Scribd
Upload
70 views3 pages

File: /Home/Vissistl/Desktop/Interview-New/Linux - Inter Page 1 of 3

LVM allows resizing filesystems online using commands like lvextend and lvreduce. The free and vmstat commands display memory stats, and sar collects CPU and system activity information stored by default in /var/log/sa/sadd files. Puppet is a configuration management tool that uses manifest files to specify client configurations and the puppetca command is used to sign certificate requests on the Puppet master, which stores certificates in /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed.

Uploaded by

Sistla567
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
70 views3 pages

File: /Home/Vissistl/Desktop/Interview-New/Linux - Inter Page 1 of 3

LVM allows resizing filesystems online using commands like lvextend and lvreduce. The free and vmstat commands display memory stats, and sar collects CPU and system activity information stored by default in /var/log/sa/sadd files. Puppet is a configuration management tool that uses manifest files to specify client configurations and the puppetca command is used to sign certificate requests on the Puppet master, which stores certificates in /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed.

Uploaded by

Sistla567
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

File: /home/vissistl/Desktop/Interview-new/LInux_inter Page 1 of 3

Q:1 Why is LVM is required ?


Ans: LVM stands for Logical Volume Manager , to resize filesystem’s size online we
required LVM partition in Linux. Size of LVM partition can be extended and reduced
using the lvextend & lvreduce commands respectively.

Q:2 How To check Memory stats and CPU stats ?

Ans: Using ‘free’ & ‘vmstat’ command we can display the physical and virtual
memory statistics respectively.With the help of ‘sar’ command we see the CPU
utilization & other stats.

Q:3 What does Sar provides and at which location Sar logs are stored ?
Ans: Sar Collect, report, or save system activity information. The default version
of the sar command (CPU utilization report) might be one of the first facilities
the user runs to begin system activity investigation, because it monitors
major system resources. If CPU utilization is near 100 percent (user + nice +
system), the workload sampled is CPU-bound.

By default log files of Sar command is located at /var/log/sa/sadd file, where


the dd parameter indicates the current day.

Q:4 How to increase the size of LVM partition ?


Ans: Below are the Logical Steps :
– Use the lvextend command (lvextend -L +100M /dev/<Name of the LVM Partition> ,
in this example we are extending the size by 100MB.
– resize2fs /dev/<Name of the LVM Partition>
– check the size of partition using ‘df -h’ command

Q:5 How to reduce or shrink the size of LVM partition ?


Ans: Below are the logical Steps to reduce size of LVM partition :
-Umount the filesystem using umount command,
-use resize2fs command , e.g resiz2fs /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv 10G
-Now use the lvreduce command , e.g lvreduce -L 10G /dev/mapper/myvg-mylv

Above Command will shrink the size & will make the filesystem size 10GB.

Q:6 How to create partition from the raw disk ?


Ans: Using fdisk utility we can create partitions from the raw disk.Below are the
steps to create partition from the raw dsik :
– fdisk /dev/hd* (IDE) or /dev/sd* (SCSI)
– Type n to create a new partition
– After creating partition , type w command to write the changes to the partition
table.

Q:7 Where the kernel modules are located ?


Ans: The ‘/lib/modules/kernel-version/’ directory stores all kernel modules or
compiled drivers in Linux operating system. Also with ‘lsmod’ command we can see
all the installed kernel modules.

Q:8 What is umask ?


Ans: umask stands for ‘User file creation mask’, which determines the settings of
a mask that controls which file permissions are set for files and directories when
they are created.

Q:9 How to set the umask permanently for a user?


Ans: To set this value permanently for a user, it has to be put in the appropriate
profile file which depends on the default shell of the user.

Q:10 How to change the default run level in linux ?


Ans: To change the run level we have to edit the file “/etc/inittab” and change
initdefault entry ( id:5:initdefault:). Using ‘init’ command we change the run
level temporary like ‘init 3 , this command will move the system in runlevl 3.

Q:11 How to share a directory using nfs ?


Ans: To share a directory using nfs , first edit the configuration file ‘/etc/
exportfs’ , add a entry like
File: /home/vissistl/Desktop/Interview-new/LInux_inter Page 2 of 3

‘/<directory-name> <ip or Network>(Options)’ and then restart the nfs service.

Q:12 How to check and mount nfs share ?


Ans: Using ‘showmount’ command we can see what directories are shared via nfs e.g
‘showmount -e <ip address of nfs server>’.Using mount command we can mount the nfs
share on linux machine.

Q:13 What are the default ports used for SMTP,DNS,FTP,DHCP,SSH and squid ?
Ans: Service Port
SMTP 25
DNS 53
FTP 20 (data transfer) , 21 ( Connection established)
DHCP 67/UDP(dhcp server) , 68/UDP(dhcp client)
SSH 22
Squid 3128

Q:14 What is Network Bonding ?


Ans: Network bonding is the aggregation of multiple Lan cards into a single bonded
interface to provide fault tolerance and high performance. Network bonding is also
known as NIC Teaming.

Q:15 What are the different modes of Network bonding in Linux ?


Ans: Below are list of modes used in Network Bonding :

balance-rr or 0 – round-robin mode for fault tolerance and load balancing.


active-backup or 1 – Sets active-backup mode for fault tolerance.
balance-xor or 2 – Sets an XOR (exclusive-or) mode for fault tolerance and
load balancing.
broadcast or 3 – Sets a broadcast mode for fault tolerance. All transmissions
are sent on all slave interfaces.
802.3ad or 4 – Sets an IEEE 802.3ad dynamic link aggregation mode. Creates
aggregation groups that share the same speed & duplex settings.
balance-tlb or 5 – Sets a Transmit Load Balancing (TLB) mode for fault
tolerance & load balancing.
balance-alb or 6 – Sets an Active Load Balancing (ALB) mode for fault
tolerance & load balancing.

Q:16 How to check and verify the status the bond interface.

Ans: Using the command ‘cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 , we can check which mode is
enabled and what lan cards are used in this bond. In this example we have one only
one bond interface but we can have multiple bond interface like bond1,bond2 and so
on.

Q:17 How to check default route and routing table ?


Ans: Using the Commands ‘netstat -nr’ and ‘route -n’ we can see the default route
and routing tables.

Q:18 How to check which ports are listening in my Linux Server ?


Asn: Use the Command ‘netstat –listen’ and ‘lsof -i’

Q:19 List the services that are enabled at a particular run level in linux
server ?
Ans: With the help of command ‘chkconfig –list | grep 5:on’ we can list all the
service that are enabled in run level5. For other run levels just replace 5 with
the respective run level.

Q:20 How to enable a service at a particular run level ?


Ans: We can enable a service using the Command ‘chkconfig <Service-Name> on –level
3

Q:21 How to upgrade Kernel in Linux ?


Ans: We should never upgrade Linux Kernel , always install the new New kernel
using rpm command because upgrading a kenel can make your linux box in a
unbootable state.
File: /home/vissistl/Desktop/Interview-new/LInux_inter Page 3 of 3

Q:22 How To scan newly asssigned luns on linux box without rebooting ?
Ans: There are two ways to scan newly assigned luns :
Method:1 if sg3 rpm is installed , then run the command ‘rescan-scsi-bus.sh’
Method:2 Run the Command , echo ” – – – ” > /sys/class/scsi_host/hostX/scan

Q:23 How to find WWN numbers of HBA cards in Linux Server ?


Ans: We can find the WWN numbers of HBA cards using the command ‘systool -c
fc_host -v | grep port_name’

Q:24 How to add & change the Kernel parameters ?


Ans: To Set the kernel parameters in linux , first edit the file ‘/etc/
sysctl.conf’ after making the changes save the file and run the command ‘sysctl -
p’ , this command will make the changes permanently without rebooting the machine.

Q:25 What is Puppet Server ?


Ans: Puppet is an open-source & enterprise software for configuration management
tool in UNIX like operating system. Puppet is a IT automation software used to
push configuration to its clients (puppet agents) using code. Puppet code can do a
variety of tasks from installing new software, to check file permissions, or
updating user accounts & lots of other tasks.

Q:26 What are manifests in Puppet ?


Ans: Manifests, in Puppet, are the files in which the client configuration is
specified.

Q:27 Which Command is used to sign requested certificates in Puppet Server ?


Ans: ‘puppetca –sign hostname-of-agent’ in (2.X) & ‘puppet ca sign hostname-of-
agent’ in (3.X)

Q:28 At which location Puppet Master Stores Certificates ?


Ans: /var/lib/puppet/ssl/ca/signed

Q:29 How to find all the regular files in a directory ?


Ans: using the command ‘find /<directory -type f’.

Q:30 What is load average in a linux ?


Ans: Load Average is defined as the average sum of the number of process waiting
in the run queue and number of process currently executing over the period of 1,5
and 15 minutes. Using the ‘top’ and ‘uptime’ command we find the load average of
a linux sever.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy