TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN AMBROSIA KỲ THI TRUYỀN THỐNG OLYMPIC 30/4 NĂM 2018

Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH; Lớp: 10 & 11

Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút, không kể thời gian phát đề
ĐỀ THI THỬ SỐ 02

(Đề thi có 15 trang)

Họ và tên: .........................................................................SBD: .....................................................

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST (40 pts)

I. WORD CHOICE (5 pts)
Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
1. The sky darkened and there was a distant ____________ of thunder.

A. clap B. clang C. groan D. flash

2. Vietnam ____________ war against French colonial empire has gone down in history as one of
the most epic, destroying the harrowing shackles of tyranny after nearly a century.

A. emancipation B. remission C. liberation D. salvation

3. Everyone was shocked to hear that a politician of his ____________ would stoop so low.

A. credence B. stature C. guile D. affinity

4. A new treatment ______________, it became less prohibitive and more effective to deal with
patients infected with tuberculosis.

A. tainted B. assorted C. repudiated D. effected

5. On 6th August 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, killing thousands of citizens
and almost ____________ the city.

A. overruling B. annulling C. eradicating D. annihilating

6. His smirk suggested some vicious _____________, which terrified everyone at the meeting.

A. subtleties B. allusions C. insinuations D. inertia

7. She was ____________ with guilt when she realized that the accident had been her fault.

A. consumed B. ravaged C. devoured D. dazzled

8. That my brother ______________ boasts about his achievements is absolutely annoying!

A. inexorably B. incessantly C. intricately D. intrepidly

9. She lifted it over the fence and set off across the little meadow, _____________ speed and
thoroughly enjoying it.

A. gathering B. collecting C. consuming D. firing

10. One of Kim’s secretarial work includes taking the _____________ of the meeting.

A. gist B. crux C. minutes D. fundamentals

II. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

11. Judy is ___________ smarter than the others that she ought to be in a higher grade at school.
A. much B. so much C. too much D. too far
12. “Shall I call Eddie at home?” – “I think he ____________ now.”
A. will be working B. is going to work C. is to work D. will work
13. ___________, he will have to be punished
A. Should he have cheated B. Were he to cheat
C. Did he cheat D. Were he to have cheated
14. You must have passed your final exam with distinction, __________?
A. shouldn’t you B. mustn’t you C. haven’t you D. didn’t you
15. The king was delighted ____________ a little surprised by the arrival of his uninvited guest.
A. let alone B. beside C. except D. if
16. - “Will you go to her wedding?”
- “__________ there are many people there”.
A. Not unless B. If only C. Now that D. Assuming that
17. When we bought that house, everything ____________ the kitchen stuff had already been in
place.
A. save B. but for C. bar D. apart
18. In clearer water, one encounters shoals of tiny fish, which dart ____________ like flights of arrows.
A. whereabouts B. hither and thither C. to and fro D. thereabouts
19. The updated system is better _______________ access to the Internet is guaranteed.
A. thereby B. hence C. lest D. in that
20. When you come down the hill, do drive slowly because it is not ____________ obvious where the
turning is.
A. quite B. directly C. instantaneously D. immediately
III. PHRASAL VERB AND PREPOSITIONS (5 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.

21. Manchester’s performance isn’t a patch _______ Chelsea’s.

A. to B. against C. on D. for

22. Derek was so angry at the news that he _______ the phone and rushed out of the room.

A. called up B. slammed down C. hung on D. rang off

23. I went ashore at most of the ports we _______ on our cruise.

A. pulled up B. came about C. put into D. drew up

24. He has a proclivity _______ being nervous when it comes to exams.

A. of B. at C. against D. for

25. The government has resigned _______ the background of the widespread social unrest.

A. on B. against C. to D. with

26. When the president is away, the work devolves _______ the vice president.

A. into B. on C. around D. for

27. This is a serious matter, so you have to _______ me this time. Don’t try to hide anything.

A. duck out B. hinge upon C. level with D. zero in

28. The car finally _______ about 20 miles from home.

A. pegged out B. cut off C. faded away D. phased out

29. It has been an open secret that Dave has _______ on his wife.

A. left out B. stepped out C. crossed out D. dashed out

30. In order to get a perfect SAT score, you should _______on English classics.

A. beaver away B. knuckle down C. beef out D. swot up

IV. IDIOMS AND COLLOCATIONS (5 pts)

Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
31. The hospital staff pulled out all the _______ to make sure the children had a wonderful day.
A. roadblocks B. barricades C. plugs D. stops
32. Neither side is prepared to _____ an inch in the negotiations.

A. stir B. budge C. push D. bend

33. When I'm writing, there's no better feeling than easily thinking of the ______ juste.
A. slot B. lot C. mot D. bot
34. Congressman Saunders fired the opening _______ during a heated debate on capital
punishment.

A. salvo B. barrage C. cannonade D. burst

35. I like the way people here always queue up. Back home we just push and shove, and the devil
take the ________!

A. outermost B. foremost C. hindmost D. utmost

36. The manager attached himself to the luncheon club and became a _______ fixture there.

A. perennial B. enduring C. stable D. permanent

37. I was so hungry, and that meal was absolutely delicious! It was just what the _______ ordered.

A. scientist B. doctor C. expert D. healer

38. Although the Government has increased allocations to the social sector by as much as 40 per
cent, State funding still falls ________ short of needs.

A. well B. totally C. severely D. abjectly

39. Last week’s violence was _______ condemned by foreign governments.

A. grimly B. roundly C. roughly D. bitingly

40. The treaty was imposed by force, and therein _______ the cause of its ineffectiveness.

A. set B. put C. lay D. stood

V. GUIDED CLOZE (10 pts)

Read the texts below and decided which answer best fits each space.

Passage A

By charting out the typical cognitive development of children, Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget
has heavily influenced how psychiatrists (41) ______ the progress of juvenile psychological growth.
Beginning in the 1920s and up until his death in 1980, he studied the errors schoolchildren made on
various tests and realised that children of the same age made the same kinds of reasoning errors.
Based on these (42) _____ patterns, he identified stages in a child’s cognitive development, beginning
from infancy and extending through adulthood.

According to Piaget, the first stage that children go through is the sensorimotor stage, an (43)
_______ and complex period that Piaget further divided into six sub-stages. The sensorimotor stage
begins at birth and lasts roughly until the child is two years old. During this time, the child experiences
the world through his senses and motor skills, and he will (44) _______ develop and master the basic
reflexes of infants, such as grasping, sucking, looking, and listening. Moreover, the infant begins to
develop the fundamentals of basic cognitive functions. The child also learns that certain actions will
have certain effects, and he may perform an action to recreate these effects. The child may also
experiment with different actions to test their effects, like making various sounds to get an adult’s
attention. Finally, the child also shows the basic (45) ______ for understanding symbols, and he
develops a (46) ______ use of language toward the end of this stage, most notably by identifying
parents with words like “mama” and “dada.”

In the next stage, the preoperational stage (ages 2–7), the child expands his capacity for
symbolic thinking, and he can envision the environment and (47) ________ it within his imagination.
This stage is marked by two other distinctive characteristics. The first is (48) ______. While the child’s
language develops more fully for the purpose of social interaction, his thought process is still limited
by individual experiences, and these cognitive limitations exclude any alternative viewpoints. Piaget
(49) ______ this when he instructed several children in this age group to look at a three-dimensional
model of a mountain from a particular angle and then pick out a particular scene they saw. All of the
subjects correctly fulfilled the task, but, when asked to pick out what someone else would have seen
when looking at a different angle, they only picked out the respective scenes they saw. Basically, they
were (50) ______ to the fact that a viewer at a different angle would see a different scene, so they were
only able to pick out only what they saw personally.
41. A. crystallize B. enlighten C. expound D. delineate
42. A. transpiring B. betiding C. recurring D. ensuing
43. A. eventful B. gnarly C. piquant D. spellbinding
44. A. prefatorily B. inchoately C. nascently D. initially
45. A. finesse B. aptitude C. metier D. forte
46. A. vestigial B. homespun C. primordial D. basal
47. A. aggrandize B. machinate C. finagle D. manoeuvre
48. A. egocentrism B. narcissism C. superciliousness D. bumptiousness
49. A. divined B. ferreted C. unearthed D. determined
50. A. unbeknownst B. oblivious C. benighted D. blundering

Passage B

Throughout the ages, disease has (51) __________ our species. Prehistoric humans (52)
__________ what could be eaten without danger, and how to avoid plants that could bring about (53)
__________. They found leaves, berries and the bark of different trees that could actually heal wounds
and cure the sick, and it soon became a special skill to understand natural medicine.
 Ever since the dawn of history, medicine men and wise woman have always been (54)
___________ in treating diseases and have (55) __________ medicine with ritual and magic. By trial and
error they discovered treatments for almost any (56) __________ prevalent at the time. The precious
recipes for preparations which could (57) __________ pain, stop fits, sedate or stimulate were passed
down from generation to generation, although there was no exact understanding of the way in which
the medicines worked. Nevertheless, despite the power of these (58) __________ medicines,
generations were still ravaged by disease.

During the last 150 years, scientists and doctors, whose work has focused on these early
medicines, have learnt that their power derived from certain chemicals which were found in herbal (59)
__________ or could be (60) __________ in the laboratory. In just such a way, advanced in modern
medicine continue, aided by the discoveries made centuries ago by our ancestors.

51. A. stalked B. lurked C. sneaked D. prowled

52. A. must quickly learn B. must quickly have learnt
C. would quickly learn D. would quickly have learnt
53. A. symptoms B. ailments C. predicaments D. infirmities
54. A. specialized B. adept C. versed D. renowned
55. A. dispensed B. discharged C. dissociated D. dispelled
56. A. infliction B. attrition C. friction D. affliction
57. A. diminish B. ameliorate C. debilitate D. alleviate
58. A. former B. archaic C. primitive D. primordial
59. A. remedies B. therapies C. elixir D. cure
60. A. assimilated B. procreated C. synthesized D. engendered

VI. READING COMPREHENSION (10 pts)

Read the texts below and choose the best answer to each question.
Passage A

SOCIAL NETWORKING
More good than evil?
It is a commonly held belief that today’s teens are in trouble. They spend hours communicating
via social network sites instead of socializing in person and send countless text messages that are in
a virtually unrecognizable language. In a study analyzing today’s youth in the digital world, renowned
scientist, Susan Greenfield, laments: “We are raising a generation of children who are shallow, thrill-
seeking and in danger of detaching themselves from reality.” In spite of such pessimistic beliefs, recent
research seems to indicate that social network sites may not be as detrimental as some may think.

A crucial point is that we need to maintain a broader perspective. New technologies have
always provoked generational panic, which usually has more to do with adult fears than any real harm
they may do. In the 1930s, parents worried that radio was taking over the lives of their children. In the
60s, the great danger was the television and then in the 80s, the Sony Walkman was claimed to be
turning teens into mindless zombies.

In fact, social scientists who study young people have found that technology and the digital
world can essentially benefit today's youth. It seems that if teens use a lot of social media, it has no
negative effect on their engaging in face-to-face contact. Actually, the evidence suggests that the
most avid texters are also the kids most likely to spend time with friends in person. One form of
socializing doesn’t replace the other. It augments it. Then, as the young get older and are given more
freedom, they often ease up on social networking. Early on, the web is their own personal space, but
by their late teens, it is replaced as they acquire greater independence.

But isn’t all this short-form writing eroding language skills? Studies of first-year college papers
from 1917 is show that this is not the case. The rates of grammar and vocabulary errors by these
freshmen in their compositions were the same as in the ones written by their modern counterparts.
There is one essential difference, however. Student essays have blossomed in size and complexity.
They are now six times longer and offer arguments supported by a wealth of evidence. Why? Because
computers have vastly increased the ability of students to gather research, consider different points
of view and write more analytically.

If truth be told, the online world also offers kids remarkable opportunities to become literate
and creative because young people can now publish ideas not just to their circle of friends, but to the
whole world. And it turns out that when they write for strangers, it makes them work harder, push
themselves further, and create powerful new communicative forms.

61. What is meant by the phrase virtually unrecognizable in the first paragraph?
A. Teenagers use foreign languages when they speak or write.
B. Teenagers are very creative when they communicate with one another.
C. Teenagers enjoy taking on a different identity when they communicate.
D. The language used in text messages has been greatly altered.
62. Why is Susan Greenfield quoted in the first paragraph?
A. She has teenage children who use computers.
B. She strongly contradicts what society believes.
C. Her research supports that teens are negatively affected by today’s technology.
D. She believes more information is needed to draw conclusions.
63. According to Susan Greenfield, what may be a consequence of teens using technology?
A. They may become overly cynical about their lives.
B. They may not be connected to what is happening around them.
C. They may not find pleasure in exciting activities.
 D. They may not grow up into mature adults.
64. Why does the author use examples from past decades?
A. to prove that technology has always been harmful
B. to argue that new inventions always seem suspicious
C. to show that teenagers will never obey their parents
D. to present a trend that is getting more dangerous
65. The author implies that a teen who uses a cell phone frequently is _____
A. less athletic B. a poor student C. highly introverted D. more sociable
66. The word augments in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to______
A. substitutes for B. adds to C. explains D. decreases
67. What happens when teenagers get older?
A. They don’t need personal space anymore.
B. Their studies become more important to them than their social lives.
C. The digital world becomes increasingly important to them.
D. They do not participate in social networks as much.
68. What does the word counterparts in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A. compositions B. first-year college students
C. grammar and vocabulary errors D. language skills
69. How does a modern college freshman’s paper compare to one from 1917?
A. It has almost no linguistic errors. B. It has the same amount of content.
C. It has a less complicated writing style. D. It is based on more information.
70. What is the author’s view of social networks?
A. Their access must be strictly controlled by parents.
B. They play a positive role in young people’s lives.
C. They are detrimental to young people’s relationships.
D. They have evolved faster than most people realize.

Passage B

Anthropology distinguishes itself from the other social sciences by its greater emphasis on
fieldwork as the source of new knowledge. The aim of such studies is to develop as intimate an
understanding as possible of the phenomena investigated. Although the length of field studies varies
from a few weeks to years, it is generally agreed that anthropologists should stay in the field long
enough for their presence to be considered ‘natural’ by the permanent residents.

Realistically, however, anthropologists may never reach this status. Their foreign mannerisms
make them appear clownish, and so they are treated with curiosity and amusement. If they speak the
local language at all, they do so with a strange accent and flawed grammar. They ask tactless
questions and inadvertently break rules regarding how things are usually done. Arguably this could be
an interesting starting point for research, though it is rarely exploited. Otherwise, anthropologists take
on the role of the ‘superior expert’, in which case they are treated with deference and respect, only
coming into contact with the most high-ranking members of the society. Anthropologists with this role
may never witness the gamut of practices which take place in all levels of the society.

No matter which role one takes on, anthropologists generally find fieldwork extremely
demanding. Anthropological texts may read like an exciting journey of exploration, but rarely is this so.
Long periods of time spent in the field are generally characterised by boredom, illness and frustration.
Anthropologists in the field encounter unfamiliar climates, strange food and low standards of hygiene.
It is often particularly trying for researchers with middle-class, European backgrounds to adapt to
societies where being alone is considered pitiful. It takes a dedicated individual to conduct research
which is not in some way influenced by these personal discomforts.

Nonetheless, fieldwork requires the researcher to spend as much time as possible in local life.
A range of research methodologies can be utilised to extract information. (1) These can be classified
as emic or etic. (2) While emic descriptions are considered more desirable nowadays, they are difficult
to attain, even if the researcher does his utmost to reproduce the facts from the natives’ point of view.
(3) More often than not, aspects of the researcher’s own culture, perspective and literary style seep
into the narrative. Moreover, research generally involves translations from one language to another
and from speech into writing. In doing this, the meaning of utterances is changed. (4) The only truly
emic descriptions can be those given by the natives themselves in their own vernacular.

The least invasive type of research methodology is observation. Here, the researcher studies
the group and records findings without intruding too much on their privacy. This is not to say, however,
that the presence of the researcher will have minimal impact on the findings. An example was Richard
Borshay Lee, who, in studying local groups in the Kalahari refused to provide the people with food so
as not to taint his research, leading to an inevitable hostility towards the researcher which would not
otherwise have been present.

A variant on the observation technique, participant observation requires that the anthropologist
not only observes the culture, but participates in it too. It allows for deeper immersion into the culture
studied, hence a deeper understanding of it. By developing a deeper rapport with the people of the
culture, it is hoped they will open up and divulge more about their culture and way of life than can
simply be observed. Participant observation is still an imperfect methodology, however, since
populations may adjust their behavior around the researcher, knowing that they are the subject of
research.

The participatory approach was conceived in an attempt to produce as emic a perspective as

possible. The process involves not just the gathering of information from local people, but involves
them in the interpretation of the findings. That is, rather than the researcher getting actively involved
in the processes within the local community, the process is turned on its head. The local community
is actively involved in the research process.

71. The main premise of the text is _______

A. the steps to be followed when undertaking anthropological fieldwork.

B. a history of anthropological fieldwork methodology.

C. the effects that an anthropological fieldwork has on local communities.

D. the problems with conducting anthropological fieldwork.

72. The main reason for anthropological researchers remaining in a community for an extended
period of time is that ____________

A. they can gather as much information as possible.

B. they can try out a range of different research methodologies.

C. they want local people to behave naturally around them.

D. they need time to become accustomed to the conditions.

73. What does the passage say about researchers who are considered a ‘clown’ by locals?

A. They do culturally unacceptable things without realising it.

B. They do not gain respect among high-ranking members of the community.

C. They cannot conduct any research of value.

D. They do not study the language and culture of the region before their arrival.

74. What does ‘gamut’ mean?

A. idea or impression

B. prohibition or taboo

C. range or extent

D. secret or mystery

75. The writer believes that the most difficult aspect of fieldwork for educated westerners is

A. the lack of companionship.

B. poor sanitary conditions.

C. failure to meet expectations.

 D. never being left alone.

76. In paragraph 3, it is implied that ______________

A. the fieldworker’s emotions and mood prejudice the research.

B. the longer a researcher spends in the field, the more depressed he gets.

C. middle-class Europeans find field research more difficult than researchers from other
backgrounds.

D. anthropological texts tend to exaggerate the difficult conditions that researchers experience.

77. Where in paragraph 4 does this sentence belong?

A native’s point of view of his own lifestyle is emic, while the analytical perspective of the
outsider is etic.

A. (1) B. (2) C. (3) D. (4)

78. Which of the following is NOT true about an emic account?

A. It is likely to be more analytical in style than an etic account.

B. It is told from the perspective of the person being studied.

C. It is currently the preferred way of conducting anthropological research.

D. It cannot be translated without altering its meaning.

79. Why is the example of Richard Borshay Lee given in paragraph 5?

A. to demonstrate that observation is an ineffective method of gathering data.

B. to highlight why it is important that researchers minimize their impact on a community.

C. to show the dangers of researchers trying to lessen their impact on a community.

D. to show how a researcher’s choice of methodology can influence the validity of his findings.

80. How does participant observation differ vary from straightforward observation?

A. It requires the researcher to become actively involved in the daily lives of those being
studied.

B. It allows the subjects of the research a greater degree of privacy.

C. It eradicates the problem of research subjects altering their behaviour towards researchers.

D. It takes longer to perform this type of research effectively.

 B. WRITTEN TEST (70 pts)
I. CLOZE TEST (20 pts)
Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for
each space.
Passage A
It is characteristic of the human race that change is constantly deplored, and that ‘the good
old days’ are believed to have been far better than the present day. In the (1) _______ of children's
games, the fixed idea is that children ‘don’t play games any more’, or don’t have the fun we used to
have'. Adults can be savagely critical of the supposed sophistication or inertia of (2) _______
schoolchildren, and equally self-righteous about their own childhoods. The much re-iterated phrase
is, ‘We used to make our own amusements.’ At the same time, they all (3) _______ prevent their children
from making their own amusements by supplying them with generous pocket-money and giving them
expensive toys. Often it was lack of money that caused children to play with (4) ________ toys that
cost nothing. Human nature being what it is, a child would rather play with glamorous glass marbles
than with cherry-stones picked up from the gutter.

The changing fashions in children’s games are also to some extent affected by their seniors.
Children must have heroes to copy. The present-day heroes are footballers. Even the smallest boys
worship famous footballers, watching them on television, knowing every detail of their careers, and
having opinions about their (5) _______. Role-models are of prime importance. From this point of view,
the revival of some street games as world sports has been an excellent thing, although the romantically
cannot (6) ______ regretting a loss of informality and spontaneity. Double-rope skipping, (7) _____ two
long ropes turned in opposite directions, benefited from the (8) _______ of the first ‘Double Dutch Skip
Rope Championship’ in New York, and the subsequent (9) ______ of teams in other American cities
and other countries. Competition has raised the standard of double-skipping higher than it ever was
before; and the age of the oldest competing skippers has risen to about 16. These much-publicized
stars have been copied by the children on the (10) _______, and now if one asks them, ‘Can you do
Double Dutch?’, the answer is likely to be, ‘Of course’.

Passage B

Chronobiology might sound a little futuristic – like something from a science fiction novel,
perhaps – but it’s actually a field of study that concerns one of the oldest (1) ______ life on this planet
has ever known: short-term rhythms of time and their effect on flora and (2) ________.

This can take many forms. Marine life, for example, is influenced by tidal (3) ________. Animals
tend to be active or inactive depending on the position of the sun or moon. Numerous creatures,
humans (4) ________, are largely diurnal – that is, they like to come out during the hours of sunlight.
Nocturnal animals, such as bats and possums, prefer to forage (5) ________ night. A third group are
known as crepuscular: they (6) ________ in the low-light of dawn and dusk and remain inactive at other
hours.

When it comes to humans, chronobiologists are interested in what is known as the circadian
rhythm. This is the complete cycle our bodies are naturally (7) ________ to undergo within the passage
of a twenty-four hour day. Aside from sleeping at night and waking during the day, each cycle involves
many other factors such as changes in blood pressure and body temperature. Not everyone has an
identical circadian rhythm. ‘Night people’, for example, often describe how they find it very hard to (8)
________ during the morning, but become alert and focused by evening. This is a benign variation
within circadian rhythms known as a chronotype.

Scientists have limited abilities to create durable modifications of chronobiological demands.

Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as artificial light machines and melatonin
administration can reset our circadian rhythms, for example, but our bodies can (9) ________ the
difference and health suffers when we breach these natural rhythms for extended periods of time.
Plants appear no more malleable in this respect; studies demonstrate that vegetables grown in season
and ripened on the tree are far higher in essential (10) ________ than those grown in greenhouses and
ripened by laser.

II. WORD FORMATION (20 pts)

Part 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.

1. That rare book is protected against damage by an equally expensive leather _______. (CASE)
2. Mrs. Jenkins blew her top when her colleague accused her of having a(n) __________ affair with
the boss. (MARRIAGE)
3. It was not until Tom had a(n) __________ that the problem was solved. (BRAIN)
4. After our __________, we switch to energy-saving light bulbs. (AUDIT)
5. At the fair, the scientists had the chance to test the __________of the new flying car. (TYPE)
6. _______ matter, once inhaled, can exert some far-reaching influence on our health. (PARTICLE)
7. The Californian coast is famous for the _________________ beaches, whose appeal has
mesmerized visitors coming from far and wide. (SUN)
8. ________________ are medicines that lower the chance of blood clotting. (COAGULATE)
9. With the great achievement of U-23 Vietnam team, many international newspapers wrote
__________ praising our heroes. (COME)
10. In the countryside, farmers try to _______ their land with a view to keeping out their neighbours’
cattle. (MARKER)

Part 2: Complete the passage with appropriate forms from the words given in the box.

PEER PERVADE REVOLVE ACERBIC PRACTICE

LIEU MATURE SCIENCE EPISTLE LIGHT
 Not for a moment has alternative medicine gained in such popularity and respect. Therapies
once labelled (1) _______ or quackery are now typically referred to as alternative, complementary or
holistic. The rise of alternative medicine poses a problem for defenders of science. Many see the
fightback as a lost cause but I believe that the factors that allow quackery to prosper can and are being
harnessed for a (2) _______ in defence of science.

As soon as the British Chiropractic Association sued writer Simon Singh for libel, his supporters
used Twitter and Facebook to keep posted of the case. Singh’s supporters inundated them with
complaints about individual (3) _______, all of which required investigation. Rather than relying on
scientists to defend the boundaries of science, we are seeing a much more socially embedded struggle
– a popular (4) _______ project. Can such a project work? The answer seems to depend a great deal
on the individual. For example, AIDS deniers are generally (5) ______ to corrective evidence. They are
impossible to argue with, and indeed it may even be counterproductive to do so. The digital revolution
has (6) _________the problem because you can now watch, listen to and read what you want,
whenever you want; seek out and discuss, in exhaustive and insular detail. However, the boundary
between mainstream and alternative knowledge may have become more permeable, but the world has
yet to enter what political scientist Michael Barkun of Syracuse University in New York calls “complete
(7) _______ pluralism”. The fact that quacks and AIDS deniers keep trying to get the (8) _____ of
science for their discredited ideas, by trying to publish their work in (9) ______ journals, for example,
speaks to the continued public prestige and power of science. Furthermore, their support base is far
from fixed in stone. Some people are so committed to unorthodox views that they cannot be moved,
but they are the exception. People motivated to explore the cultic (10) _______ – that fluid
countercultural space in which alternative therapies and conspiracy theories flourish – are open to
changing their minds.

III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts)

The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them.
It is not easy to have a rational discussion with people about the nature of their language. They
feel that the language belongs to them, and they are entitled to hold cut and dry opinions about it. And
when opinions differ, emotions run high. Arguments can easily stem from minor points of usage as
from major education policies. In English, the origin of many popular misconceptions lies in the work
of the linguists of the eighteenth century who first attempted to codify the English grammar.
Unfortunately, they worked under the premise that English grammar is derived from Latin grammar
and that the rules of the latter are to determine the former. It was this fundamentally misunderstanding
that resulted in the absurd but time-honored 'never-end-a-sentence-with-a-preposition' type of rule
that many people still cling to. These days, many people complain that the Internet is the source of
much unforgivable distortion of English, and such the ease and speed of email communication
engenders a lazy approach to writing. This is possibly a short-sighted view: perhaps we should be
more broad-minded and view such changes as potential enrichment other than corruption of the
language. Perhaps those who argue it is only the latter are guilty of stick-in-the-sand mentality which
is often not confined to their own language. The American linguist Leonard Bloomfield tells the story
of a doctor who was so firm in his view that the American language Chippewa had only few hundred
words. When Bloomfield tried to dispute the point, the doctor had no thoughts of losing down. He
turned away and refused to listen.

IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts)

Rewrite the following sentences using the words given.

1. I suggest that you should purchase more up-to-date programs. (TIMES)

 With _________________________________________________________________________________ .

2. Batman came and Joker made a quick escape immediately. (CUT)

 No ___________________________________________________________________________________ .

3. We couldn’t watch the film because the TV wasn’t working properly. (BLINK)

 That _________________________________________________________________________________ .

4. The raised serious questions about his credibility and the company’s as well. (EXTENSION)

 This cast _____________________________________________________________________________ .

5. I am sure that the current soccer trend is fleeting. (PAN)

 There ________________________________________________________________________________ .

6. People said that Ronaldo had passed his prime. (SHADOW)

 Ronaldo ______________________________________________________________________________ .

7. The reviewers were in an inappropriate situation to criticize. (SIT)

 The reviewers had _____________________________________________________________________ .

8. She told everyone that she had been fired by the company. (SACK)

 She let _______________________________________________________________________________ .

9. Should there be a problem, contact us at all costs. (LINE)

 In the ________________________________________________________________________________ .

10. Although the manager is sluggish, he is a smooth speaker. (GIFT)

 Sluggish ______________________________________________________________________________ .

- END OF TEST. BEST OF LUCK -