DCC 6242 : BASIC

BUILDING SERVICES
CHAPTER 1 : ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
SYSTEM IN THE BUILDING
LEARNING OUTCOME:

 End of this topic students able to understand:

 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION SYSTEM IN BUILDING (04 : 00)

 This topic covers :
1. the advantages of a single phase and three phase
electrical supply,
2. the electrical supply, the sketching of the graphics
symbols and its standard installation in a building.
3. Safety procedures and rules by local authority.
KNOW THE BASIC CONCEPT OF ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
 SINGLE PHASE & 3 PHASE

SINGLE PHASE THREE PHASE

• Single-phase electric • Three-phase electric

power is the power is a common
distribution of method of alternating
alternating current current electric power
electric power using a generation,
system in which all transmission and
voltages of supply vary distribution.
in unison.
INTRODUCTION
WIRING OF THE DISTRIBUTION BOARD (SINGLE PHASE)
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES SINGLE PHASE SUPPLY

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• Lightweight, compact • High insulation costs

unit • Not uniform torque
• Efficient transmission • Cannot handle overload
• Less substations • System resonance
required. • Increased noise &
vibration
• Shorten life
 WIRING OF
THE
DISTRIBUTION
BOARD
(3 PHASE)
 ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES 3 PHASE SUPPLY

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

• Less cost • Greater cost of standby units

• Less weight • Increased cost and
• Less size inconvenience of repairs
• Less time require to • When it self-cooled, the
assembling capacity of the transformer is
• Require less space reduced
• Easy transportation and
installation
• Deliver more power
• Easy to repair
• High efficiency
• Easier to install
COMPARISON BETWEEN SINGLE PHASE & 3 PHASE
COSTING – SINGLE PHASE

Reduction on design cost

Lower connection fees

No fixed annual charges

Can opt for 3-phase converter for some

appliances, affordable option than rewiring
SUITIBILITY FOR SINGLE PHASE

Single distribution is used when

loads are mostly lighting and
heating, with few large
electric motors.
 COSTING – 3 PHASE
Save up construction cost, can use smaller electrical services
wiring, conduits and electrical devices

Cheaper labor cost

Lessened energy lost as electrical current resistance would

lessen energy cost

Prevent power outburst with too much of currents required

to be supplied, no need to deal with damages

At higher efficiency of current drawn, it is suitable for

industrial application

Tax incentive/ cost reduction for using achieving good Green

Building Index
 SUITIBILITY FOR 3 PHASE

Big electric motors ( more than 2 kilowatt)

need three-phase power

Large domestic installation have three-phase

to ensure current in each phase is lower.
3 ELEMENT IN ELECTRICAL WIRING – OPEN

A network of electrical wiring that is not concealed by the

structure of a building, but is protected by cleats, flexible
tubing, knots, and tubes, which also support its insulated
conductors.

Surface wiring system is a system where the cables used in

an installation that is installed on the wall or ceiling
without any additional protection.
EXAMPLES:
Single-phase supply voltage
Buildings is made of wood or stone
Low the installation cost
Less of cable in the final circuit to be installed
Minimized cause of mechanical lacking dama
Less time to complete the installation
Suitable for low electrical consumer load
Open Wiring System
3 ELEMENT IN ELECTRICAL WIRING – HIDDEN

Circuit cables installed in walls or ceilings and are not

visible directly, but the end of the cable used to connect to
the terminal

The features of hidden wiring system were:

• Single-phase supply voltage
• Building is made of brick or cement
• Neatness and beautiful buildings required
• Mechanical damage can be minimized
• Less of cable in the final circuit to be installed
• Longer cable resistance required
• Suitable for low electrical consumer load
HIDDEN
WIRING
SYSTEM
3 ELEMENT IN ELECTRICAL WIRING –
CONDUIT
CONDUIT
WIRING

SURFACE CONCEALED
CONDUIT CONDUIT
WIRING WIRING

METAL PVC METAL PVC

CONDUIT CONDUIT CONDUIT CONDUIT
 CONDUIT WIRING
• An electrical conduit is a tube used to protect
and route electrical wiring in a building or
nonbuilding structure. Electrical conduit may be
made of metal, plastic, fiber, or fired clay.
SURFACE CONDUIT WIRING
• If conduits installed on roof or wall, It is known as
surface conduit wiring. in this wiring method, they make
holes on the surface of wall on equal distances and
conduit is installed then with the help of rawal plugs.

CONCEALED CONDUIT WIRING

• If the conduits is hidden inside the wall slots with the
help of plastering, it is called concealed conduit wiring.
In other words, the electrical wiring system inside wall,
roof or floor with the help of plastic or metallic piping is
called concealed conduit wiring. obliviously, It is the
most popular, beautiful, stronger and common electrical
wiring system nowadays.
Identify the usage of fitments and their
functions in the electrical wiring

• Any material that allows electric

CONDUCTORS current to pass through it
• Ie : Copper, Aluminium, Steel

• Any material that does not allow

electric current to pass through it
INSULATOR • Example : plastic •rubber •glass •like
the protective coating on wires
Identify the usage of fitments and
their functions in the electrical wiring

Lightning
•The practical safe guarding
of persons and property from
hazard arising from exposure
to lightning
Lightning Formation
Protection against Atmospheric Discharges
Given that a lightning is a natural phenomenon and as one it is unpredictable, it is
impossible to avoid its incidence on the structures or people 100% of the times, what a
protection system does is attract the lightning that otherwise will strike in an undesired
area.
 Earthing

Earthing In electricity supply systems, an earthing system defines

the electrical potential of the conductors relative to the Earth's
conductive surface. The choice of earthing system can affect the
safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply, and
regulations can vary considerably among countries.
The important of earthing were:
a. In power systems it helps to maintain the voltage of any part of
the network at a definite potential with respect to earth.
b. And it allows enough current to flow fast enough under earth fault
conditions to operate the protective devices installed in the
circuits.
c. Preventing exposed conductive parts of the equipment from rising
in potential for a period sufficient to cause danger from
electrocution.
 STANDARD SYMBOLS IN WIRING SYSTEM

Standard Graphic Symbol In Wiring System

 STANDARD SYMBOLS IN WIRING SYSTEM

Standard Graphic Symbol In Wiring System

 STANDARD SYMBOLS IN WIRING SYSTEM

Standard Graphic Symbol In Wiring System

SAFETY PROCEDURES, RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION SYSTEM

The Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 sets out the general
health and safety duties of employers, employees and the self-
employed. The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989, which were
made under the Act, require precautions to be taken against the
risk of death or personal injury from electricity in work activities.

Duties are placed on employers to ensure, amongst other things,

that employees engaged in such work activities on or near
electrical equipment, implement safe systems of work, have the
technical knowledge, training or experience to carry out the work
safely, and are provided with suitable tools, test equipment and
personal protective equipment appropriate to the work they are
required to carry out.
SAFETY PROCEDURES, RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION SYSTEM

Under the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act employees are required
to co-operate with their employer to enable the requirements of the
regulations to be met. This includes complying with any instructions
given on matters such as safe systems of work. The Electricity at
Work Regulations 1989 requires that employees themselves comply
with the regulations.
 SAFETY PROCEDURES, RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION SYSTEM

In the context of risks arising from live work, regulation 14 of the

Electricity at Work regulations 1989 requires that:

No person shall be engaged in any work activity on or so near any live

conductor (other than one suitably covered with insulating material
so as to prevent danger) that danger may arise unless;
i. It is unreasonable in all the circumstances for it to be dead
ii. It is reasonable in all the circumstances for him to be at work on
or near it while it is live
iii. iii. Suitable precautions (including where necessary the provision
of suitable protective equipment) are taken to prevent injury
 INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEER (IEE) STANDARD FOR
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

i. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS
a. In accordance with Regulation 12 (1) and (2) of the Electricity
Regulations 1994 states that every wiring in an installation must be
supervised by Wireman with phase restrictions Single or Three Phase
Restrictions. Once completed, Wireman shall certify Supervision and
a Certificate of Completion
b. In accordance with Regulation 13 (1) and (2) of the Electricity
Regulations 1994 states that the installation Wiring shall be tested by
the restriction or by Wireman Single Phase with Restrictions Phase
Three authorized to test any installation, and to be Test Certificate
to verify the installation
c. In accordance with Regulation 14 (1) of the Electricity Regulations
1994 states Supervision Certificate and Certificate of Completion and
Testing in regulations 12 and 13 shall be respectively in Form G and H
are specified in the First
 INSTITUTION OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEER (IEE) STANDARD FOR
ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION

ii. Testing Upon completion of the wiring, some testing of wiring

installations should performed for confirmation of wiring and
equipment operating safely installed to be used. Before testing was
conducted the inspection shall be made. Decision inspection /
supervision and testing must use. For confirmation of the Test
Certificate Form applied, the following tests should be performed:

a. Continuity test
b. Insulation Resistance Test
c. Polarity test
d. Earth Electrode Resistance Test
e. Testing Residual Current Devices
 SAFETY PROCEDURE AND REGULATION

To comply with regulation 14 of the Electricity at Work

Regulations 1989 (work on or near live conductors), dead
working should be the normal method of carrying out work on
electrical equipment and circuits.

Live working, which includes not only working on live

uninsulated conductors but also working so near live uninsulated
conductors that there is a risk of injury, should only be carried
out in circumstances where it is unreasonable to work dead
 SAFETY PROCEDURE AND REGULATION

Typically this would include some types of fault finding and

testing (including the live testing requirements of BS 7671 –
Requirements for Electrical Installations (IEE Wiring
Regulations)), but only where the risks are acceptable and
where suitable precautions are taken against injury, including
the provision of adequate training and personal protective
equipment (PPE).
 SAFETY PROCEDURE AND REGULATION
For the best of practice guide to safe isolation and control of the working
practices on electrical systems must be consider these aspect, it’s:
i. Site safety management
ii. Safe isolation procedure
a. When isolating the main source of energy, it is also essential to
isolate any secondary sources (such as standby generators,
uninterruptible power supplies and micro generators).
b. Where there is no such local means of isolation or where there is a
risk of reinstatement of the supply, the circuit or equipment to be
worked on should be securely isolated by one of the following
methods - Isolation using a main switch or distribution board switch-
disconnected - Isolation of individual circuits
 SAFETY PROCEDURE AND REGULATION
c. It is preferable that a final circuit distribution board is not
energised until all of its final circuits have been completed, and
inspected and tested
- Isolation of individual circuits protected by circuit-breakers
- Isolation of individual circuits protected by fuses

Note:
In TT systems, the incoming neutral conductor cannot reliably be
regarded as being at Earth potential. This means that for TT supplies,
a multi-pole switching device which disconnects the line and neutral
conductors must be used as the means of isolation. For similar
reasons, in IT systems, all poles of the supply must be disconnected.
In these circumstances, single pole isolation, such as by fuses or
single-pole circuit-breakers, is not acceptable.
 SAFETY PROCEDURE AND REGULATION

iii. Electrical permit work

iv. Caution notice
v. Proving dead isolated equipment or circuits
vi. Additional precautions
a. New installation
b. Alterations and additions
c. Circuits under automatic control
d. Neutral conductor
e. Protective conductors
f. Proving dead unused or unidentified cables
vii. Identification of devices suitable for isolation
GREEN TECHNOLOGY ON ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION SYSTEM

“Green electricity’' means electricity produced from sources

which do not cause these impacts upon the environment. Of
course, every type of electricity generation will have some
impact, but some sources are much greener than others. The
cleanest energy sources are those which utilize the natural
energy flows of the Earth. These are usually known as
renewable energy sources, because they will never run out.
LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY WIND
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

WIND POWER PLANT

Wind power is the

conversion of wind
energy into a useful form
of energy, such as using
wind turbines to make
electrical power,
windmills for mechanical
power, wind pumps for
water pumping or
drainage, or sails to
propel ships.
 LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY WIND
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

Wind power is very

consistent from year to year
but has significant variation
over shorter time scales. The
intermittency of wind
seldom creates problems
when used to supply up to
20% of total electricity
demand, but as the
proportion increases, a need
to upgrade the grid, and a
lowered ability to supplant
conventional production can
occur.
HIGH ALTITUDE WIND POWER WITH YO-YO KITES
 HIGH
ALTITUDE
WIND POWER
WITH YO-YO
KITES
 INVELOX WIND TURBINE
Invelox wind power
generation technology,
Sheerwind tests result its
turbine could generate six
times more energy than the
amount produced by
traditional turbines
mounted on towers.
Besides, the costs of
producing wind energy with
Invelox are lower,
delivering electricity with
prices that can compete
with natural gas and
hydropower.
INVELOX WIND TURBINE

Invelox takes a novel approach to wind

power generation as it doesn’t rely on high
wind speeds. Instead, it captures wind at
any speed, even a breeze, from a portal
located above ground. The wind captured is
then funneled through a duct where it will
pick up speed.

The resulting kinetic energy will drive the

generator on the ground level. By bringing
the airflow from the top of the tower, it’s
possible to generate more power with
smaller turbine blades
 LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY SOLAR
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

Solar power is the conversion

of sunlight into electricity,
either directly using
photovoltaics (PV), or
indirectly using concentrated
solar power (CSP).
Concentrated solar power
systems use lenses or mirrors
and tracking systems to focus a
large area of sunlight into a
small beam. Photovoltaics
convert light into electric
current using the photoelectric
effect.
 LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY SOLAR
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

Sunlight can be converted:

a. Concentrated solar power (also called concentrating solar
power, concentrated solar thermal, and CSP) systems use
mirrors or lenses to concentrate a large area of sunlight, or
solar thermal energy, onto a small area.
b. Solar thermal energy (STE) is a technology for harnessing
solar energy for thermal energy (heat).
 LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY SOLAR
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

SOLAR POWER PRODUCT

 LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY SOLAR
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

SOLAR POWER
PRODUCT
 LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY SOLAR
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

SOLAR POWER
PRODUCT
 LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY SOLAR
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

SOLAR POWER
PRODUCT
 LATEST GREEN ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY BY SOLAR
TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION

SOLAR POWER
PRODUCT