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What Is Border Gateway Protocol

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (AS). It uses TCP and propagates updates and keepalives to neighbors. BGP can be internal (iBGP) between routers of the same AS, or external (eBGP) between routers of different ASes. BGP speakers advertise their routes and use OPEN, UPDATE, NOTIFICATION, and KEEPALIVE messages to exchange routing information. BGP is preferred when traffic must pass through one AS to another or to connect multiple ISPs/exchange points, while it is not recommended for single internet connections or networks without bandwidth for its routing tables.

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66 views2 pages

What Is Border Gateway Protocol

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between different autonomous systems (AS). It uses TCP and propagates updates and keepalives to neighbors. BGP can be internal (iBGP) between routers of the same AS, or external (eBGP) between routers of different ASes. BGP speakers advertise their routes and use OPEN, UPDATE, NOTIFICATION, and KEEPALIVE messages to exchange routing information. BGP is preferred when traffic must pass through one AS to another or to connect multiple ISPs/exchange points, while it is not recommended for single internet connections or networks without bandwidth for its routing tables.

Uploaded by

alimad0900
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)

Routing protocols are used to exchange routing information between routers. Routing
protocols can be categorized into Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) and Exterior Gateway
Protocol (EGP).  An IGP routing protocol, such as RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS can only be
used to exchange routing information within an Autonomous System (AS). To exchange
routing information between different ASs, an EGP routing protocol such as Border Gateway
Protocol (BGP) is required.

BGP is used to connect and find routes to and from autonomous systems. It uses TCP port
179 to propagate and update the routing table (especially UPDATE and KEEPALIVE
messages) to its neighbors.

Before exchanging any routing information, BGP routers must establish a TCP connection.
The routers having a BGP session over a TCP connection are called BGP peers or BGP
neighbors. Typically, BGP is considered as a Path-Vector protocol. However, sometimes it
is also referred as an Advanced Distance-Vector protocol.

BGP protocol can be categorized into two categories: internal Border Gateway Protocol
(iBGP) and external Border Gateway Protocol (eBGP). Routers belong to the same
autonomous system use iBGP to exchange routing information. However, routers belong to
the different autonomous systems use eBGP to exchange routing information. Routers that
advertise their prefixes or routes are known as BGP speakers.

The following figure shows the use of iBGP and eBGP.

Border Gateway Protocol Messages


There are four types of messages that are used to exchange routing information between BGP
peers. These are:
1. OPEN Message: This message is sent as soon as a TCP session is established
between two BGP peers. It is used to identify the AS of routers, to match the protocol
parameters, and to decide the protocol timers.
2. UPDATE Message: This message is used to exchange the topology information
between the BGP speakers. It may contain the information regarding a new route and
the routes that need to be deleted from the routing table. Keep in mind, only one new
route can be advertised by an UPDATE message.
3. NOTIFICATION Message: A BGP NOTIFICATION message is sent out when an
error occurs during a BGP session. These messages can help administrators to
troubleshoot the BGP connections or to find the reasons why the connection was
terminated.
4. KEEPALIVE Message: BGP peers use KEEPALIVE messages to confirm whether
the connection between the BGP peers is still active or not. A BGP speaker sends a
KEEPALIVE message to each peer at the regular intervals of one-third of the agreed
hold time, which cannot be more than once per second.

When and when not to use BGP


BGP is a complex routing protocol. Using BGP in a network topology that is not suitable for
the BGP can decrease the network performance. The following guidelines will help you to
decide when to use BGP and when to not use BGP.

1. BGP routing protocol is preferred in the following scenarios:

 When there is a need to send traffic through one AS to get to another AS.
 When there is a need to connect two or more ISPs, Network Access Points (NAPs),
and exchange points
 When there is a need to use multi-homing in an enterprise network that connects more
than one ISP.

2. BGP routing protocol is not recommended in the following scenarios:

 When your router cannot support the huge routing tables required to support BGP.
 When there is a single connection to the Internet.
 When your network does not have sufficient bandwidth to support the amount of data
needed to be passed.

In this post, we have discussed the basics of Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Hope, it helped
you. We would love to hear your suggestions.

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