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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) : Basic

The document provides an overview of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). It defines BGP as an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems on the Internet. BGP makes routing decisions based on configured network policies and attributes like weight, local preference, AS_path, and community. The document describes the differences between internal BGP (iBGP) which runs within an autonomous system, and external BGP (eBGP) which runs between autonomous systems. It also outlines the BGP message header and common BGP attributes that influence route selection.

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67 views16 pages

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) : Basic

The document provides an overview of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). It defines BGP as an exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems on the Internet. BGP makes routing decisions based on configured network policies and attributes like weight, local preference, AS_path, and community. The document describes the differences between internal BGP (iBGP) which runs within an autonomous system, and external BGP (eBGP) which runs between autonomous systems. It also outlines the BGP message header and common BGP attributes that influence route selection.

Uploaded by

Amit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL

(BGP)
Basic
Contents

• Key Terms and Definitions


• Introduction to BGP Protocol
• BGP - When it is used
• BGP - When it is not used
• EBGP & IBGP
• BGP Header
• BGP Attributes
Key Terms & Definitions

• Routing Protocol - A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with


each other, distributing information that enables them to select routes between any
two nodes on a computer network.
Key Terms & Definitions

• Autonomous Systems: An AS is a group of


routers that share similar routing policies
and operate within a single administrative
domain.

• An AS can be a collection of routers


running a single IGP, or it can be a
collection of routers running different
protocols all belonging to one
organization.
Key Terms & Definitions

• IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) - Routing protocol used to exchange routing


information within an autonomous systems such as RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF.

• EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol) - Routing protocol used to exchange


routing information between autonomous systems as BGP.
Introduction to BGP

• BGP is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and


accessibility information between autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.

• The Border Gateway Protocol makes routing decisions based on paths, network
policies or rule-sets configured by a network administrator.

• BGP is a very robust and scalable routing protocol, and is used by the ISPs such as
BSNL, Airtel etc.
Introduction to BGP

• Path Vector Protocol


• Incremental Updates
• Many options for policy enforcement
• Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)
• Widely used for Internet backbone
• Autonomous systems
BGP – When it is used ?

• The AS allows packets to transit through it to reach another AS (transit AS).


• The AS has multiple connections to other AS’s.
• The flow of traffic entering or exiting the AS must be manipulated. This is policy based
routing and based on attributes.
BGP – When it is not used ?

• AS-A has single connection to the Internet or another AS.


• A lack of memory or processing power on your routers to handle constant BGP
updates.
• Low bandwidth between AS’s.
EBGP & IBGP

• When BGP is running inside an AS, it is referred to


as Internal BGP (IBGP).
– If a BGP router’s role is to route IBGP traffic, it is
called a transit router.

• When BGP runs between autonomous systems, it


is called External BGP (EBGP).
– Routers that sit on the boundary of an AS and
use EBGP to exchange information with the ISP
are called border routers.
EBGP & IBGP

 Routers A and B are running EBGP (BGP),


and Routers B and C are running IBGP.

 Note that the EBGP (BGP) peers are directly


connected and that the IBGP peers are not.

 All BGP speakers within an AS must


establish a peer relationship with each
other, that is, the BGP speakers within an AS
must be fully meshed logically.
BGP Header

• Each BGP Message contains the following


header:
- Marker: The marker field is used to either
authenticate incoming BGP messages or
to detect loss of synchronization between
two BGP peers.

- Length: The length field indicates the total


BGP message length, including the
header.
BGP Header

• Type of BGP message. The following values are defined:

• Open (1) : to establish connections with peers.

• Update (2) : messages contain all the information BGP uses to construct a loop-free picture of
the internetwork. Update messages advertises feasible routes, withdrawn routes, or both.

• Notification (3) : in event of an occurrence of an error in message type open, update


or in message header, notification message indicates type of error occurred.

• KeepAlive (4) : sent periodically between peers to maintain connections and verify paths held
by the router sending the keepalive
BGP Header

• Type: Type of BGP message. The following


values are defined:
• Open (1)
• Update (2)
• Notification (3)
• KeepAlive (4)
BGP Attributes

• Properties associated with learned routes are used to determine the best route to a destination when
multiple paths exist to a particular destination.

• These properties are referred to as BGP attributes, and an understanding of how BGP attributes influence
route selection is required for the design of robust networks.

• The attributes that BGP uses in the route selection process:


• Weight
• Local preference
• Multi-exit discriminator
• Origin
• AS_path
• Next hop
• Community
Questions ?

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