

“VRF systems are best as alternative to room (window or split) air conditioner.

For an installation of 3500-4000 TR, as is proposed for the new Supreme Court
building, a central chiller- based system will be more efficient than VRF system. In
order to maintain the peak efficiency of the chiller based system, when the load is less
than peak load, the following design strategy could be considered:

a. Installation of 3 or 4 modules of 750-1000 TR capacity: Each chiller could serve

a different part of the building, and so air conditioning could be managed in different
area accordingly to usage requirements. Further each chiller can deliver near -peak
efficiency delivery upto about 1/3rd of its rated capacity, and so high efficiency can
be delivered even with large variations due to usage variance and climatic
conditions.

b. Appropriate control systems could be installed to manage cooling in various

kinds of usage areas: Independent AHUs for common areas, and independent fan
coil units for rooms and chambers can provide the necessary level of control to
ensure that appropriate cooling as per needs, is provided in different spaces within
the complex. This will ensure that the overall demand for cooling is managed, and
waste full air conditioning can be minimized.”

2.6. PACKAGED TYPE UNITS

2.6.1 Application
These are best suited for air conditioning of areas up to about 450 sqm (about
30 TR A/C load) located adjacent to each other. Beyond this central plant is
generally more economical. These are generally available in 5 TR, 7.5 TR, 10
TR , 15 TR and 20 TR capacities. The components are housed in a vertical
cabinet. These units can be used singly or in multiples of two/ three units.
2.6.2 Type: A packaged unit can be either water cooled or air cooled.
2.6.3 System components-
i) A water cooled packaged type unit includes the following basic
components:
(a) Refrigeration compressor
(b) Condenser (water cooled)
 (c) Evaporator
(d) Expansion Valve
(e) Refrigerant piping along with controls
(f) Supply air blower
(g) Filters
Condenser in this system is cooled by a system of cooling tower(s), condenser
water pumps & connecting condenser water piping.
ii) An air-cooled packaged unit is in two portions-Indoor unit and outdoor
unit. Compressor, Evaporator, Expansion Valve, SA blower & filters are in
indoor unit & condenser along with condenser fan is in outdoor unit. Here
condenser is cooled by a propeller fan.

2.7 CENTRAL PLANTS

For capacities larger than 100 TR, it is generally economical to go in for central
plants.

2.7.1 System components-

A central air-conditioning system may comprise of following basic components.

i) Refrigeration unit (Central plant) comprising of compressor, condenser,
expansion valve, evaporator & interconnecting refrigerant piping.
ii) Hot water generators.
iii) Cooling towers.
iv) Condenser water pumps
v) Chilled / Hot water pumps (Primary and Secondary System as
applicable).
vi) Chilled / Hot water piping (required in central chilled water system).
vii) Condenser water piping.
viii) Air handling units (AHUs) comprising of supply air blower, cooling coil
and/ or heating coil, humidification system (wherever specified), &
filters (the room in which AHU is installed is called weather maker
room).
ix) Air distribution system comprising of ducting, variable air volume
(VAV) valves, fire control dampers, grilles & diffusers.
x) Treated fresh air system (TFA), Free Cooling System,
xi) Demand Control Ventilation System.
xii) Heat Recovery Wheel / Heat recovery pipe/any other measure for
energy conservation for areas, requiring high fresh air intake.
xiii) Electric power supply & distribution.
xiv) Controls & control wiring.

Depending upon the application and design requirements, which the air-
conditioning system must meet, some of above components shall have to be
arranged in certain sequence to condition the air.

2.7.2 Type of Central plants

Refrigeration unit (Central plants) as mentioned under para 2.7.1 (i) above
may be of DX type or chilled water type as per following details:-

2.7.2.1 DX (Direct Expansion) type central plant:-

i) In this type of central plant the evaporator(s) component of the central plant is
located in the air handling unit(s) & works there as DX-type cooling coil. The
 components-chiller, chilled water pumps & chilled water piping are, therefore,
not required in this type of plant.
ii) This type of plant is commonly installed under following circumstances-
a) When the air conditioning load is not very large say up to 100 TR &
space for plant room is available adjacent to AHU room(s).
b) When the temperature to be maintained in air conditioning space is
below 210C, the use of DX type plant becomes technically essential
due to the limiting factors of evaporation temperature of the refrigerant
& the temperature difference between the primary & secondary cooling
medium.

2.7.2.2 Chilled water type central plant

i) The chilled water type central plant becomes necessary when a number of
smaller zones require air-conditioning. In this case, the chilled water is
generated in a centrally located plant room and is piped to various AHUs,
which in turn are individually located near the space they air-condition.
ii) The BHP per tonne of refrigeration in the case of chilled water system is high
compared to the direct expansion system.

2.7.2.3 Depending upon the type of compressor used, Central air conditioning plants
are of three types.
i) Reciprocating type central air conditioning plant.

These plant use reciprocating compressor. These are available in

capacities ranging from 30 TR to 110 TR. However these are slowly
being discontinued due to poor compressor efficiency and being
replaced with scroll & screw type compressors.

ii) Screw type central air conditioning plant.

These plants use screw type compressors. These are generally used in
capacities ranging from 80 TR and up to 400 TR at present.

iii) Centrifugal type central air conditioning plant.

These plants use centrifugal compressors. Centrifugal compressors are

not suitable for circulating and expanding the liquid refrigerant in
remote heat exchange surface. They are, therefore, used only to chill
water/ brine for circulation through remote heat exchanger surface
(AHU coils).

2.7.2.4 System Design & plant selection

i) The system design shall be done after detailed heat load calculations
considering the outside and inside design conditions, ventilation
requirements and internal loads. The plant selection shall be made on
the basis of the calculated peak load, load diversity, partial load
requirements and standby capacity. Normally the size of chillers is so
chosen that at least two chillers, each of 50% of full load requirement are
provided. In case of very large requirements, sometimes the architectural
& structural limitations may dictate the compulsions to limit the size of
individual chillers to smaller capacity. The standby capacity in turn will
depend upon the number of hours of operation of the plant per day,
relative importance of the installation and functional requirements.
Normally for 12 hrs operation of plant one number additional unit of the
same capacity as standby may be provided. For 24 hrs operation of
 plant, 100% standby may be provided.
ii) The type, capacity and quantities of the various components of the
system shall then have to be worked out and specified.
iii) It is also a good practice to simulate cost of operation of the plant by
considering different capacity of chillers for the type of applications. It is
established that by properly selecting the chiller size we can save up to
10 % in operational cost.
iv) The various components of the system shall be so selected as to match
each other under operating conditions of full load as well as anticipated
partial loads.
v) Having selecting the size of chillers it may be decided whether single
circuit or dual circuit chiller be provided.
vi) The overall dimensions of various equipments in the system shall be
suitable for installation in the available space. The permissible loading of
the building structure, acceptable noise level and aesthetics should also
be considered.
vii) Areas with different requirements of fresh air, degree of filtration and/ or
operating hours shall need different and independent AHUs.
viii) From the fire safety point of view, storage areas of combustible articles
such as film stores and explosives shall not be served by the AHUs,
which are serving other areas. Other fire precautions as per National
Building Code, local municipal byelaws and other statutory requirements
shall be complied with.
ix) For 24 hrs A/C areas & where the secondary chilled water pumps are
provided, to save energy, the secondary pumps may be provided with
variable speed drive (VSD) to regulate water flow as per load
requirement.
x) For 100% (Fresh air) AHUs requiring 24 hrs. operation, variable speed
drive (VSD) may be provided to regulate the flow of dehumidified air as
per load requirement.
xi) In case the cooling is done by positioning fan coil units (FCUs) within the
conditioned spaces and circulated chilled water through them, it should
also be supplemented by circulating conditioned air through 100 % FA
AHU (Treated Fresh Air AHU) by a network of ducting, grills and diffusers
to the conditioned spaces for better comfort conditions in terms of
ventilation, & humidity control and Oxygen requirements.
xii) For areas like operation theatre, animal house and where specifically
required functionally, AHUs with 100% fresh air shall be used. The return/
used air in such cases shall be exhausted to atmosphere by installing a
suitable exhaust air system. This exhaust air system shall consist of
single skin blower section and a filter section. This exhaust air system
may be ceiling suspended/ floor mounted as per the site availability.
xiii) In 100% fresh air areas and areas having high occupancy such as
lecture theatres, auditoria, etc., requiring high volume of fresh air, pre-
cooling of fresh air be done by providing Heat Recovery Wheel.
xiv) In addition to controlling the inside temperature it is necessary to control
the concentration limit of various pollutants as per ISHRAE handbook
table no. 29, which are listed below. This is done by providing Demand
Control Ventilation System using sensors for detecting the concentration
and varying the Fresh Air Supply through motorised dampers.
Contaminant Concentration Ppm Exposure time

Carbon dioxide* 1.8 g/cum. Continuous

1000
Carbon 55 mg/cum. 50 8 hr
monoxide
Chlordane 55 pg/cum. 0.0003 Continuous

Ozone 100pg/cum. 0.05 Continuous

 Radon** 0.027/WL - Annual Average

Nitrogen 9 mg/cum. 5 Continuous

dioxide
Sulphur dioxide 13 mg/cum. 5

Total SuspendecParticulates = 100 pg/m/cum. 1 hrs s - 600ppm

* Threshold valu<(NIOSH) ies
** 3200 piococur

2.8 CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM

2.8.1 A central heating system is a means of heating the air in a conditioned space
with or without humidification. Various methods used for central heating are:-
i) The most common method of heating is with the help of a hot water generator.
This is achieved by circulating the hot water so generated either through: -

a) Heat convectors or radiators positioned in the conditioned spaces, or

b) Heating coils of AHUs and circulating the heated air through the
conditioned spaces, analogous to the central chilled water air
conditioning system.

ii) Reverse cycle by providing changeover valves in the chilled and condenser
water piping.

Use of Strip Heaters is now discontinued due to fire hazard.

2.8.2 Central Heating through Hot Water Generators i) General Description of

System
The hot water generator be electrically operated. Coal & Oil fired hot water
generators are now not in use due to very low energy efficiency and pollution
considerations.
The hot water so generated is piped through either heat convectors/ radiators
or AHUs, depending upon the system followed. Heat convectors/ radiators are
used where no humidity control is required. In order to provide better comfort
conditions, this type of heating can be supplemented with preheated fresh air
circulated through AHUs and ducts. The central heating scheme can also be
designed along with the central chilled water air-conditioning scheme where
cooling during summer and heating during winter are required in one of
following manners:
a) Laying separate pipe lines for chilled and hot water flow from A.C. plant
room to AHUs. Here AHUs will have separate cooling and heating coils. For
humidity control in monsoon re-heat coils in the main initial section of S.A. duct
shall be provided.
b) In case of space constraints in respect to laying of separate pipe lines
& cooling, heating coils, same water lines and heat transfer coils may be
designed to carry chilled water during summer/ monsoon for cooling and hot
water during winter for heating. In this case however humidity control by reheat
shall not be possible, as strip heaters used earlier are not allowed due to Fire
Protection consideration.
ii) System Component :

A complete central heating system may include the following components :

a) Hot water generator,
 b) Hot water pump,
c) Hot water piping,
d) Convector/ radiator
e) Heat transfer units (AHUs), variable air volume (VAV) valves, fire
control dampers, grills & diffusers
f) T reated fresh air system (TFA),
g) Demand Control Ventilation System.
h) Heat Recover Wheel.
i) Air filters,
j) Air distribution system,
k) Controls and control wiring and,
l) Power supply control and distribution arrangement.
Some or all of the above components shall have to be arranged in a
proper sequence to condition the air.

iii) System Design and plant selection:

It shall be done as per para 2.7.2.4 above.

2.8.3 Central Heating through electric strip heaters :

Strip heaters used earlier are not allowed due to Fire Protection consideration.

2.8.4 Central Heating through Reverse Cycle : i)

General Description.
a) The chilled water air-conditioning system which is used for cooling in
summer can also be used for heating in winter by providing additional
valves & piping for interchanging the condenser water & chilled water
flow circuits.
b) During summer when cooling is required, the chilled water plant is
operated as a conventional system with the chilled water being circulated
through the cooling coils of the AHUs and FCUs to cool and dehumidify
areas and condenser water being circulated through the cooling tower.
c) During winter, when heating is required, the condenser water is
circulated through the cooling coils of AHUs and FCUs. The warm
condenser water heats the air passing over AHU/ FCU cooling coils and
gets cooled in the process. The cooled condenser water is then
circulated through the condenser to condense the refrigerant vapour and
it gets heated up in the process. The cooling coils thus perform the
function of the cooling tower. The chilled water from the chiller is
circulated through the cooling tower. The temperature of chilled water
being lower than the ambient air, the chilled water gets heated by the
ambient air. The chilled water from the cooling tower is then circulated
through the chiller to evaporate the refrigerant & it gets cooled in the
process. The cooled water is then circulated through the cooling tower.
The cooling tower performs the function of the cooling coil. This winter
heating is known as reverse cycle heating and can be accomplished by
interconnection of chilled water and condenser water supply and return
headers through change over valves.
d) This system can be used in places where winter ambient
temperature is more than 7.20C (W.B) & Quality of water shall have
hardness less than 60 PPM.
ii) Limitations :

a) The reverse cycle heating cannot be resorted to when the outside wet
bulb temperature drops below 7. 2 0C.
 b) Further, if the quality of condenser water is bad, circulation of condenser
water through the cooling coils may foul the tubes of the cooling coil
and may also lead to scale formation inside the tubes of the cooling
coils. Hence this system is used where hardness of water is less
than 60 PPM.
2.8.5 Central Heating through Heat Pumps:
For cold areas having RH below 55% throughout the year, heat pumps may
be used, if economical.

2.9 Mechanical Ventilation (For Non Air Conditioned Areas)

2.9.1 Ventilation

Ventilation is the process of changing air in an enclosed space. A proportion of

the air in the space should be continuously withdrawn and replaced by fresh air
drawn from outside to maintain the required level of air purity. Ventilation is
required to control the following:
a) Oxygen Content — Prevent depletion of the oxygen content of the air;
b) Carbon dioxide and Moisture — Prevent undue accumulation;
c) Contaminants — Prevent undue rise in concentration of body odours and
other contaminants such as tobacco smoke;
d) Bacteria — Oxidize colonies of bacteria and fungus to prevent their
proliferation.
e) Heat — Remove body heat, heat generated by electrical & mechanical
equipment, solar heat gains through walls & glass, etc.

Mechanical ventilation is one of several forms of ventilation options available. It

usually consists of fans, filters, ducts, air diffusers and outlets for air distribution
within the building. It may include either mechanical exhaust system or exhaust
can occur through natural means.

Natural ventilation and natural exhaust are also options. The scope of this
section is therefore restricted to mechanical ventilation.

2.9.2 Design Considerations.

Following considerations provide details regarding the various parameters that

affect the type of ventilation system selected for a particular application, and
the sizing of the ventilation plant:

2.9.2.1 National Building Code of India 2005 specified the ventilation

requirement as per following table:
Ventilation Requirement for various
Application
areas in various Air Change per hour
buildings :
S.No. Assembly Rooms 4-8
1.
Bank/building societies 4-8
2.
3. Bathrooms 6-10

4. Bedrooms 2-4

5. Canteens 8-12
 Cinemas and theatres 10-15
6.
7. Club rooms 12, Min

Conference rooms 8-12

8.
9. Corridors 5-10

Dance halls 12, Min

10.

11. Engine Room 15-30

Entrance halls 3-5

12.
13. Garages 6-8
14. Glass Houses 25-60

15. Gymnasium 6, Min

Hospital -sterilizing 15-25

16.
17. Hospital -ward 6-8

Hospital domestic 15-20

18.
19. Laboratories 6-15

20. Laundries 10-30

Lavatories 6-15
21.
Lecture theatres 5-8
22.
23. Libraries 3-5

24. Living rooms 3-6

25. Offices 6-10

26. Photo and X- ray dark room 10-15

 27. Recording control rooms 15-25

Restaurants 8-12
28.
29. School room 5-7

30. Shops and supermarkets 8-15

31. Shower baths 15-20

32. Stores and Warehouses 3-6

33. Swimming Bath 10-15

34. Toilets 6-10

Note: - The ventilation rates may be increased by 50 percent where

heavy smoking occurs or if the room is below ground.

CMM required for ventilation system is thus calculated Based on the

2.9.2.2
volume of the room and from the above table as-

(no. of air changes/ hour) X (volume in cu. m of space to be

ventilated)
CMM 60

CMM required for Pressurisation of lifts lobby, lift shaft, stair case shaft is
2.9.2.3 calculated from closed door as well as opened door area as- Leakage
area = total nos. of doors x gap in doors (normally taken as 2 mm) x
i) perimeter of doors.
Leakage form closed door = 0.821 x leakage area x pressure difference.
ii) Opened door leakage = door area x no. of opened door (normally
iii) considered 1 door) x velocity (normally considered as 0.76 m / sec) of air.
Total air leakage = closed door + opened door leakage.
Add 10% safety factor/ duct leakage etc., which will give CMM required.
iv)
v) CMM required for Basement Parking Ventilation
Divide the basement in zones of area not exceeding 3000 sqm. in case
2.9.2.4 sprinkler system is provided in basement, if not, then not exceeding else
i) 750 sqm.
For each zone separate set of supply air fans and exhaust air fans shall
be provided. Supply air fans shall not be required in areas in zone near
ii) Ramps or zone with natural ventilation, however sufficiency may be
examined.
Minimum 12 air changes/hrs. are required to be provided.

iii)
 iv) Calculate the CMM required for each Zone as per 2.9.2.2.
v) The recommended ventilation rate will ensure that the CO level will
maintained within 29 mg/m3 with peak level not to exceed 137 mg/m3.

2.9.2.5 Calculation of Fan Static-

i) Pressurization system for lifts lobby, lift shaft, stair case shaft -.
As per NBC part - 5 fire and light safety the following pressure are to be
maintained for various shafts in high-rise building more than 25 mtr. in
height-
Pressure Difference
Reduce OperationEmergency operation
Building Height
(Stage 1 of a 2 Stage (Stage 2 of a 2 stage or
system)(Pa) single stage system)(Pa)
Less than 15 m 8 50
15 m or above 15 50

If possible the same levels shall be used for lobbies and corridors, but
ii) level slightly lower may be used for these spaces if desired. The
difference in pressurization levels between staircase and lobbies (for
corridors) shall not be greater than 5 Pa.
For Basement Parking Ventilation the static can be calculated by duct
iii) friction method using a ductolator.

Selection & Installation of Fans :

2.9.2.6 Having defined the fan CMM & static to be developed, the fan is
selected on basis of following criterion-
Pressurization system for lifts lobby, lift shaft, stair case shaft :
i) (a) Fans are normally installed at terrace and are to be enclosed in
GI housing.
(b) Some duct work is required for connecting up to the shaft.
(c) These fans shall be operated automatically in case of fire on
signal from IBMS or directly from Fire Control Panel of AFAS.
Panels for these fans can be provided in lifts machine rooms.
Auto manual switch is required to be provided to facilitate local
testing.
Basement car parking ventilation :
ii) (a) Normally centrifugal fan are provided in fan room in basement. In
case fan room is not available, ceiling mounted axial fans may be
provide.
(b) All exhaust fan provided for the scheme, shall be fire rated for
900°C for 2 hrs.
 (c) Normal ventilation fans for min. 12 air change/ hrs are kept on
during working hours. However CO2 sensor may be provide
which will continuously monitor the air quality and operate the
normal fans only when required and there by conserve
energy.For each zone, zonal electrical panel is required to be
provided which shall get the signal from fire alarm panel to
activate the fans in case of fire to achieve 30 air changes per hr.
(d) While selecting the fans noise level of fans may be kept under
consideration to make sure that the noise level is kept below 80
decimal at all times except in case of fire.
(e) Selection of Fan type for Ventilation System
The characteristics and applications of fans & the efficiencies of various type of fans
are tabulated below for selection of fans-
Centrifugal Fans
T e
yp Characteristics Typical Applications Efficiency (%)
High pressure, medium
Radial flow, efficiency close to Various industrial applications, 72-79
tube-axial fans, power suitable for dust laden, moist
increases continuously air/ gases
Medium pressure, high
Forward- flow, dip in pressure Low pressure HVAC, packaged
curved curve, efficiency higher units, suitable for clean and 60-65
blades than radial fans, power dust laden air/ gases
rises continuously
Backwar High pressure, high flow,
d High efficiency, power HVAC, various industrial
reduces as flow increases applications forced draft fans, 79-83
curved
beyond point of highest etc.
blades
efficiency

Airfoil Same as backward

Same as backward curved, but
curved type, highest 79-83
type for clean air applications
efficiency

Axial Flow Fans

T
ype Characteristics Typical Applications Efficiency (%)
Propeller Low pressure, high flow, Air-circulation, ventilation, 45-50
low efficiency, peak exhausts.
efficiency close to point of
free air delivery (zero
static pressure)
Tube- Medium pressure, high HVAC, drying ovens, exhaust 67-72
axial flow, higher efficiency Systems
than propeller type, dip in
pressure-flow curve
before peak pressure
point.
Vane- High pressure, medium High pressure applications 78-85
axial flow, dip in pressure-flow including
curve, use of guide vanes HVAC systems
improves
Efficiency exhausts
 2.10 ETAC Plants

A mechanical ventilation system is a means to dispense of unwanted odours,

fumes and heat content to maintain freshness in the ventilated space. When
this is supplemented with an air washer for lowering dry bulb temperature and
providing better comfort conditions in dry climates, the system is known as
Evaporative Type Air Cooling (ETAC).

2.10.1 Design Considerations

(i) The climatic zone in which the building is located is a major

consideration. An important distinction that must be made is between hot
dry and warm-moist conditions. Hot-dry work situations occur around
furnaces, forges, metal-extruding and rolling mills, glass forming
machines, and so forth.
(ii) Typical warm-moist operations are found in textile mills, laundries, dye
houses, and deep mines where water is used extensively for dust
control. Warm-moist conditions are more hazardous than the hot-dry
conditions.
(iii) Siting (and orientation) of the building is also an important factor. Solar
heat gain and high outside temperature increase the load significantly.
How significantly depends, on the magnitude of these gains particularly
in relation to other gains for example the internal load.
(iv) The comfort level required is another consideration. In many cases,
comfort levels (as understood in the context of Residential Buildings,
Commercial Blocks, Office Establishments) cannot be achieved at all
and therefore, what is often aimed at will be ‘acceptable working
conditions’ rather than ‘comfort’.
(v) Evaporative cooling units (air washers) should be located preferably on
summer-windward side. They should be painted white or with reflective
coating or thermally insulated, so as to minimize solar heat absorption.
(vi) In locating the units, care should be taken to ensure that their noise level
will not be objectionable to the neighbours. Appropriate acoustic
treatment should be considered, if the noise levels cannot be kept down
to permissible limits.
(vii) Exhaust air devices, preferably to leeward and overhead side may be
provided for effective movement of air.
(viii) In the case of large installations it is advisable to have a separate isolated
equipment room if possible.
(ix) The equipment room should be adequately dimensioned keeping in view
the need to provide required movement space for personnel, space for
entry and exit of ducts, the need to accommodate air intakes and
discharge, operation, maintenance and service requirements.
(x) Arrangements for draining the floors shall be provided. The trap in floor
drain shall provide a water seal between the equipment room and the
drain line. Water proofing shall be provided for floor slabs of equipment
rooms housing, evaporative cooling units.
(xi) Wherever necessary, acoustic treatment should be provided in plant
room space to prevent noise transmission to adjacent occupied areas.
 (xii) In case the equipment is located in basement, equipment movement
route shall be planned to facilitate future replacement and maintenance.
Service ramps or hatch in ground floor slab should be provided in such
cases. Also arrangements for floor draining should be provided.
(xiii) In the case of large and multi-storied buildings, independent Ventilation/
Air Washer Units should be provided for each floor. The area to be
served by the air-handling unit should be decided depending upon the
provision of fire protection measures adopted. The Units should
preferably be located vertically one above the other to simplify location of
pipe shafts, cable shafts, drainers.

2.10.2 General Description of System

i) The air in the ventilated space is exhausted into the atmosphere. This air
is made up by injecting fresh air from outside. In a simple ventilation
system, this fresh air (makeup air) is supplied untreated with the help of
blower and duct network. However, in ETAC system, most suitable in a
dry climate, this fresh air (make up air) is treated in an air washer before
its supply to the ventilated space for providing better comfort conditions.
ii) The air washer is basically a spray chamber where the air and the
cooling medium are brought into contact with each other. The air is
drawn through the spray chamber by means of a fan and water is
sprayed by means of a water pump & piping network. Such a spray
chamber, complete with water collecting tank, eliminator plates, inlet
louvers and other auxiliary equipments are known as air washers. During
the course of flow through the air washer, the air may get cooled &
humidified or cooled & dehumidified or heated & humidified depending
on the temperature of spray water as is given hereunder:-
a) When the water used in the spray is simply re-circulated, the air passing
through air washer will get cooled & humidified.
b) When the water used in the spray is chilled (by some external devise) &
its temperature is higher than the dew point temperature of entering air,
the air on passing through air washer will get cooled & humidified.
c) When the water used in the spray is chilled (by some external devise) &
its temperature is lower than the dew point temperature of entering air,
the air on passing through air washer will get cooled & dehumidified.
d) When the water used in the spray is heated (by some external devise),
the air on passing through air washer will get heated & humidified.

The air washers are usually constructed in two different lengths of 2.75
mtrs long and 4.25 mtrs long. The 2.75 mtrs long air washers are
equipped with two banks of spray opposing each other. These air
washers are used for humidification or dehumidification purpose. The
4.25 mtrs long air washers are usually with three banks of sprays. These
air washers are generally used for certain special applications where
high percentage of saturation of air is required.

iii) Where ex-filtration of air from the ventilated space is to be prevented

from reaching the other areas, a slight negative pressure is to be
maintained in the ventilated space. This can be achieved by keeping the
exhaust air quantity slightly higher than supply air (make up air) quantity.
 This is especially necessary where odours and fumes are required to be
prevented from reaching other areas.
2.10.3 System Components

i) A complete mechanical ventilation system with air washers includes the

following components: -

a) Means of exhausting and / or injecting the air,

b) Air filters,
c) Air distribution,
d) Air washer,
e) Water spray pump, nozzles & piping network,
f) Controls and control wiring, and
g) Power supply and distribution arrangement.

ii) Depending upon the application and design requirements, which the
mechanical ventilation / ETAC system must meet, some or all of the above
components shall have to be arranged in a certain sequence to condition the
air.

2.10.4 System Design

i) The system design shall be done by first deciding upon the number of air
changes per hour required to be maintained in the space. The capacity of the
exhausting and/or the injecting equipments can then be worked out on the
basis of the volume of the space and the number of air changes required per
hour.

ii) The recommended number of air changes per hour for various applications are
as given at 2.9.2.1.

iii) The other requirements shall be as given under paras 2.10.1 to 2.10.3

iv) A brief system design for some of the applications is given below:

a) Kitchens:
The exhaust system should take care of all the heat, smoke and odours
produced during the cooking process and also maintain a hygienic atmosphere
within the kitchen. The exhaust of air should be done through hoods equipped
with grease filters, duct network and a exhaust blower. The hood should be of
such a size as to capture, as nearly as possible, all the above pollutants
produced in the cooking process and to contain them until the fan can exhaust
them. Grease filters are used with the hood to protect the exhaust system. The
exhaust air is made up by using fresh air from outside with the help of a blower
and a duct network. The makeup air can be supplied untreated, or treated in
an air washer so that slight negative pressure is maintained in the kitchen to
prevent exfiltration of the pollutants to the public areas. This is achieved by
exhausting approximately 10% more air than the supply air quantity. Air
curtains can also be used at entry / exit points of the kitchen to prevent the
kitchen pollutants from going into the public areas.

b) Toilets:
Where the toilets are scattered and located at different places, a local exhaust
system with propeller type exhaust fans mounted on the toilet walls exposed to
the atmosphere is recommended. However, in multi-storied buildings, where
the toilets are generally located one above the other in the various floors, the
 toilet shaft can be used for exhausting the air through sheet metal ducts with a
centrifugal fan installed on the rooftop.

c) Car Parks

In the case of basement floor parking areas, a push-pull arrangement of

ventilation can be used. One set of axial flow fans can push fresh air into the
basement area and another similar set can evacuate the fume-laden air.

d) Mechanical Plant Rooms:

In the case of air conditioning plant rooms, generator rooms, substation, boiler
room etc., located in the building basement, a push-pull arrangement of
ventilation as mentioned at (c) above may be used.

e) Designated Smoking Rooms

To curb any movement of contaminated air from the smoking zone to non-
smoking areas, it should be ensured that the smoking zone operates at a
negative pressure in comparison with the surrounding non-smoking areas.
Ventilation system of the smoking zone should be separate from that of the
non-smoking areas. To maintain the required indoor air quality standards in the
smoking zones, the smoking zones should have higher ventilation rates than
non-smoking areas and should be designed for at least 60 cubic feet per
minute per person.
The contaminated air from the smoking zone should be exhausted directly to
the outdoors. It should be ensured that there is no recirculation of this air
contaminated with tobacco smoke, to the non-smoking zones of the building.

If the smoking zone is mechanically ventilated, it should have an air circulation

rate of not less than 30 air changes per hour.

2.11 COLD ROOMS

A cold storage system is a means of achieving and maintaining low

temperature conditions, with or without humidity control, in an enclosed space.
For smaller capacities these can be of factory assembled units such as deep
freezers, bottle coolers and walk-in-coolers. For larger capacities and to meet
the specific requirements, site assembled or built up cold storage systems are
resorted to. These General Specifications only cover the latter type, viz., built
up cold storage systems.

2.11.1 General Description of the System

i) A cold storage system involves refrigeration equipment, with or without

humidity control equipment depending upon the application. Where
humidity control is required, dehumidifiers or driers as are more
commonly called, are used, especially in very low temperature
applications. In normal cases, it should be possible to achieve the
required humidity conditions with the normal refrigeration cycle.
ii) The conventional method is to provide a product cooler, which is nothing
but an evaporator in the refrigeration cycle, within the cold room.
Alternatively, conditioned air through AHUs can also be fed to the cold
room.
 iii) The cold room has to be properly insulated to reduce the refrigeration
load and to maintain the desired inside conditions.

2.11.2 System Components

A built up cold storage system shall include the following components: -

i) Refrigeration unit comprising of compressor, condenser, expansion valve,

evaporator & refrigerant piping,
ii) Cooling Tower,
iii) Product Cooler/ AHU,
iv) Air filtration and distribution,
v) Piping systems which include refrigerant piping, condenser water piping, hot
water/steam piping for defrosting,
vi) Controls and control wiring,
vii) Power supply control and distribution arrangement.
viii) Dehumidifier

Depending upon the application and design requirements, which the cold
storage system must meet, some of the above components shall have to be
arranged in a certain sequence to give the required conditions.

2.11.3 System Design

i) The system design shall be done as per para 2.1.2.3.
In addition, provision for automatic defrost and disposal of collected
water should be made. The selection of the type of defrosting shall be
appropriate to the inside conditions.
ii) Provision shall also be kept for safety alarm bell with high intensity blinking
LED to assist any one trapped in the cold room.
 Standby product cooler shall be provided as
required.CHAPTER-3

ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL REQUIRMENTS

3.1 SCOPE

This chapter outlines the general guidelines for planning space

requirements, equipment location, floor loading & other structural
requirements for various types of HVAC systems

3.2 PACKAGED TYPE PLANT

3.2.1 Space Requirements

i) The floor area requirement for installation of the packaged type

plant room shall be as under:

a) Single Unit : 3 m X 2.5 m

b) Double Units : 3mX4m
c) Triple Units : 3mX5m
ii) Dimensions indicated are clear space requirements. The
minimum clear height of the packaged unit room shall be same
as that of the space to be air-conditioned to facilitate laying of
ducts.

3.2.2 Equipment Location

The packaged type plant room should be adjacent to the space to be air-
conditioned.

3.2.3 Floor loading & other structural requirements

i) Floor loading of the packaged type unit plant room shall not be less
than 1200 Kg/ sqm
ii) The plant room should have a fresh air intake point, fresh water
connection and drain point for draining out condensate.

3.3 CENTRAL AIR CONDITIONING PLANT

3.3.1 Space requirements

i) Space requirement for central air conditioning plant shall be worked out on
following basis:
Chilling unit
a) Reciprocating - 25-30 sq.m per unit (in case of single
compressor unit).

b) Reciprocating - 40 sq.m. per unit (in case of multi

compressor unit)

c) Centrifugal/ screw - 40-50 sq.m. per unit

d) Centrifugal pump - 8-10 sq.m each pump

e) Electrical panel - 20-25 sq.m per chilling unit

 f)
g) Control panel 20-25 sq.m

ii) Additional space for circulation shall be taken as 20-25% of the above total
space.

iii) Provision shall also be kept for anticipated future requirements.

iv) The minimum clear height of the plant room shall be 3.6 m in case of
Reciprocating plants and 4.5 m in case of Centrifugal & Screw type plants.

v) The entrance to A.C. plant room for centrifugal / screw type units shall be
through rolling shutter/ suitable door shutters of steel or strong material to
take self load having minimum width of 3 m & height not less than 4 m for
centrifugal/ screw type units & 3.5 m for reciprocating type units.

3.3.2 Equipment location

The plant room shall have easy accessibility for moving in and out of equipments
and shall be well ventilated. The location of the plant room shall also take into
consideration the routing of the chilled water and condenser water lines from the
plant room. As far as possible the plant room should be in close proximity to the
electrical substation, since AC plant is main power load. The plant room shall be
preferably located in a separate service building along with the substation.
Basements shall be avoided from the fire safety point of view.

3.3.3 Floor loading and other structural requirements

i) The floor loading of the AC plant shall be 2000 Kg/sq m

ii) The Plant room should have a fresh water connection & drain trap.

3.4 WEATHER MAKER / AHU ROOMS

3.4.1 Space requirements

i) Floor area requirement for the AHU room shall be as under:

For AHUs upto 340 CMM : 4.5 m X 3.5 m
For AHUs between 340 CMM & 680 CMM : 5.5 m X 4.5 m
ii) The minimum clear height of the AHU room shall be the same as that of
the air-conditioned space to facilitate laying of ducts.

3.4.2 Equipment Location

AHU rooms should be contiguous to the respective areas to be air-conditioned by

them. Their location should also take into consideration the feasibility of routing the
ducts as well as provision of chilled water lines, water connections for the
humidification equipments, fresh air inlet point and drain outlets. In multistoried
constructions, the AHUs should be located in a vertical configuration to facilitate
laying of chilled water lines. Individual AHUs shall not serve more than one floor
from the fire safety point of view. Similarly each fire compartment shall have a
separate AHU. Where the AHUs are located in the basement or in any floor below
the air-conditioned floors, individual shafts shall
 be provided for each AHU from the AHU room for the supply and return air, from
the fire safety point of view.

3.4.3 Floor loading and other structural requirements.

i) The floor loading of AHU room shall be 800 Kg/ sq m

ii) The doors of the AHU rooms shall be single leaf, air tight having a
minimum width of 1.2 m and openable outside. The floor of the AHU room
shall slope towards the drain point. For clean room applications and other
special requirements the internal finish of the AHU room shall be suitable
for these special applications.
iii) All cutouts in the floor for the pipelines and cable shall be effectively sealed
from the fire safety point of view.
iv) The clear height required to be maintained under the false ceiling shall take
into consideration the ducting design and after allowing for the depth of the
beams, thickness of the false ceiling including its frame work, recessed
light fittings, etc.
v) The cutouts required in the floor slabs for installing the pipes, ducts and / or
cables shall be decided at the initial planning stage and marked in the
architectural drawings.
vi) Requirements for fresh air openings, water and drain in the AHU rooms as
well as insulation of exposed roof slabs of conditioned areas as well as
AHU room shall also be detailed in the initial planning stage.

vii) The beams in the ceiling of AHU rooms shall be of low depth to facilitate
installing of supply air duct and return air duct.

3.5 COOLING TOWERS

3.5.1 The space occupied by each cooling tower & approximate operating weight for
each cooling tower is given as under. In addition there shall be ample open space
all around cooling towers for free flow of air.
Capacity Space requirement per cooling Weight per cooling tower
tower
Upto 40 TR 4m x4m 1000 Kg
50- 100 TR 5m x4m 2500 Kg
125-175 TR 6m x4m 5000 Kg
200-300 TR 7 m x4m 6000 Kg
325-400 TR 7 m x5m 7500 Kg
425-600 TR 8m x5m 10000 Kg

However the NIT approving authority may give the exact weight after finalizing the
makes and getting information from the manufacturers.

3.5.2 Equipment location

These may be located at a well ventilated place either at ground level and
contiguous to the plant room, or on the terrace of the building in consultation with
the Architect. In case the cooling towers are located on the terrace of the building,
the structural loading of the terrace shall be considered. For this respective
columns are to be raised by two feet at the terrace. Cooling towers shall be
installed in such a way that their load is transferred directly to the columns for
which necessary Mild steel-I sections shall be provided by Airconditioning
contractor. The cooling towers shall be rested on Mild Steel-I sections & not on
terrace slab. Sufficient free space shall be left all around for efficient operation of
 the cooling tower.

3.6 CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEM

3.6.1 Space Requirements

i) The space requirement shall depend upon the type and capacity of the hot
water generator chosen for the work and its overall dimensions.
ii) Sufficient space shall be left all around the hot water generator for
maintenance and operation purpose.
iii) Space shall also be provided for the auxiliary equipments such as hot
water circulating pumps and electrical control panels.

iv) The minimum clear height of hot water generator room shall be 4.5 m.

v) Sufficient space should also be provided for the storage of fuel in case of
oil fired hot water generator. Though the daily service tank shall be
provided within the room, bulk storage tank may be provided outside the
buildings, either above or below ground level.
vi) Use of HSD/ LDO oil fired hot water generator has been discontinued due
to pollution & fire safety considerations.

vii) Space requirement for AHUs shall be as under 3.4.1.

3.6.2 Equipment Location

i) The hot water generator room shall preferably be located in a separate

service building from the fire safety point of view. The room shall have easy
accessibility for moving in and out the equipments.
ii) Electrically operated hot water generator shall preferably be located in
close proximity to the electrical substation, especially in the case of large
capacity hot water generator.

iii) The AHU rooms shall be located as under 3.4.2

3.6.3 Structural Requirements

i) The floor loading of the hot water generator room shall be 2000 Kg/sq m.
ii) The floor loading of the AHU rooms and other requirements shall be as
under 3.4.3

3.7 MECHANICALVENTILATION/ EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM

3.7.1 Space Requirement

i) The space requirement for the equipments, air washers etc., shall be as
per the manufacturer’s recommendations.

ii) Space shall also be provided as required for the installation of the pumps
along with the air washers.
iii) The minimum clear height of the equipment and air washer rooms shall be
3.6 m. The actual height required would depend upon the capacity of the
equipment and manufacturer’s recommendation.

3.7.2 Equipment Location

i) The plant room shall be located contiguous to the space to be ventilated to

reduce the pressure drop in the system.
 ii) Where air washers are also to be installed the room shall be treated with
waterproof treatment and shall be located adjacent to the blower room.

iii) The plant room shall be so located that it is conveniently possible to

exhaust or inject the air to / from the ambient.

3.7.3 Floor loading & other Structural Requirements

i) The floor loading of the plant room and air washer room shall be 2000
kg./sq.m.

ii) The doors of the plant room and air washer room shall be single leaf, air
tight and open able outside. The floor and walls of the air washer room
shall be properly treated, preferably with tiles to prevent seepage of water
to the adjoining areas. The floor of the air washer room shall be properly
sloped towards the drain point.

iii) The air washer room shall be provided with water and drain points.

iv) Fresh air opening along with masonry louvers, fresh water connection and
drain outlet shall be provided in the plant room / air washer room.

3.8 COLD ROOMS

3.8.1 Space Requirements

i) The space requirement shall have to be worked out in individual cases

depending upon the system selected.

ii) Sufficient space should be kept around the equipments for operation and
maintenance purposes.
iii) Normal room height in the building should be adequate for the equipment
room as well as the cold room.

3.8.2 Equipment Location

i) Plant Room
The plant room shall have to be necessarily adjacent to the cold room where DX
system is used. The plant room shall have easy accessibility
for men and materials and shall be well ventilated. In an air-cooled system,
the condenser shall have to be located in a well ventilated space and
preferably within the equipment room.

ii) AHU’s Rooms and Cooling Towers

These shall be located as under 3.4.2 & 3.5

3.8.3 Floor loading and other Structural Requirements

i) The floor loading for the equipment room shall be 2000 kg /sq. m.
ii) The floor loading/ weight of the equipment for AHU rooms and cooling
towers shall be as under 3.3.4 & 3.5.
iii) Where the cold rooms are located in the uppermost floor, the roof slab shall
be provided with effective water proofing treatment to avoid any damage to
the insulation of the cold room. For the same reason, the cold rooms shall
be located away from the wet areas such as toilets.
 iv) Where the cold rooms are located on the ground floor, the flooring shall be
effectively treated to prevent any seepage of water from the ground into the
cold room.
v) Suitable insulation along with vapour barrier shall be provided on all the
sides of the cold room including the roof and flooring, especially in low
humidity applications.

3.9 GENERAL STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS

i)If the building is air conditioned, the roof of the air conditioned areas & W.M.
room shall have insulation on the roof (preferably over deck insulation
wherever possible) and insulation in the walls. Buildings or complexes that
have a connected load of 100kW or greater or an air- conditioned area of
1000 m2 or more should comply with the thermal transmittance value (U-
factor) requirements or R- value of insulation specified below. The U-factor
takes into account all elements or layers in the construction assembly,
including the sheathing, interior finishes, and air gaps, as well as exterior and
interior air films. The roof insulation shall not be located on a suspended
ceiling with removable ceiling panels.
Roof Assembly U-Factor and Insulation
24-HourR-Value useRequirements
buildings-Daytime use buildings Other building
Climate zone Hospitals, Hotels, etc. Types
Maximum U- Minimum R-Maximum U-Minimum R-value of
Factor of the value ofFactor of theinsulation alone
overall Insulation overall (m2.K/W)
Assembly Alone Assembly
(W/m2-C) (m2.K/W) (W/m2-C)
Composite R-3.5 R-2.1
Hot and Dry R-3.5 R-2.1
Warm and R-3.5 R-2.1
Humid
Moderate R-2.1 R-2.1
Cold R-3.5 R-2.1
Opaque Wall Assembly U-Factor and Insulation
24-Hour use R-Value
buildings-Requirements
Hospitals, Daytime use buildings Other building
Climate zone Hotels, etc. Types
Maximum U- Maximum U-Minimum R-value
Factor of theMinimum R- Factor of theof insulation
overall value of overall alone (m2.K/W)
Assembly (W/m2-Insulation alone Assembly
C) (m2.K/W) (W/m2-C)
Composite R-2.1 R-2.1
Hot and Dry R-2.1 R-2.1
Warm and Humid R-2.1 R-2.1
Moderate R-2.1 R-2.1
Cold R-2.2 R-2.35

ii) All the glazed window of air-conditioning areas shall preferably be

provided with double pane glass windows.

iii) Buildings or complexes that have a connected load of 100kW or greater

or an air-conditioned area of 1000 m2 or more should comply with the
fenestration requirements (as applicable) specified below:
Vertical fenestration U-Factor ( W/m2-C) and SHGC
Climate zone
requirements
 40% < WWR < 60%
WWR < 40%
Maximum --Factor Maximum SHGC Maximum SHGC
Composite 3.3 0.25 0.2
Hot and Dry 3.3 0.25 0.2
Warm and Humid 3.3 0.25 0.2
Moderate 6.9 0.4 0.3
Cold 3.3 0.51 0.51

Minimum VLT Requirements

Window Wall ratio Minimum VLT

0-0.3 0.27
0.31-0.4 0.2
0.41-0.5 0.16
0.51 - 0.6 0.13

Climate zone Skylight U-Factor ( W/m2-C) and SHGC requirements

Maximum L -Factor Maximum SHGC
With curb w/o curb 0-2% SRR 2.1-5% SRR
Composite 11.24 7.71 0.4 0.25
Hot and Dry 11.24 7.71 0.4 0.25
Warm and Humid 11.24 7.71 0.4 0.25
Moderate 11.24 7.71 0.61 0.4
Cold 11.24 7.71 0.61 0.4
iv) All the doors/ windows of air-conditioned areas shall be made airtight.
Air leakage for glazed swinging entrance doors and revolving doors
shall not exceed 5.0 l/s m2. Air leakage for other fenestration and doors
shall not exceed 2.0 l/s m2.

v) The following areas of the enclosed building envelopes shall be sealed,

caulked, gasketed, or weather stripped to minimize air leakage:

a) Joints around fenestration and door frames

b) Openings between walls and foundation and between walls and roof and
wall panels.
c) Opening at penetrations of utility services through roof, walls, and floors
d) Site-built fenestration and doors
e) Building assemblies used as ducts and plenums
f) All other openings in the building envelope

vi) For air conditioning areas, where the return air is collected/ carried back
to AHU rooms above false ceiling, the false ceiling shall be airtight &
preferably shall be of Gypsum Board.

vii) Total water requirements of air conditioning plant shall be assessed @

15 litre/TR/Hr of plant operation. For 24 hour operation the number of
operating hours shall be taken as 16. For small central plants a
makeup water tank of same capacity shall be provided along the
cooling towers with bottom of this make up tank being at least 0.75
mtrs above the sump level of cooling tower. For large size central
plants an underground tank of total water requirement capacity shall
 have to be provided near the A.C. Plant room and a makeup water tank
of part water requirement shall be provided along with cooling towers.

3.10 CHECK LIST FOR SPACE PROVISIONS FOR CENTRAL AIR

CONDITIONING WORKS

i) A.C Plant room

ii) AC plant room water connection & drainage
iii) Cooling tower location
iv) AHU room
v) AHU room water connection & drainage
vi) Shaft for carrying chilled water pipes
vii) False ceiling co-ordination
viii) Ceiling height to accommodate ducting
ix) Water requirement
x) Routes of piping/ cable
xi) Thermal/ acoustic insulation
xii) Air tightness of windows/ doors
 Insulation for AC areas on top floors.CHAPTER- 4

PACKAGED TYPE AIR CONDITIONING PLANTS AND VARIBALE REFRIGERANT

FLOW/ VOLUME SYSTEM

4.1 WATER COOLED PACKAGED TYPE PLANTS

4.1.1 Scope

This chapter covers the requirements of packaged type air-conditioning plants

with water-cooled condensers of 5, 7.5, 10 , 15 and 20 TR capacities.

4.1.2 General Construction :

i) The packaged type plants shall be self-contained units generally

conforming to IS: 8148 1976 (packaged air- conditioner). The plant
may have a single or multi refrigeration circuit as per design of
respective manufacturers. Each compressor, however, shall have a
independent condenser, evaporator & refrigerant circuit.

ii) The packaged unit shall be constructed with adequate strength and
rigidity to withstand handling, transportation and usage.

iii) The unit shall be fabricated so as to be free from undue noise and
vibration. All valves and refrigerant piping shall be suitably clamped.

iv) The internal components of the unit shall be located so as to be easily

accessible for inspection and maintenance. All parts which are accident
hazard shall be effectively guarded.

v) Due care shall be taken in the use of materials likely to come in contact
with water, namely, condensate tray, etc. by the use of corrosion
resistant material, or by treatment with corrosion resistant coating.

vi) The unit shall be completely factory assembled.

4.1.3 Cabinet :

i) The cabinet will have a frame work of either M.S. angles or formed
M.S. sheet sections in order to provide structural rigidity. Properly
formed close fittings and easily removable sheet metal panels shall be
provided all around this frame work to make a closed & streamlined
cabinet. The sheet used shall be of minimum 1.25mm thickness.

ii) Inside and outside surfaces shall be finished with polyester epoxy
powder coating.

iii) The fan section and coil section of cabinet shall be insulated with at
least 25mm resin bonded fibre glass lining on the inside duly finished
with minimum 0.5mm thick aluminium sheet.

iv) An insulated condensate tray shall be provided beneath the cooling coil
so as to avoid dripping over the equipment installed in the lower portion
of the cabinet. The drip tray should have a drain connection for leading
away the condensate.
 v) A conditioned air outlet from the cabinet should be provided with
suitable flanges in order to connect it to the canvas of the supply air
ducting at the cabinet top.

vi) A return grill of streamlined design shall be provided in the elevation in

front of the filter section. This grill should be easily removable for
inspection / maintenance of filter.

4.1.4 Compressor :

i) Compressor shall be scroll hermetic or semi hermetic type suitable for

CFC/HCFC free refrigerant.

ii) It shall be fitted with suction and discharge stop valves, permitting full
servicing facilities, built in safety controls, filters, release valves, control
valve and other standard accessories.

iii) The compressor shall be installed on vibration isolating resilient

material, so as to ensure operation with the minimum noise and
vibrations.

iv) Each compressor shall be provided with protection against high

refrigerant pressure and low refrigerant pressure, anti-cycle timer,
indication lamps, fault alarm etc through microprocessor controller.

v) Compressor shall be designed for 4.4 deg C suction temperature and

43.3 deg C discharge temperature.

4.1.5 Compressor Drive :

i) The compressor motor shall be squirrel cage induction motor capable

of continuous operation at 415 V + 10% , 50 Hz, 3 phase AC supply.

ii) The motor shall be suction cooled, in case of sealed semi-hermatic

type units.

iii) The starter shall be as per para 13.9 and shall be provided on the
packaged unit itself.

4.1.6 Condenser :

i) Condenser shall be of horizontal shell and tube construction with M.S.

shell and integrally finned copper tubes. Thickness of tube shall be
minimum 1.0 mm before finning.

ii) The end covers shall be removable type and suitable provision shall be
made in the unit cabinet, enabling easy cleaning of condenser tubes.

iii) The condenser shall serve as liquid receiver for the refrigerant circuit &
shall be complete with following: -
a) Inlet and outlet refrigerant connections.
b) Inlet and outlet water connections.
c) Relief / purge valve and connections.
d) Drain valve, air vent, test cock connection, facility with valves for
descaling of tubes etc.
4.1.7 Cooling Coil

i) Cooling coil shall be 3 or 4 rows deep, as per manufacturer's

standards, made of copper tubes of minimum 0.5 mm thickness and
aluminium fins of minimum 0.15 mm thickness, mechanically bonded to
the coils.

ii) No of fins per cm of tube shall be 4 to 5.

iii) Coil shall be fitted with equalizing copper distributor to ensure that each
coil circuit receives equal amount of refrigerant.
iv) The coil shall be designed for a face velocity of not more than 155
m/min. Coil shall be thoroughly evacuated, dried and pressure tested to
21 Kg /sq.cm (300 psi).

4.1.8 Refrigerant Plumbing

i) The unit shall be complete with refrigerant plumbing using copper

tubes. Plumbing work shall be in accordance with para 5.7 of these
specifications.
ii) The refrigerant circuit shall include thermo-static expansion valve and
suction gas stainer.
iii) The work shall include provision of suction line insulation as per
manufacturer standards.

4.1.9 Fan and Drive

i) Fan shall be statically and dynamically balanced single/double inlet

centrifugal type, designed for quiet operation. The fan wheel shall be
constructed of aluminium or galvanised steel. Self-oiling bearing easily
accessible for maintenance, with thrust collar shall be provided.
Preferably, the bearings shall be life lubricated sealed type, mounted on
vibration absorbing resilient supports.
ii) The fan shall be belt driven through adjustable pulley permitting air
quantity to be varied by adjusting the fan speed. Suitable fan belt
tension adjusting arrangement shall be provided.
iii) The fan motor shall be mounted within the cabinet. This shall be of
TEFC enclosure, squirrel cage, induction motor of suitable HP for the
duty involved. This shall be located with proper alignment with fan
pulley for the belt drive.

iv) Starter (DOL) and independent SPP shall be provided.

v) The CMH and static pressure of the fan shall be as specified in the
schedule of work.
4.1.10 Interlocking

The compressor motor shall be interlocked with the following:

i) Air flow switch in the evaporator fan discharge
ii) Differential pressure switch in the condenser water line
iii) Condenser water pump
iv) Cooling tower fan motor

4.1.11 Filters
 i) Cleanable aluminium wire mesh/ synthetic media type air filters, at least
25 mm thick, shall be provided, swung fit to prevent air by pass.
ii) Face velocity across the filters shall not exceed 100 m/min.

4.1.12 Humidification

Where close control of RH is required provision of pan type humidifier shall be

made as per para 6.2.3.6.2.

4.1.13 Micro process controller

Each packaged units shall be equipped with a micro-processor controller

having all operating & safety controls.

4.1.14 Insulation

Insulation of packaged units shall be as per para 4.1.3 (iii) & Chapter 11 of
these specification.

4.1.15 Power Consumption Rating for Packaged Air Conditioner under test conditions

Cooling Capacity Maximum Power Consumption in

Watts
Watts Tons of Refrigeration Water Cooled Air Cooled
10,000 3 3,750 4,750
17,500 5 6,000 7,000
26,250 7.5 9,000 10,000
35,000 10 11,500 13,500
52,000 15 17,000 20,000

4.2 AIRCOOLED PACKAGED TYPE PLANTS

4.2.1 Scope

This chapter covers the requirements of packaged type air-conditioning plants

with air-cooled condensers of 5, 7.5, 10 , 15 and 20 TR capacities.

4.2.2 General Construction

i) The air-cooled package unit shall be supplied in two portions -outdoor portion made
up of the condenser & condenser fan and indoor unit
made up of the evaporator & evaporator fan. The compressor can be
provided along with the condenser or the evaporator depending upon
the manufacturer's practice or the required application at site.
ii) The two portions shall be piped together at site.
iii) General construction shall be as per 4.1.2.

4.2.3 Cabinet

The cabinet shall be provided separately for the two portions as shown per
para 4.1.3.

4.2.4 Compressor and Compressor Drive These shall be as per

 4.1.4 and 4.1.5

4.2.5 Condenser
The condenser shall be air-cooled and shall be in general conforming to para
5.5.4

4.2.6 Cooling Coil

This shall be as per 4.1.7

4.2.7 Refrigerant Piping

This shall be as per 4.1.8.

4.2.8 Fan and Drive

i) These shall be as per 4.1.9.

ii) Separate fans along with their drives shall be provided for the condenser and
evaporator portions.

4.2.9 The compressor motor shall be interlocked with the following:

i) Air flow switch in the evaporator fan discharge.

ii) Air flow switch in the condenser fan discharge.

4.2.10 Filters

These shall be as per 4.1.11

4.2.11 Humidification

Where specified, this shall be provided as per 4.1.12

4.2.12 Insulation
Insulation of packaged units shall be as per para 4.1.3 (iii) & Chapter 11 of
these specification.
4.3 VARIBALE REFRIGERANT VOLUME/ FLOW SYSTEM

The system selected is a modular system, with number of indoors

connected to centrally located outdoor units. The outdoor units for all
the system shall be air cooled type.

4.3.1 General Description

All the VRF air conditioners shall be fully factory assembled, wired,
internally piped & tested. The outdoor unit shall be pre-charged with first
charge of refrigerant. Additional charge shall be added as per refrigerant
piping at site. All the units shall be suitable for operation with 415 V +/-
10%, 50 Hz + 3%, 3 Phase supply for outdoor units; & 220 V +/- 10%, 50
Hz +/- 3%, 1 Phase supply for indoor units.

4.3.2 Specifications of Outdoor units :

 i) Outdoors units of the VRV system shall be compact air cooled type.
ii) Theoutdoor unit should comprise of Inverter controlled Twin Rotary
Compressor / Scroll Compressor
iii) Each module of outdoor unit must have at least 50 % of Variable
compressor which can work on Part load Suitable to operate at
heat load proportional to indoor requirement.
iv) TheODU must deliver COP of minimum 4.7 at 50 % load.
v) Theoutdoor units must be suitable for up to 225 m refrigerant piping
between outdoor unit & the farthest indoor units. Allowable level
difference between outdoor unit & indoor units shall be 50 m in
case of outdoor unit on top & 40 m in case of outdoor unit at
bottom.
vi) Allowable level difference between various indoor units connected
to one out door unit shall be up to 15 m.
vii) The outdoor units shall be suitable to operate within an ambient
temperature range of 5 Deg C to 43 Deg C in cooling mode; & -20
Deg C to 15 Deg C in heating mode.
viii) The entire operation of outdoor units shall be through
independent remotes of indoor units. No separate Start/ Stop
function shall be required.
ix) Starter for the Outdoor Unit compressor shall be “Direct on Line”
type. Inverter compressor of the unit shall start first & at the
minimum frequency, to reduce the inrush current during starting.
x) Complete refrigerant circuit, oil balancing/ equalizing circuit shall
be factory assembled & tested

4.3.3 Specifications of Indoor units :

The units include pre-filter, fan section and DX coil section. The housing of
units shall be light weight powder coated galvanized steel. Units shall have
external casing of ABS Plastic for supply and return air.

i) 4 Way Cassette type indoor units :

(a) These units shall be installed between the bottom of
finished slab & top of false ceiling.
(b) Unit shall have provision of connecting fresh air without
any special chamber & without increasing the total height
of the unit (320 mm maximum).
(c) The unit must have in built drain pump, suitable for vertical lift of
750 mm.
(d) Unit must be insulated with sound absorbing thermal insulation
material, Polyurethane foam. The sound pressure level of unit at
the highest operating level shall not exceed 46 dB (A).
(e) The unit must have drain pump kit if. The drain pump must be
suitable to lift drain up to 1000 mm from the bottom of the unit.

ii) 4 Way Compact Cassette type indoor units.

(a) The compact cassette unit should perfectly fit into ceilings and
match the standard architectural modules, without the need to
cut ceiling tiles.
(b) The flaps fold tightly against the ceiling when operation stops so
that the ceiling is affected only slightly even if air conditioning is
 installed.
(c) Designed for simple & easy installation and maintenance. It
should be slim in design only 268 mm in height even when an
electrical box is located inside the unit.
(d) The unit must have drain pump kit if. The drain pump must be
suitable to lift drain up to 1000 mm from the bottom of the unit.

iii) Concealed duct type units

(a) These units shall be ceiling suspended with suitable supports to take
care of operating weight of the unit, without causing any excessive
vibration & noise.
(b) The cold air supplied by these units will be supplied to the area to be
air conditioned, through duct system specified in the tender.
(c) Each indoor unit must have electronic expansion valve operated by
microprocessor thermostat based temperature control to deliver
cooling/ heating as per the heat load of the room
(d) The Sound Pressure level of unit at the highest operating level shall not
exceed 38 dB (A), at a vertical distance of 1.5 m below the units with
duct connected to the unit.
(e) The unit must have provision of adding drain pump kit if required &
specified. The drain pump must be suitable to lift drain up to 1000 mm
from the bottom of the unit.

iv) Wall Mounted Units.

(a) Wall mounted units must be compact & stylish design that does
not detract from the decor of the room.
(b) Each indoor unit must have electronic expansion valve operated
by microprocessor thermostat based temperature control to
deliver cooling/ heating as per the heat load of the room.
(c) The unit must have provision of adding drain pump kit if
required & specified. The drain pump must be suitable to lift
drain up to 1000 mm from the bottom of the unit.
(d) The sound pressure level of unit at the highest operating level
shall not exceed 46 dB(A).
(e) Refrigerant control in the indoor unit shall be through Electronic
Expansion Valve.

v) Installation:

(a) The units shall be mounted on ribbed rubber pads for vibration
isolation. The contractor shall supply the required charge of
refrigerant, lubricant and other consumables, for commissioning
and testing of the equipment.
(b) All the equipment shall be thoroughly tested and checked for
leaks. All safety controls shall be suitably set and a record of all
setting shall be furnished to the project supervisor.
(c) Providing and fixing M.S. structural support for condensing unit
with vibration isolator pad in-between support and structure and
vibration isolation suspender and pads for evaporating units
shall be in scope of contractor.

vi) Painting:
 Shop coats of paint that have become marred during transportation or
erection shall be cleaned off with mineral spirits, wire brushed and spot
primed over the affected areas, then coated with enamel paint to match
the finish over the adjoining shop- painted surfaces.

vii) Condensate Drain Piping:

All pipes to be used for condensate drain shall be PVC pipe conforming
to IS: 4985 - Class I & all joints should be Gluing or solvent cementing
as per manufacturer recommendation.

viii ) Refrigerant Piping:

(a) All refrigerant pipes and fittings shall be type 'L' hard drawn copper
tubes and wrought copper fitting suitable for connection with silver
solder. The copper thickness of wall shall be 20G/ 22G(0.7 to 1 mm)
(b) All joints in copper piping shall be swaged joints using low
temperature brazing and/ or silver solder. Before jointing any copper
pipe or fittings, its interior shall be thoroughly cleaned be passing a
clean cloth via wire or cable through its entire length. The piping
shall be continuously kept clean of dirt etc. while construction of the
joints. Subsequently, it shall be thoroughly blown out using nitrogen.
(c) Refrigerant lines shall be sized to limit pressure drop between
evaporator and condensing unit to less than 0.2 kg per Sq.cm.
(d) After the refrigerant piping installation has been completed the
refrigerant piping system shall be pressure tested using, Freon
mixed with nitrogen at a pressure of 20 Kg per Sq. cm. (High side)
and 10 Kg per Sq. cm (Low side). Pressure shall be maintained on
the system for 24 hours.
(e) The system shall then be evacuated to a minimum vacuum of 70
cm. of mercury and held for 24 hours, during which time; change in
vacuum shall not exceed 12 cm of mercury.
(f) All refrigerant piping shall be installed strictly as per the
instructions and recommendations of air conditioning
equipment manufacturers.

ix) Power Supply:

(a) Power supply near the indoor unit will be provided by the
department with suitable 6A plug point socket & switch.
(b) However, where the power requirement is of central control
from ODUs, as per the design of the system, the entire power
supply then shall be done by the contractor.