Street Children in the Philippines

According to UNICEF, an estimated 100 million children worldwide live at least part of their time on the
streets. In the Philippines, a government report in 1998 put the figure at 1.2 million street children—about
70,000 of them in Metro Manila alone. Another report estimates that there are approximately 1.5 million
children on the streets working as beggars, pickpockets, drug abusers and child prostitutes (ECPAT). Today, the
number of children and youth living part of their lives on the streets in the Philippines could reach two million
out of a total population of 84 million.
This is the result of human neglect, spiritual paralysis, greed and political irresponsibility that allows and
exacerbates the entrenchment of poverty in an unjust social system. The Philippines is a fractured democracy,
where feudal practices persist and where the greater national budget is dedicated to servicing foreign debt and
paying a bloated bureaucracy or is wasted on fake or overpriced development projects. There is very little for
social programs. We believe that foreign aid is wasted when poured into the coffers of rich politicians for
projects they design to benefit their own family businesses or those of their cronies. Even disaster relief money
is squandered and dissipated through corrupt practices.

Homes and shelters for street children are urgently needed. We are trying to establish more. When we requested
last month the use of a government building constructed with relief funds given for the victims of the volcanic
eruption of Mount Pinatubo (and soon abandoned), we were told it was better used for officials’ offices and
vehicles.

Advocacy and public awareness are achieved by workshops and training seminars on the rights of children that
PREDA gives to members of the government, the public, students and teachers. The police and prosecutors are
specially targeted audiences, as they inflict the most harm on children. The training and awareness–building
sessions teach as many as 11,000 people every year.

Street children are always hungry. They leave home hungry and beg on the street where they are vulnerable to
sexual exploitation, disease, malnutrition, illiteracy, abuse and trafficking for sexual exploitation. Most male
street children in the Philippines are in conflict with the law at some time and as many as 20,000 see the inside
of a prison cell, where they are mixed with pedophiles, drug addicts, murderers and rapists. The street children
are exposed to HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in the prisons.

One of the street children we are helping is a 14–year–old boy I call Francisco. He is a Filipino–American
living on the streets — abandoned like many others when the military bases pulled out in 1992 and thousands of
children were left stranded.

All support ceased, and many children fathered by American servicemen became street children. We filed a
class action suit in 1993 on their behalf in the International Court of Complaints here in Washington, DC, to
establish these Filipino–American children’s rights to assistance. They have been consigned to live on the
streets in hovels or slums in unimaginable poverty. Our case did not prosper. The court ruled that the children
were the products of unmarried women who provided sexual services to US service personnel in Olongapo,
Subic Bay and Angeles City and were therefore engaged in illicit acts of prostitution. Such illegal activity could
not be the basis for any legal claim.

Through the PREDA Foundation we are doing all we can for the street children, the Filipino–American kids and
those street kids put in jail, where they suffer the worst punishment of all for a street child—the unjust
deprivation of freedom. Thousands of street kids are behind bars for petty misdemeanors and no other crime
than being homeless on the streets, taking food without paying to ease their hunger or, when no food is to be
had, sniffing cheap industrial glue to ease the pangs.
Solutions can be found in fair trade and by creating jobs for the parents of street kids. This is one of our
interventions to break the cycle of poverty passed on from parents to children. Using our own financial
resources, we have saved hundreds of street children and Fil–Am kids. Our funds come from PREDA Fair
Trading, raised from marketing the products from development projects PREDA has established for the poor.
The products are then exported and the parents of street kids or those in dire circumstances are employed when
possible.

By providing direct service homes, feeding programs, street education and advocacy to change the system, our
work for children has continued unabated and we have been able to save many from the streets, bring them to a
residential home, give values formation and formal and non–formal education. Many have good jobs today.
This work still goes on. We have a home for former street kids who had been imprisoned, some of whom were
never charged, and others were not found guilty of any misdemeanor or crime. Some as young as eight and ten
years old.

We are asking that foreign aid assistance be focused, directed and used to bring change in protecting the rights
of street children, that World Bank loans and ADB loans be more closely monitored for waste and abuse and
that child support programs be a component of every aid package.

WHO ARE THE STREET CHILDREN?

Street children are those children who, when they experience family problems, hunger, neglect and domestic
violence, escape from their homes and live part–time on the streets. When they are settled and know street
survival techniques, they return at times to their hovels and shacks to visit their families and bring food for their
younger brothers and sisters. When they see that the food they bring is not enough, they return to the street and
their brothers and sisters sometimes follow them, looking for the source of the food.

Parents at times send them out to beg and scavenge and even prostitute them or sell them in to bonded labor.
We cannot forget the children born of teenage street children and aborted in backstreet clinics.

Other street children are child workers, permanently on the streets and engaged in scavenging, child labor,
begging, peddling drugs and petty theft. Many end up in jail. Their rights are frequently abused by the police
while on the streets. The girls are sometimes raped in custody and forced to hand over their daily earnings.

Others are accused falsely for crimes committed by street children who have been recruited into gangs
controlled and protected by the police. The gangs of street children prey on the younger and weaker children
and sometimes make them sex slaves, using drugs, food and fear to control and dominate them. The street
children are trained to be drug couriers. Although innocent, the younger and unprotected can suffer untold abuse
by the other street youth. When in the jails, they can be mixed with criminals, rapists and pedophiles.

They are runaways from dysfunctional, broken homes with an abusive parent. In the home, usually a hovel and
poor environment beside a polluted canal or malarial swamp, they suffer sexual abuse, rape, physical abuse,
verbal battering, rejection, malnutrition, malaria, diarrhea and dengue.

Most street children are illiterate. Having no incentive, money or support and encouragement to study, they
have dropped out of elementary school. They join street gangs for their own protection and use industrial glue
as a mind– and mood–altering tranquilizer. They work selling plastic bags, newspapers and flowers or begging
for a syndicate. Many are controlled by pimps and sold to sex tourists on street corners or brought to the casa, a
house of prostitution. Street children are the poorest of the poor; they are the most vulnerable and weakest and
unless they are helped, they will be the HIV/AIDS victims of the future. They are forced to be child prostitutes
that attract foreign sex tourists. They are susceptible to becoming criminals or even terrorists angry at the adult
world that gave them life in the worst misery imaginable. The adult world has done this to the children.
GENDER BALANCE
The gender balance of the street children is roughly estimated to be two–thirds boys and one–third girls. No
exhaustive research has been done to determine this. Based on the reports of charity workers, this is a fair
comment.

The groups of children are divided into those who live on the streets permanently and those who live part–time
on the streets but go home every three or four days for a few hours or a day and then return to the streets. They
sleep in doorways, in push carts, under plastic sheets, under bridges, in drainage pipes, in derelict buildings, in
abandoned cars and buses. Some even make shacks in the trees along the fashionable boulevards. They favor
being with the rich dead in cemeteries where the tombs have roofs. They sleep in doorways on the pavements or
in the church porch. They live along the sea walls and canals.

HOW YOUNG ARE THEY?

The children on the streets a few days a week are the youngest, from seven to twelve years old. The older boys
and girls on the street who have been there for one or two years — that is, permanently on the streets — are
aged 13 to 16, although nine and ten–year–old children are also in this group.

WHERE DO STREET CHILDREN COME FROM?

The unstoppable march of global materialism and economic domination further enriches the elite and plunges
the poor into even greater poverty, increasing the number of street children and displaced families. Poverty
drives hungry farmers into the arms of the communist rebels and the ranks of the Muslim rebels and other
insurgents. They recruit the children as child soldiers and expose them to terrible dangers, violence and killings.
These child soldiers are mentally and emotionally damaged and flee the war for the streets. As the economy
worsens, poverty increases, political violence grows, and more and more impoverished rural families are driven
from their homes in the countryside because of an insurgency and rebellion.

FROM THE STREET TO THE JAIL

Frequently arrested, street children are jailed without proper legal procedures. They are at times treated as non–
persons. In a society where money is the measure of human worth, the children have no value. In the subhuman
conditions of overcrowded jails and mixed with adults, they are deprived of light, learning, exercise, family and
companionship.
 
They are sodomized and sexually abused by adult prisoners in overcrowded cells without even enough space to
lie down together. Half of the prisoners have to stand while the other half sleeps. The only schooling the street
children receive inside is how to be a criminal. They suffer systematic violation of their human rights from the
day they are accused and are incarcerated without due process of law. When they do get out, they return to the
streets and are able to organize street gangs of children to engage in crime. They are psychologically damaged
and traumatized and sometimes deranged. They face the dangers of tuberculosis and other diseases while in the
prison.

WHAT ARE THE INITIATIVES ON BEHALF OF STREET CHILDREN?

COMMUNITY–BASED
The children are helped where they are — on the streets. Street contact workers are trained to conduct non–
formal education and provide basic needs. Some are successful in getting the children off the streets and into
school. This project needs constant follow–up, monitoring and financial support.
Street children themselves are sometimes trained to become street educators themselves. They belong to the
peer group and are respected and accepted. They help to break down the lack of trust that street children have of
social workers and helpers. Maximum participation of children in the work is a sign of best practice. Non–
formal education on the street is an indication of this.

JOBS FOR STREET CHILDREN

The children are helped to find income–earning activities to support themselves on the streets, such as washing
cars, guarding parking areas, working as shine boys, selling products on the streets and selling plastic bags
around the markets. Sadly, some are made professional beggars, drug couriers, pimps and child prostitutes.

EDUCATION
This is an approach that tries to bring responsive children into the school system by providing support and
encouragement and regular follow–up and monitoring. Livelihood opportunities for parents of the street
children are sometimes provided by the project. Thus, the child becomes valuable to the family, as the child is a
source of financial assistance.

Drop–in centers for street children are common in the major cities, but they are vulnerable to the children’s love
of the freedom they have on the streets. The dropout rate can be high. There is the added difficulty of providing
enough care that will make a difference in the lives of the children. The centers provide basic needs and shelter,
but the programs are usually short lived. When children do stay longer, they are referred to centers that provide
care for the long term. Residential live–in centers are expensive projects and there are not many of them. Unless
they are placed in an area remote from the street and efforts are made to locate and bring the parents into the
process of helping the children, their success rates will be low, as many children will be enticed to go back to
the streets.

FORMING SPECIAL ACTION GROUPS OF STREET CHILDREN

The goal of these strategies is to help street children organize themselves for self–protection and help. Some
have been successful. They feed each other, run for help to organizations like PREDA in emergencies, bring
medical help and in the past have even made collections to pay extortion money to police to release their group
members. Today they call on PREDA’s legal officers to get their group members out of jail.

STREET CONTACT FOR CHILDREN

This project entails regular contact by dedicated social workers with groups of street children. The workers
relate with the children to win their trust, offer legal and personal protection against acts of abuse by the
authorities and work to release the children from jails and holding cells or to get charges against them
dismissed. The project provides basic needs such as clothes, food, medical help and shelter when needed.
Efforts are made to contact parents and enable the child to visit the parents. Part–time work for older children is
provided when possible.

Livelihood projects for parents are at times an aspect of street contact, as are meetings, outings and non–formal
education. This model is being implemented by the PREDA Foundation, Olongapo City and other agencies.
There is no attempt to take the children off the streets unless they are willing to enroll in school or agree to take
non–formal education courses.